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OPTIMADE Data Models

This page provides documentation for the optimade.models submodule, where all the OPTIMADE (and JSON:API)-defined data models are located.

For example, the three OPTIMADE entry types, structures, references and links, are defined primarily through the corresponding attribute models:

As well as validating data types when creating instances of these models, this package defines several OPTIMADE-specific validators that ensure consistency between fields (e.g., the value of nsites matches the number of positions provided in cartesian_site_positions).

ATOMIC_NUMBERS = {} module-attribute

CHEMICAL_SYMBOLS = ['H', 'He', 'Li', 'Be', 'B', 'C', 'N', 'O', 'F', 'Ne', 'Na', 'Mg', 'Al', 'Si', 'P', 'S', 'Cl', 'Ar', 'K', 'Ca', 'Sc', 'Ti', 'V', 'Cr', 'Mn', 'Fe', 'Co', 'Ni', 'Cu', 'Zn', 'Ga', 'Ge', 'As', 'Se', 'Br', 'Kr', 'Rb', 'Sr', 'Y', 'Zr', 'Nb', 'Mo', 'Tc', 'Ru', 'Rh', 'Pd', 'Ag', 'Cd', 'In', 'Sn', 'Sb', 'Te', 'I', 'Xe', 'Cs', 'Ba', 'La', 'Ce', 'Pr', 'Nd', 'Pm', 'Sm', 'Eu', 'Gd', 'Tb', 'Dy', 'Ho', 'Er', 'Tm', 'Yb', 'Lu', 'Hf', 'Ta', 'W', 'Re', 'Os', 'Ir', 'Pt', 'Au', 'Hg', 'Tl', 'Pb', 'Bi', 'Po', 'At', 'Rn', 'Fr', 'Ra', 'Ac', 'Th', 'Pa', 'U', 'Np', 'Pu', 'Am', 'Cm', 'Bk', 'Cf', 'Es', 'Fm', 'Md', 'No', 'Lr', 'Rf', 'Db', 'Sg', 'Bh', 'Hs', 'Mt', 'Ds', 'Rg', 'Cn', 'Nh', 'Fl', 'Mc', 'Lv', 'Ts', 'Og'] module-attribute

EXTRA_SYMBOLS = ['X', 'vacancy'] module-attribute

Vector3D = Annotated[list[Annotated[float, BeforeValidator(float)]], Field(min_length=3, max_length=3)] module-attribute

Assembly

Bases: BaseModel

A description of groups of sites that are statistically correlated.

  • Examples (for each entry of the assemblies list):
    • {"sites_in_groups": [[0], [1]], "group_probabilities: [0.3, 0.7]}: the first site and the second site never occur at the same time in the unit cell. Statistically, 30 % of the times the first site is present, while 70 % of the times the second site is present.
    • {"sites_in_groups": [[1,2], [3]], "group_probabilities: [0.3, 0.7]}: the second and third site are either present together or not present; they form the first group of atoms for this assembly. The second group is formed by the fourth site. Sites of the first group (the second and the third) are never present at the same time as the fourth site. 30 % of times sites 1 and 2 are present (and site 3 is absent); 70 % of times site 3 is present (and sites 1 and 2 are absent).
Source code in optimade/models/structures.py 
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class Assembly(BaseModel):
    """A description of groups of sites that are statistically correlated.

    - **Examples** (for each entry of the assemblies list):
        - `{"sites_in_groups": [[0], [1]], "group_probabilities: [0.3, 0.7]}`: the first site and the second site never occur at the same time in the unit cell.
          Statistically, 30 % of the times the first site is present, while 70 % of the times the second site is present.
        - `{"sites_in_groups": [[1,2], [3]], "group_probabilities: [0.3, 0.7]}`: the second and third site are either present together or not present; they form the first group of atoms for this assembly.
          The second group is formed by the fourth site. Sites of the first group (the second and the third) are never present at the same time as the fourth site.
          30 % of times sites 1 and 2 are present (and site 3 is absent); 70 % of times site 3 is present (and sites 1 and 2 are absent).

    """

    sites_in_groups: Annotated[
        list[list[int]],
        OptimadeField(
            description="""Index of the sites (0-based) that belong to each group for each assembly.

- **Examples**:
    - `[[1], [2]]`: two groups, one with the second site, one with the third.
    - `[[1,2], [3]]`: one group with the second and third site, one with the fourth.""",
            support=SupportLevel.MUST,
            queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
        ),
    ]

    group_probabilities: Annotated[
        list[float],
        OptimadeField(
            description="""Statistical probability of each group. It MUST have the same length as `sites_in_groups`.
It SHOULD sum to one.
See below for examples of how to specify the probability of the occurrence of a vacancy.
The possible reasons for the values not to sum to one are the same as already specified above for the `concentration` of each `species`.""",
            support=SupportLevel.MUST,
            queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
        ),
    ]

    @field_validator("sites_in_groups", mode="after")
    @classmethod
    def validate_sites_in_groups(cls, value: list[list[int]]) -> list[list[int]]:
        sites = []
        for group in value:
            sites.extend(group)
        if len(set(sites)) != len(sites):
            raise ValueError(
                f"A site MUST NOT appear in more than one group. Given value: {value}"
            )
        return value

    @model_validator(mode="after")
    def check_self_consistency(self) -> "Assembly":
        if len(self.group_probabilities) != len(self.sites_in_groups):
            raise ValueError(
                f"sites_in_groups and group_probabilities MUST be of same length, "
                f"but are {len(self.sites_in_groups)} and {len(self.group_probabilities)}, "
                "respectively"
            )
        return self

group_probabilities: Annotated[list[float], OptimadeField(description='Statistical probability of each group. It MUST have the same length as `sites_in_groups`.\nIt SHOULD sum to one.\nSee below for examples of how to specify the probability of the occurrence of a vacancy.\nThe possible reasons for the values not to sum to one are the same as already specified above for the `concentration` of each `species`.', support=SupportLevel.MUST, queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL)] instance-attribute

sites_in_groups: Annotated[list[list[int]], OptimadeField(description='Index of the sites (0-based) that belong to each group for each assembly.\n\n- **Examples**:\n - `[[1], [2]]`: two groups, one with the second site, one with the third.\n - `[[1,2], [3]]`: one group with the second and third site, one with the fourth.', support=SupportLevel.MUST, queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL)] instance-attribute

check_self_consistency()

Source code in optimade/models/structures.py 
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@model_validator(mode="after")
def check_self_consistency(self) -> "Assembly":
    if len(self.group_probabilities) != len(self.sites_in_groups):
        raise ValueError(
            f"sites_in_groups and group_probabilities MUST be of same length, "
            f"but are {len(self.sites_in_groups)} and {len(self.group_probabilities)}, "
            "respectively"
        )
    return self

validate_sites_in_groups(value) classmethod

Source code in optimade/models/structures.py 
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@field_validator("sites_in_groups", mode="after")
@classmethod
def validate_sites_in_groups(cls, value: list[list[int]]) -> list[list[int]]:
    sites = []
    for group in value:
        sites.extend(group)
    if len(set(sites)) != len(sites):
        raise ValueError(
            f"A site MUST NOT appear in more than one group. Given value: {value}"
        )
    return value

Attributes

Bases: BaseModel

Members of the attributes object ("attributes") represent information about the resource object in which it's defined. The keys for Attributes MUST NOT be: relationships links id type

Source code in optimade/models/jsonapi.py 
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class Attributes(BaseModel):
    """
    Members of the attributes object ("attributes\") represent information about the resource object in which it's defined.
    The keys for Attributes MUST NOT be:
        relationships
        links
        id
        type
    """

    model_config = ConfigDict(extra="allow")

    @model_validator(mode="after")
    def check_illegal_attributes_fields(self) -> "Attributes":
        illegal_fields = ("relationships", "links", "id", "type")
        for field in illegal_fields:
            if hasattr(self, field):
                raise ValueError(
                    f"{illegal_fields} MUST NOT be fields under Attributes"
                )
        return self

model_config = ConfigDict(extra='allow') class-attribute instance-attribute

check_illegal_attributes_fields()

Source code in optimade/models/jsonapi.py 
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@model_validator(mode="after")
def check_illegal_attributes_fields(self) -> "Attributes":
    illegal_fields = ("relationships", "links", "id", "type")
    for field in illegal_fields:
        if hasattr(self, field):
            raise ValueError(
                f"{illegal_fields} MUST NOT be fields under Attributes"
            )
    return self

AvailableApiVersion

Bases: BaseModel

A JSON object containing information about an available API version

Source code in optimade/models/baseinfo.py 
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class AvailableApiVersion(BaseModel):
    """A JSON object containing information about an available API version"""

    url: Annotated[
        AnyHttpUrl,
        StrictField(
            description="A string specifying a versioned base URL that MUST adhere to the rules in section Base URL",
            json_schema_extra={
                "pattern": VERSIONED_BASE_URL_PATTERN,
            },
        ),
    ]

    version: Annotated[
        SemanticVersion,
        StrictField(
            description="""A string containing the full version number of the API served at that versioned base URL.
The version number string MUST NOT be prefixed by, e.g., 'v'.
Examples: `1.0.0`, `1.0.0-rc.2`.""",
        ),
    ]

    @field_validator("url", mode="after")
    @classmethod
    def url_must_be_versioned_base_Url(cls, value: AnyHttpUrl) -> AnyHttpUrl:
        """The URL must be a versioned base URL"""
        if not re.match(VERSIONED_BASE_URL_PATTERN, str(value)):
            raise ValueError(
                f"URL {value} must be a versioned base URL (i.e., must match the "
                f"pattern '{VERSIONED_BASE_URL_PATTERN}')"
            )
        return value

    @model_validator(mode="after")
    def crosscheck_url_and_version(self) -> "AvailableApiVersion":
        """Check that URL version and API version are compatible."""
        url = (
            str(self.url)
            .split("/")[-2 if str(self.url).endswith("/") else -1]
            .replace("v", "")
        )
        # as with version urls, we need to split any release tags or build metadata out of these URLs
        url_version = tuple(
            int(val) for val in url.split("-")[0].split("+")[0].split(".")
        )
        api_version = tuple(
            int(val) for val in str(self.version).split("-")[0].split("+")[0].split(".")
        )
        if any(a != b for a, b in zip(url_version, api_version)):
            raise ValueError(
                f"API version {api_version} is not compatible with url version {url_version}."
            )
        return self

url: Annotated[AnyHttpUrl, StrictField(description='A string specifying a versioned base URL that MUST adhere to the rules in section Base URL', json_schema_extra={pattern: VERSIONED_BASE_URL_PATTERN})] instance-attribute

version: Annotated[SemanticVersion, StrictField(description="A string containing the full version number of the API served at that versioned base URL.\nThe version number string MUST NOT be prefixed by, e.g., 'v'.\nExamples: `1.0.0`, `1.0.0-rc.2`.")] instance-attribute

crosscheck_url_and_version()

Check that URL version and API version are compatible.

Source code in optimade/models/baseinfo.py 
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@model_validator(mode="after")
def crosscheck_url_and_version(self) -> "AvailableApiVersion":
    """Check that URL version and API version are compatible."""
    url = (
        str(self.url)
        .split("/")[-2 if str(self.url).endswith("/") else -1]
        .replace("v", "")
    )
    # as with version urls, we need to split any release tags or build metadata out of these URLs
    url_version = tuple(
        int(val) for val in url.split("-")[0].split("+")[0].split(".")
    )
    api_version = tuple(
        int(val) for val in str(self.version).split("-")[0].split("+")[0].split(".")
    )
    if any(a != b for a, b in zip(url_version, api_version)):
        raise ValueError(
            f"API version {api_version} is not compatible with url version {url_version}."
        )
    return self

url_must_be_versioned_base_Url(value) classmethod

The URL must be a versioned base URL

Source code in optimade/models/baseinfo.py 
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@field_validator("url", mode="after")
@classmethod
def url_must_be_versioned_base_Url(cls, value: AnyHttpUrl) -> AnyHttpUrl:
    """The URL must be a versioned base URL"""
    if not re.match(VERSIONED_BASE_URL_PATTERN, str(value)):
        raise ValueError(
            f"URL {value} must be a versioned base URL (i.e., must match the "
            f"pattern '{VERSIONED_BASE_URL_PATTERN}')"
        )
    return value

BaseInfoAttributes

Bases: BaseModel

Attributes for Base URL Info endpoint

Source code in optimade/models/baseinfo.py 
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class BaseInfoAttributes(BaseModel):
    """Attributes for Base URL Info endpoint"""

    api_version: Annotated[
        SemanticVersion,
        StrictField(
            description="""Presently used full version of the OPTIMADE API.
The version number string MUST NOT be prefixed by, e.g., "v".
Examples: `1.0.0`, `1.0.0-rc.2`.""",
        ),
    ]
    available_api_versions: Annotated[
        list[AvailableApiVersion],
        StrictField(
            description="A list of dictionaries of available API versions at other base URLs",
        ),
    ]
    formats: Annotated[
        list[str], StrictField(description="List of available output formats.")
    ] = ["json"]
    available_endpoints: Annotated[
        list[str],
        StrictField(
            description="List of available endpoints (i.e., the string to be appended to the versioned base URL).",
        ),
    ]
    entry_types_by_format: Annotated[
        dict[str, list[str]],
        StrictField(
            description="Available entry endpoints as a function of output formats."
        ),
    ]
    is_index: Annotated[
        bool | None,
        StrictField(
            description="If true, this is an index meta-database base URL (see section Index Meta-Database). "
            "If this member is not provided, the client MUST assume this is not an index meta-database base URL "
            "(i.e., the default is for `is_index` to be `false`).",
        ),
    ] = False

    @model_validator(mode="after")
    def formats_and_endpoints_must_be_valid(self) -> "BaseInfoAttributes":
        for format_, endpoints in self.entry_types_by_format.items():
            if format_ not in self.formats:
                raise ValueError(f"'{format_}' must be listed in formats to be valid")
            for endpoint in endpoints:
                if endpoint not in self.available_endpoints:
                    raise ValueError(
                        f"'{endpoint}' must be listed in available_endpoints to be valid"
                    )
        return self

api_version: Annotated[SemanticVersion, StrictField(description='Presently used full version of the OPTIMADE API.\nThe version number string MUST NOT be prefixed by, e.g., "v".\nExamples: `1.0.0`, `1.0.0-rc.2`.')] instance-attribute

available_api_versions: Annotated[list[AvailableApiVersion], StrictField(description='A list of dictionaries of available API versions at other base URLs')] instance-attribute

available_endpoints: Annotated[list[str], StrictField(description='List of available endpoints (i.e., the string to be appended to the versioned base URL).')] instance-attribute

entry_types_by_format: Annotated[dict[str, list[str]], StrictField(description='Available entry endpoints as a function of output formats.')] instance-attribute

formats: Annotated[list[str], StrictField(description='List of available output formats.')] = ['json'] class-attribute instance-attribute

is_index: Annotated[bool | None, StrictField(description='If true, this is an index meta-database base URL (see section Index Meta-Database). If this member is not provided, the client MUST assume this is not an index meta-database base URL (i.e., the default is for `is_index` to be `false`).')] = False class-attribute instance-attribute

formats_and_endpoints_must_be_valid()

Source code in optimade/models/baseinfo.py 
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@model_validator(mode="after")
def formats_and_endpoints_must_be_valid(self) -> "BaseInfoAttributes":
    for format_, endpoints in self.entry_types_by_format.items():
        if format_ not in self.formats:
            raise ValueError(f"'{format_}' must be listed in formats to be valid")
        for endpoint in endpoints:
            if endpoint not in self.available_endpoints:
                raise ValueError(
                    f"'{endpoint}' must be listed in available_endpoints to be valid"
                )
    return self

BaseInfoResource

Bases: Resource

Source code in optimade/models/baseinfo.py 
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class BaseInfoResource(Resource):
    id: Literal["/"] = "/"
    type: Literal["info"] = "info"
    attributes: BaseInfoAttributes

attributes: BaseInfoAttributes instance-attribute

id: Literal['/'] = '/' class-attribute instance-attribute

meta: Annotated[Meta | None, StrictField(description='a meta object containing non-standard meta-information about a resource that can not be represented as an attribute or relationship.')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

model_config = ConfigDict(json_schema_extra=resource_json_schema_extra) class-attribute instance-attribute

relationships: Annotated[Relationships | None, StrictField(description='[Relationships object](https://jsonapi.org/format/1.0/#document-resource-object-relationships)\ndescribing relationships between the resource and other JSON API resources.')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

type: Literal['info'] = 'info' class-attribute instance-attribute

BaseRelationshipMeta

Bases: Meta

Specific meta field for base relationship resource

Source code in optimade/models/optimade_json.py 
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class BaseRelationshipMeta(jsonapi.Meta):
    """Specific meta field for base relationship resource"""

    description: Annotated[
        str,
        StrictField(
            description="OPTIONAL human-readable description of the relationship."
        ),
    ]

description: Annotated[str, StrictField(description='OPTIONAL human-readable description of the relationship.')] instance-attribute

model_config = ConfigDict(extra='allow') class-attribute instance-attribute

BaseRelationshipResource

Bases: BaseResource

Minimum requirements to represent a relationship resource

Source code in optimade/models/optimade_json.py 
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class BaseRelationshipResource(jsonapi.BaseResource):
    """Minimum requirements to represent a relationship resource"""

    meta: Annotated[
        BaseRelationshipMeta | None,
        StrictField(
            description="Relationship meta field. MUST contain 'description' if supplied.",
        ),
    ] = None

id: Annotated[str, StrictField(description='Resource ID')] instance-attribute

meta: Annotated[BaseRelationshipMeta | None, StrictField(description="Relationship meta field. MUST contain 'description' if supplied.")] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

model_config = ConfigDict(json_schema_extra=resource_json_schema_extra) class-attribute instance-attribute

type: Annotated[str, StrictField(description='Resource type')] instance-attribute

BaseResource

Bases: BaseModel

Minimum requirements to represent a Resource

Source code in optimade/models/jsonapi.py 
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class BaseResource(BaseModel):
    """Minimum requirements to represent a Resource"""

    model_config = ConfigDict(json_schema_extra=resource_json_schema_extra)

    id: Annotated[str, StrictField(description="Resource ID")]
    type: Annotated[str, StrictField(description="Resource type")]

id: Annotated[str, StrictField(description='Resource ID')] instance-attribute

model_config = ConfigDict(json_schema_extra=resource_json_schema_extra) class-attribute instance-attribute

type: Annotated[str, StrictField(description='Resource type')] instance-attribute

DataType

Bases: Enum

Optimade Data types

See the section "Data types" in the OPTIMADE API specification for more information.

Source code in optimade/models/optimade_json.py 
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class DataType(Enum):
    """Optimade Data types

    See the section "Data types" in the OPTIMADE API specification for more information.
    """

    STRING = "string"
    INTEGER = "integer"
    FLOAT = "float"
    BOOLEAN = "boolean"
    TIMESTAMP = "timestamp"
    LIST = "list"
    DICTIONARY = "dictionary"
    UNKNOWN = "unknown"

    @classmethod
    def get_values(cls) -> list[str]:
        """Get OPTIMADE data types (enum values) as a (sorted) list"""
        return sorted(_.value for _ in cls)

    @classmethod
    def from_python_type(cls, python_type: type | str | object) -> Optional["DataType"]:
        """Get OPTIMADE data type from a Python type"""
        mapping = {
            "bool": cls.BOOLEAN,
            "int": cls.INTEGER,
            "float": cls.FLOAT,
            "complex": None,
            "generator": cls.LIST,
            "list": cls.LIST,
            "tuple": cls.LIST,
            "range": cls.LIST,
            "hash": cls.INTEGER,
            "str": cls.STRING,
            "bytes": cls.STRING,
            "bytearray": None,
            "memoryview": None,
            "set": cls.LIST,
            "frozenset": cls.LIST,
            "dict": cls.DICTIONARY,
            "dict_keys": cls.LIST,
            "dict_values": cls.LIST,
            "dict_items": cls.LIST,
            "Nonetype": cls.UNKNOWN,
            "None": cls.UNKNOWN,
            "datetime": cls.TIMESTAMP,
            "date": cls.TIMESTAMP,
            "time": cls.TIMESTAMP,
            "datetime.datetime": cls.TIMESTAMP,
            "datetime.date": cls.TIMESTAMP,
            "datetime.time": cls.TIMESTAMP,
        }

        if isinstance(python_type, type):
            python_type = python_type.__name__
        elif isinstance(python_type, object):
            if str(python_type) in mapping:
                python_type = str(python_type)
            else:
                python_type = type(python_type).__name__

        return mapping.get(python_type, None)

    @classmethod
    def from_json_type(cls, json_type: str) -> Optional["DataType"]:
        """Get OPTIMADE data type from a named JSON type"""
        mapping = {
            "string": cls.STRING,
            "integer": cls.INTEGER,
            "number": cls.FLOAT,  # actually includes both integer and float
            "object": cls.DICTIONARY,
            "array": cls.LIST,
            "boolean": cls.BOOLEAN,
            "null": cls.UNKNOWN,
            # OpenAPI "format"s:
            "double": cls.FLOAT,
            "float": cls.FLOAT,
            "int32": cls.INTEGER,
            "int64": cls.INTEGER,
            "date": cls.TIMESTAMP,
            "date-time": cls.TIMESTAMP,
            "password": cls.STRING,
            "byte": cls.STRING,
            "binary": cls.STRING,
            # Non-OpenAPI "format"s, but may still be used by pydantic/FastAPI
            "email": cls.STRING,
            "uuid": cls.STRING,
            "uri": cls.STRING,
            "hostname": cls.STRING,
            "ipv4": cls.STRING,
            "ipv6": cls.STRING,
        }

        return mapping.get(json_type, None)

BOOLEAN = 'boolean' class-attribute instance-attribute

DICTIONARY = 'dictionary' class-attribute instance-attribute

FLOAT = 'float' class-attribute instance-attribute

INTEGER = 'integer' class-attribute instance-attribute

LIST = 'list' class-attribute instance-attribute

STRING = 'string' class-attribute instance-attribute

TIMESTAMP = 'timestamp' class-attribute instance-attribute

UNKNOWN = 'unknown' class-attribute instance-attribute

from_json_type(json_type) classmethod

Get OPTIMADE data type from a named JSON type

Source code in optimade/models/optimade_json.py 
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@classmethod
def from_json_type(cls, json_type: str) -> Optional["DataType"]:
    """Get OPTIMADE data type from a named JSON type"""
    mapping = {
        "string": cls.STRING,
        "integer": cls.INTEGER,
        "number": cls.FLOAT,  # actually includes both integer and float
        "object": cls.DICTIONARY,
        "array": cls.LIST,
        "boolean": cls.BOOLEAN,
        "null": cls.UNKNOWN,
        # OpenAPI "format"s:
        "double": cls.FLOAT,
        "float": cls.FLOAT,
        "int32": cls.INTEGER,
        "int64": cls.INTEGER,
        "date": cls.TIMESTAMP,
        "date-time": cls.TIMESTAMP,
        "password": cls.STRING,
        "byte": cls.STRING,
        "binary": cls.STRING,
        # Non-OpenAPI "format"s, but may still be used by pydantic/FastAPI
        "email": cls.STRING,
        "uuid": cls.STRING,
        "uri": cls.STRING,
        "hostname": cls.STRING,
        "ipv4": cls.STRING,
        "ipv6": cls.STRING,
    }

    return mapping.get(json_type, None)

from_python_type(python_type) classmethod

Get OPTIMADE data type from a Python type

Source code in optimade/models/optimade_json.py 
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@classmethod
def from_python_type(cls, python_type: type | str | object) -> Optional["DataType"]:
    """Get OPTIMADE data type from a Python type"""
    mapping = {
        "bool": cls.BOOLEAN,
        "int": cls.INTEGER,
        "float": cls.FLOAT,
        "complex": None,
        "generator": cls.LIST,
        "list": cls.LIST,
        "tuple": cls.LIST,
        "range": cls.LIST,
        "hash": cls.INTEGER,
        "str": cls.STRING,
        "bytes": cls.STRING,
        "bytearray": None,
        "memoryview": None,
        "set": cls.LIST,
        "frozenset": cls.LIST,
        "dict": cls.DICTIONARY,
        "dict_keys": cls.LIST,
        "dict_values": cls.LIST,
        "dict_items": cls.LIST,
        "Nonetype": cls.UNKNOWN,
        "None": cls.UNKNOWN,
        "datetime": cls.TIMESTAMP,
        "date": cls.TIMESTAMP,
        "time": cls.TIMESTAMP,
        "datetime.datetime": cls.TIMESTAMP,
        "datetime.date": cls.TIMESTAMP,
        "datetime.time": cls.TIMESTAMP,
    }

    if isinstance(python_type, type):
        python_type = python_type.__name__
    elif isinstance(python_type, object):
        if str(python_type) in mapping:
            python_type = str(python_type)
        else:
            python_type = type(python_type).__name__

    return mapping.get(python_type, None)

get_values() classmethod

Get OPTIMADE data types (enum values) as a (sorted) list

Source code in optimade/models/optimade_json.py 
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@classmethod
def get_values(cls) -> list[str]:
    """Get OPTIMADE data types (enum values) as a (sorted) list"""
    return sorted(_.value for _ in cls)

EntryInfoProperty

Bases: BaseModel

Source code in optimade/models/entries.py 
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class EntryInfoProperty(BaseModel):
    description: Annotated[
        str,
        StrictField(description="A human-readable description of the entry property"),
    ]

    unit: Annotated[
        str | None,
        StrictField(
            description="""The physical unit of the entry property.
This MUST be a valid representation of units according to version 2.1 of [The Unified Code for Units of Measure](https://unitsofmeasure.org/ucum.html).
It is RECOMMENDED that non-standard (non-SI) units are described in the description for the property.""",
        ),
    ] = None

    sortable: Annotated[
        bool | None,
        StrictField(
            description="""Defines whether the entry property can be used for sorting with the "sort" parameter.
If the entry listing endpoint supports sorting, this key MUST be present for sortable properties with value `true`.""",
        ),
    ] = None

    type: Annotated[
        DataType | None,
        StrictField(
            title="Type",
            description="""The type of the property's value.
This MUST be any of the types defined in the Data types section.
For the purpose of compatibility with future versions of this specification, a client MUST accept values that are not `string` values specifying any of the OPTIMADE Data types, but MUST then also disregard the `type` field.
Note, if the value is a nested type, only the outermost type should be reported.
E.g., for the entry resource `structures`, the `species` property is defined as a list of dictionaries, hence its `type` value would be `list`.""",
        ),
    ] = None

description: Annotated[str, StrictField(description='A human-readable description of the entry property')] instance-attribute

sortable: Annotated[bool | None, StrictField(description='Defines whether the entry property can be used for sorting with the "sort" parameter.\nIf the entry listing endpoint supports sorting, this key MUST be present for sortable properties with value `true`.')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

type: Annotated[DataType | None, StrictField(title=Type, description="The type of the property's value.\nThis MUST be any of the types defined in the Data types section.\nFor the purpose of compatibility with future versions of this specification, a client MUST accept values that are not `string` values specifying any of the OPTIMADE Data types, but MUST then also disregard the `type` field.\nNote, if the value is a nested type, only the outermost type should be reported.\nE.g., for the entry resource `structures`, the `species` property is defined as a list of dictionaries, hence its `type` value would be `list`.")] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

unit: Annotated[str | None, StrictField(description='The physical unit of the entry property.\nThis MUST be a valid representation of units according to version 2.1 of [The Unified Code for Units of Measure](https://unitsofmeasure.org/ucum.html).\nIt is RECOMMENDED that non-standard (non-SI) units are described in the description for the property.')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

EntryInfoResource

Bases: BaseModel

Source code in optimade/models/entries.py 
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class EntryInfoResource(BaseModel):
    formats: Annotated[
        list[str],
        StrictField(
            description="List of output formats available for this type of entry."
        ),
    ]

    description: Annotated[str, StrictField(description="Description of the entry.")]

    properties: Annotated[
        dict[ValidIdentifier, EntryInfoProperty],
        StrictField(
            description="A dictionary describing queryable properties for this entry type, where each key is a property name.",
        ),
    ]

    output_fields_by_format: Annotated[
        dict[str, list[ValidIdentifier]],
        StrictField(
            description="Dictionary of available output fields for this entry type, where the keys are the values of the `formats` list and the values are the keys of the `properties` dictionary.",
        ),
    ]

description: Annotated[str, StrictField(description='Description of the entry.')] instance-attribute

formats: Annotated[list[str], StrictField(description='List of output formats available for this type of entry.')] instance-attribute

output_fields_by_format: Annotated[dict[str, list[ValidIdentifier]], StrictField(description='Dictionary of available output fields for this entry type, where the keys are the values of the `formats` list and the values are the keys of the `properties` dictionary.')] instance-attribute

properties: Annotated[dict[ValidIdentifier, EntryInfoProperty], StrictField(description='A dictionary describing queryable properties for this entry type, where each key is a property name.')] instance-attribute

EntryInfoResponse

Bases: Success

Source code in optimade/models/responses.py 
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class EntryInfoResponse(Success):
    data: Annotated[
        EntryInfoResource,
        StrictField(description="OPTIMADE information for an entry endpoint."),
    ]

data: Annotated[EntryInfoResource, StrictField(description='OPTIMADE information for an entry endpoint.')] instance-attribute

errors: Annotated[list[Error] | None, StrictField(description='A list of unique errors', uniqueItems=True)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

included: Annotated[list[Resource] | None, StrictField(description='A list of unique included resources', uniqueItems=True)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

jsonapi: Annotated[JsonApi | None, StrictField(description='Information about the JSON API used')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

meta: Annotated[ResponseMeta, StrictField(description='A meta object containing non-standard information')] instance-attribute

model_config = ConfigDict(json_encoders={datetime: lambda v: v.astimezone(timezone.utc).strftime('%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ')}) class-attribute instance-attribute

The specification mandates that datetimes must be encoded following RFC3339, which does not support fractional seconds, thus they must be stripped in the response. This can cause issues when the underlying database contains fields that do include microseconds, as filters may return unexpected results.

either_data_meta_or_errors_must_be_set()

Overwriting the existing validation function, since 'errors' MUST NOT be set.

Source code in optimade/models/optimade_json.py 
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@model_validator(mode="after")
def either_data_meta_or_errors_must_be_set(self) -> "Success":
    """Overwriting the existing validation function, since 'errors' MUST NOT be set."""
    required_fields = ("data", "meta")
    if not any(field in self.model_fields_set for field in required_fields):
        raise ValueError(
            f"At least one of {required_fields} MUST be specified in the top-level response."
        )

    # errors MUST be skipped
    if self.errors or "errors" in self.model_fields_set:
        raise ValueError("'errors' MUST be skipped for a successful response.")

    return self

EntryRelationships

Bases: Relationships

This model wraps the JSON API Relationships to include type-specific top level keys.

Source code in optimade/models/entries.py 
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class EntryRelationships(Relationships):
    """This model wraps the JSON API Relationships to include type-specific top level keys."""

    references: Annotated[
        ReferenceRelationship | None,
        StrictField(
            description="Object containing links to relationships with entries of the `references` type.",
        ),
    ] = None

    structures: Annotated[
        StructureRelationship | None,
        StrictField(
            description="Object containing links to relationships with entries of the `structures` type.",
        ),
    ] = None

references: Annotated[ReferenceRelationship | None, StrictField(description='Object containing links to relationships with entries of the `references` type.')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

structures: Annotated[StructureRelationship | None, StrictField(description='Object containing links to relationships with entries of the `structures` type.')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

check_illegal_relationships_fields()

Source code in optimade/models/jsonapi.py 
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@model_validator(mode="after")
def check_illegal_relationships_fields(self) -> "Relationships":
    illegal_fields = ("id", "type")
    for field in illegal_fields:
        if hasattr(self, field):
            raise ValueError(
                f"{illegal_fields} MUST NOT be fields under Relationships"
            )
    return self

EntryResource

Bases: Resource

The base model for an entry resource.

Source code in optimade/models/entries.py 
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class EntryResource(Resource):
    """The base model for an entry resource."""

    id: Annotated[
        str,
        OptimadeField(
            description="""An entry's ID as defined in section Definition of Terms.

- **Type**: string.

- **Requirements/Conventions**:
    - **Support**: MUST be supported by all implementations, MUST NOT be `null`.
    - **Query**: MUST be a queryable property with support for all mandatory filter features.
    - **Response**: REQUIRED in the response.

- **Examples**:
    - `"db/1234567"`
    - `"cod/2000000"`
    - `"cod/2000000@1234567"`
    - `"nomad/L1234567890"`
    - `"42"`""",
            support=SupportLevel.MUST,
            queryable=SupportLevel.MUST,
        ),
    ]

    type: Annotated[
        str,
        OptimadeField(
            description="""The name of the type of an entry.

- **Type**: string.

- **Requirements/Conventions**:
    - **Support**: MUST be supported by all implementations, MUST NOT be `null`.
    - **Query**: MUST be a queryable property with support for all mandatory filter features.
    - **Response**: REQUIRED in the response.
    - MUST be an existing entry type.
    - The entry of type `<type>` and ID `<id>` MUST be returned in response to a request for `/<type>/<id>` under the versioned base URL.

- **Example**: `"structures"`""",
            support=SupportLevel.MUST,
            queryable=SupportLevel.MUST,
        ),
    ]

    attributes: Annotated[
        EntryResourceAttributes,
        StrictField(
            description="""A dictionary, containing key-value pairs representing the entry's properties, except for `type` and `id`.
Database-provider-specific properties need to include the database-provider-specific prefix (see section on Database-Provider-Specific Namespace Prefixes).""",
        ),
    ]

    relationships: Annotated[
        EntryRelationships | None,
        StrictField(
            description="""A dictionary containing references to other entries according to the description in section Relationships encoded as [JSON API Relationships](https://jsonapi.org/format/1.0/#document-resource-object-relationships).
The OPTIONAL human-readable description of the relationship MAY be provided in the `description` field inside the `meta` dictionary of the JSON API resource identifier object.""",
        ),
    ] = None

attributes: Annotated[EntryResourceAttributes, StrictField(description="A dictionary, containing key-value pairs representing the entry's properties, except for `type` and `id`.\nDatabase-provider-specific properties need to include the database-provider-specific prefix (see section on Database-Provider-Specific Namespace Prefixes).")] instance-attribute

id: Annotated[str, OptimadeField(description='An entry\'s ID as defined in section Definition of Terms.\n\n- **Type**: string.\n\n- **Requirements/Conventions**:\n - **Support**: MUST be supported by all implementations, MUST NOT be `null`.\n - **Query**: MUST be a queryable property with support for all mandatory filter features.\n - **Response**: REQUIRED in the response.\n\n- **Examples**:\n - `"db/1234567"`\n - `"cod/2000000"`\n - `"cod/2000000@1234567"`\n - `"nomad/L1234567890"`\n - `"42"`', support=SupportLevel.MUST, queryable=SupportLevel.MUST)] instance-attribute

meta: Annotated[Meta | None, StrictField(description='a meta object containing non-standard meta-information about a resource that can not be represented as an attribute or relationship.')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

model_config = ConfigDict(json_schema_extra=resource_json_schema_extra) class-attribute instance-attribute

relationships: Annotated[EntryRelationships | None, StrictField(description='A dictionary containing references to other entries according to the description in section Relationships encoded as [JSON API Relationships](https://jsonapi.org/format/1.0/#document-resource-object-relationships).\nThe OPTIONAL human-readable description of the relationship MAY be provided in the `description` field inside the `meta` dictionary of the JSON API resource identifier object.')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

type: Annotated[str, OptimadeField(description='The name of the type of an entry.\n\n- **Type**: string.\n\n- **Requirements/Conventions**:\n - **Support**: MUST be supported by all implementations, MUST NOT be `null`.\n - **Query**: MUST be a queryable property with support for all mandatory filter features.\n - **Response**: REQUIRED in the response.\n - MUST be an existing entry type.\n - The entry of type `<type>` and ID `<id>` MUST be returned in response to a request for `/<type>/<id>` under the versioned base URL.\n\n- **Example**: `"structures"`', support=SupportLevel.MUST, queryable=SupportLevel.MUST)] instance-attribute

EntryResourceAttributes

Bases: Attributes

Contains key-value pairs representing the entry's properties.

Source code in optimade/models/entries.py 
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class EntryResourceAttributes(Attributes):
    """Contains key-value pairs representing the entry's properties."""

    immutable_id: Annotated[
        str | None,
        OptimadeField(
            description="""The entry's immutable ID (e.g., an UUID). This is important for databases having preferred IDs that point to "the latest version" of a record, but still offer access to older variants. This ID maps to the version-specific record, in case it changes in the future.

- **Type**: string.

- **Requirements/Conventions**:
    - **Support**: OPTIONAL support in implementations, i.e., MAY be `null`.
    - **Query**: MUST be a queryable property with support for all mandatory filter features.

- **Examples**:
    - `"8bd3e750-b477-41a0-9b11-3a799f21b44f"`
    - `"fjeiwoj,54;@=%<>#32"` (Strings that are not URL-safe are allowed.)""",
            support=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
            queryable=SupportLevel.MUST,
        ),
    ] = None

    last_modified: Annotated[
        datetime | None,
        OptimadeField(
            description="""Date and time representing when the entry was last modified.

- **Type**: timestamp.

- **Requirements/Conventions**:
    - **Support**: SHOULD be supported by all implementations, i.e., SHOULD NOT be `null`.
    - **Query**: MUST be a queryable property with support for all mandatory filter features.
    - **Response**: REQUIRED in the response unless the query parameter `response_fields` is present and does not include this property.

- **Example**:
    - As part of JSON response format: `"2007-04-05T14:30:20Z"` (i.e., encoded as an [RFC 3339 Internet Date/Time Format](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3339#section-5.6) string.)""",
            support=SupportLevel.SHOULD,
            queryable=SupportLevel.MUST,
        ),
    ]

    @field_validator("immutable_id", mode="before")
    @classmethod
    def cast_immutable_id_to_str(cls, value: Any) -> str:
        """Convenience validator for casting `immutable_id` to a string."""
        if value is not None and not isinstance(value, str):
            value = str(value)

        return value

immutable_id: Annotated[str | None, OptimadeField(description='The entry\'s immutable ID (e.g., an UUID). This is important for databases having preferred IDs that point to "the latest version" of a record, but still offer access to older variants. This ID maps to the version-specific record, in case it changes in the future.\n\n- **Type**: string.\n\n- **Requirements/Conventions**:\n - **Support**: OPTIONAL support in implementations, i.e., MAY be `null`.\n - **Query**: MUST be a queryable property with support for all mandatory filter features.\n\n- **Examples**:\n - `"8bd3e750-b477-41a0-9b11-3a799f21b44f"`\n - `"fjeiwoj,54;@=%<>#32"` (Strings that are not URL-safe are allowed.)', support=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL, queryable=SupportLevel.MUST)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

last_modified: Annotated[datetime | None, OptimadeField(description='Date and time representing when the entry was last modified.\n\n- **Type**: timestamp.\n\n- **Requirements/Conventions**:\n - **Support**: SHOULD be supported by all implementations, i.e., SHOULD NOT be `null`.\n - **Query**: MUST be a queryable property with support for all mandatory filter features.\n - **Response**: REQUIRED in the response unless the query parameter `response_fields` is present and does not include this property.\n\n- **Example**:\n - As part of JSON response format: `"2007-04-05T14:30:20Z"` (i.e., encoded as an [RFC 3339 Internet Date/Time Format](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3339#section-5.6) string.)', support=SupportLevel.SHOULD, queryable=SupportLevel.MUST)] instance-attribute

model_config = ConfigDict(extra='allow') class-attribute instance-attribute

cast_immutable_id_to_str(value) classmethod

Convenience validator for casting immutable_id to a string.

Source code in optimade/models/entries.py 
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@field_validator("immutable_id", mode="before")
@classmethod
def cast_immutable_id_to_str(cls, value: Any) -> str:
    """Convenience validator for casting `immutable_id` to a string."""
    if value is not None and not isinstance(value, str):
        value = str(value)

    return value

check_illegal_attributes_fields()

Source code in optimade/models/jsonapi.py 
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@model_validator(mode="after")
def check_illegal_attributes_fields(self) -> "Attributes":
    illegal_fields = ("relationships", "links", "id", "type")
    for field in illegal_fields:
        if hasattr(self, field):
            raise ValueError(
                f"{illegal_fields} MUST NOT be fields under Attributes"
            )
    return self

EntryResponseMany

Bases: Success

Source code in optimade/models/responses.py 
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class EntryResponseMany(Success):
    data: Annotated[  # type: ignore[assignment]
        list[EntryResource] | list[dict[str, Any]],
        StrictField(
            description="List of unique OPTIMADE entry resource objects.",
            uniqueItems=True,
            union_mode="left_to_right",
        ),
    ]
    included: Annotated[
        list[EntryResource] | list[dict[str, Any]] | None,
        StrictField(
            description="A list of unique included OPTIMADE entry resources.",
            uniqueItems=True,
            union_mode="left_to_right",
        ),
    ] = None  # type: ignore[assignment]

data: Annotated[list[EntryResource] | list[dict[str, Any]], StrictField(description='List of unique OPTIMADE entry resource objects.', uniqueItems=True, union_mode=left_to_right)] instance-attribute

errors: Annotated[list[Error] | None, StrictField(description='A list of unique errors', uniqueItems=True)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

included: Annotated[list[EntryResource] | list[dict[str, Any]] | None, StrictField(description='A list of unique included OPTIMADE entry resources.', uniqueItems=True, union_mode=left_to_right)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

jsonapi: Annotated[JsonApi | None, StrictField(description='Information about the JSON API used')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

meta: Annotated[ResponseMeta, StrictField(description='A meta object containing non-standard information')] instance-attribute

model_config = ConfigDict(json_encoders={datetime: lambda v: v.astimezone(timezone.utc).strftime('%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ')}) class-attribute instance-attribute

The specification mandates that datetimes must be encoded following RFC3339, which does not support fractional seconds, thus they must be stripped in the response. This can cause issues when the underlying database contains fields that do include microseconds, as filters may return unexpected results.

either_data_meta_or_errors_must_be_set()

Overwriting the existing validation function, since 'errors' MUST NOT be set.

Source code in optimade/models/optimade_json.py 
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@model_validator(mode="after")
def either_data_meta_or_errors_must_be_set(self) -> "Success":
    """Overwriting the existing validation function, since 'errors' MUST NOT be set."""
    required_fields = ("data", "meta")
    if not any(field in self.model_fields_set for field in required_fields):
        raise ValueError(
            f"At least one of {required_fields} MUST be specified in the top-level response."
        )

    # errors MUST be skipped
    if self.errors or "errors" in self.model_fields_set:
        raise ValueError("'errors' MUST be skipped for a successful response.")

    return self

EntryResponseOne

Bases: Success

Source code in optimade/models/responses.py 
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class EntryResponseOne(Success):
    data: Annotated[
        EntryResource | dict[str, Any] | None,
        StrictField(
            description="The single entry resource returned by this query.",
            union_mode="left_to_right",
        ),
    ] = None  # type: ignore[assignment]
    included: Annotated[
        list[EntryResource] | list[dict[str, Any]] | None,
        StrictField(
            description="A list of unique included OPTIMADE entry resources.",
            uniqueItems=True,
            union_mode="left_to_right",
        ),
    ] = None  # type: ignore[assignment]

data: Annotated[EntryResource | dict[str, Any] | None, StrictField(description='The single entry resource returned by this query.', union_mode=left_to_right)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

errors: Annotated[list[Error] | None, StrictField(description='A list of unique errors', uniqueItems=True)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

included: Annotated[list[EntryResource] | list[dict[str, Any]] | None, StrictField(description='A list of unique included OPTIMADE entry resources.', uniqueItems=True, union_mode=left_to_right)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

jsonapi: Annotated[JsonApi | None, StrictField(description='Information about the JSON API used')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

meta: Annotated[ResponseMeta, StrictField(description='A meta object containing non-standard information')] instance-attribute

model_config = ConfigDict(json_encoders={datetime: lambda v: v.astimezone(timezone.utc).strftime('%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ')}) class-attribute instance-attribute

The specification mandates that datetimes must be encoded following RFC3339, which does not support fractional seconds, thus they must be stripped in the response. This can cause issues when the underlying database contains fields that do include microseconds, as filters may return unexpected results.

either_data_meta_or_errors_must_be_set()

Overwriting the existing validation function, since 'errors' MUST NOT be set.

Source code in optimade/models/optimade_json.py 
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@model_validator(mode="after")
def either_data_meta_or_errors_must_be_set(self) -> "Success":
    """Overwriting the existing validation function, since 'errors' MUST NOT be set."""
    required_fields = ("data", "meta")
    if not any(field in self.model_fields_set for field in required_fields):
        raise ValueError(
            f"At least one of {required_fields} MUST be specified in the top-level response."
        )

    # errors MUST be skipped
    if self.errors or "errors" in self.model_fields_set:
        raise ValueError("'errors' MUST be skipped for a successful response.")

    return self

Bases: BaseModel

A Links object specific to Error objects

Source code in optimade/models/jsonapi.py 
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class ErrorLinks(BaseModel):
    """A Links object specific to Error objects"""

    about: Annotated[
        JsonLinkType | None,
        StrictField(
            description="A link that leads to further details about this particular occurrence of the problem.",
        ),
    ] = None

about: Annotated[JsonLinkType | None, StrictField(description='A link that leads to further details about this particular occurrence of the problem.')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

ErrorResponse

Bases: Response

errors MUST be present and data MUST be skipped

Source code in optimade/models/responses.py 
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class ErrorResponse(Response):
    """errors MUST be present and data MUST be skipped"""

    meta: Annotated[
        ResponseMeta,
        StrictField(description="A meta object containing non-standard information."),
    ]
    errors: Annotated[
        list[OptimadeError],
        StrictField(
            description="A list of OPTIMADE-specific JSON API error objects, where the field detail MUST be present.",
            uniqueItems=True,
        ),
    ]

    @model_validator(mode="after")
    def data_must_be_skipped(self) -> "ErrorResponse":
        if self.data or "data" in self.model_fields_set:
            raise ValueError("data MUST be skipped for failures reporting errors.")
        return self

data: Annotated[None | Resource | list[Resource] | None, StrictField(description='Outputted Data', uniqueItems=True)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

errors: Annotated[list[OptimadeError], StrictField(description='A list of OPTIMADE-specific JSON API error objects, where the field detail MUST be present.', uniqueItems=True)] instance-attribute

included: Annotated[list[Resource] | None, StrictField(description='A list of unique included resources', uniqueItems=True)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

jsonapi: Annotated[JsonApi | None, StrictField(description='Information about the JSON API used')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

meta: Annotated[ResponseMeta, StrictField(description='A meta object containing non-standard information.')] instance-attribute

model_config = ConfigDict(json_encoders={datetime: lambda v: v.astimezone(timezone.utc).strftime('%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ')}) class-attribute instance-attribute

The specification mandates that datetimes must be encoded following RFC3339, which does not support fractional seconds, thus they must be stripped in the response. This can cause issues when the underlying database contains fields that do include microseconds, as filters may return unexpected results.

data_must_be_skipped()

Source code in optimade/models/responses.py 
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@model_validator(mode="after")
def data_must_be_skipped(self) -> "ErrorResponse":
    if self.data or "data" in self.model_fields_set:
        raise ValueError("data MUST be skipped for failures reporting errors.")
    return self

either_data_meta_or_errors_must_be_set()

Source code in optimade/models/jsonapi.py 
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@model_validator(mode="after")
def either_data_meta_or_errors_must_be_set(self) -> "Response":
    required_fields = ("data", "meta", "errors")
    if not any(field in self.model_fields_set for field in required_fields):
        raise ValueError(
            f"At least one of {required_fields} MUST be specified in the top-level response"
        )
    if "errors" in self.model_fields_set and not self.errors:
        raise ValueError("Errors MUST NOT be an empty or 'null' value.")
    return self

ErrorSource

Bases: BaseModel

an object containing references to the source of the error

Source code in optimade/models/jsonapi.py 
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class ErrorSource(BaseModel):
    """an object containing references to the source of the error"""

    pointer: Annotated[
        str | None,
        StrictField(
            description="a JSON Pointer [RFC6901] to the associated entity in the request document "
            '[e.g. "/data" for a primary data object, or "/data/attributes/title" for a specific attribute].',
        ),
    ] = None
    parameter: Annotated[
        str | None,
        StrictField(
            description="a string indicating which URI query parameter caused the error.",
        ),
    ] = None

parameter: Annotated[str | None, StrictField(description='a string indicating which URI query parameter caused the error.')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

pointer: Annotated[str | None, StrictField(description='a JSON Pointer [RFC6901] to the associated entity in the request document [e.g. "/data" for a primary data object, or "/data/attributes/title" for a specific attribute].')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

Implementation

Bases: BaseModel

Information on the server implementation

Source code in optimade/models/optimade_json.py 
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class Implementation(BaseModel):
    """Information on the server implementation"""

    name: Annotated[
        str | None, StrictField(description="name of the implementation")
    ] = None

    version: Annotated[
        str | None,
        StrictField(description="version string of the current implementation"),
    ] = None

    homepage: Annotated[
        jsonapi.JsonLinkType | None,
        StrictField(
            description="A [JSON API links object](http://jsonapi.org/format/1.0/#document-links) pointing to the homepage of the implementation.",
        ),
    ] = None

    source_url: Annotated[
        jsonapi.JsonLinkType | None,
        StrictField(
            description="A [JSON API links object](http://jsonapi.org/format/1.0/#document-links) pointing to the implementation source, either downloadable archive or version control system.",
        ),
    ] = None

    maintainer: Annotated[
        ImplementationMaintainer | None,
        StrictField(
            description="A dictionary providing details about the maintainer of the implementation.",
        ),
    ] = None

    issue_tracker: Annotated[
        jsonapi.JsonLinkType | None,
        StrictField(
            description="A [JSON API links object](http://jsonapi.org/format/1.0/#document-links) pointing to the implementation's issue tracker.",
        ),
    ] = None

homepage: Annotated[jsonapi.JsonLinkType | None, StrictField(description='A [JSON API links object](http://jsonapi.org/format/1.0/#document-links) pointing to the homepage of the implementation.')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

issue_tracker: Annotated[jsonapi.JsonLinkType | None, StrictField(description="A [JSON API links object](http://jsonapi.org/format/1.0/#document-links) pointing to the implementation's issue tracker.")] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

maintainer: Annotated[ImplementationMaintainer | None, StrictField(description='A dictionary providing details about the maintainer of the implementation.')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

name: Annotated[str | None, StrictField(description='name of the implementation')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

source_url: Annotated[jsonapi.JsonLinkType | None, StrictField(description='A [JSON API links object](http://jsonapi.org/format/1.0/#document-links) pointing to the implementation source, either downloadable archive or version control system.')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

version: Annotated[str | None, StrictField(description='version string of the current implementation')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

ImplementationMaintainer

Bases: BaseModel

Details about the maintainer of the implementation

Source code in optimade/models/optimade_json.py 
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class ImplementationMaintainer(BaseModel):
    """Details about the maintainer of the implementation"""

    email: Annotated[
        EmailStr, StrictField(description="the maintainer's email address")
    ]

email: Annotated[EmailStr, StrictField(description="the maintainer's email address")] instance-attribute

IndexInfoAttributes

Bases: BaseInfoAttributes

Attributes for Base URL Info endpoint for an Index Meta-Database

Source code in optimade/models/index_metadb.py 
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class IndexInfoAttributes(BaseInfoAttributes):
    """Attributes for Base URL Info endpoint for an Index Meta-Database"""

    is_index: Annotated[
        bool,
        StrictField(
            description="This must be `true` since this is an index meta-database (see section Index Meta-Database).",
        ),
    ] = True

api_version: Annotated[SemanticVersion, StrictField(description='Presently used full version of the OPTIMADE API.\nThe version number string MUST NOT be prefixed by, e.g., "v".\nExamples: `1.0.0`, `1.0.0-rc.2`.')] instance-attribute

available_api_versions: Annotated[list[AvailableApiVersion], StrictField(description='A list of dictionaries of available API versions at other base URLs')] instance-attribute

available_endpoints: Annotated[list[str], StrictField(description='List of available endpoints (i.e., the string to be appended to the versioned base URL).')] instance-attribute

entry_types_by_format: Annotated[dict[str, list[str]], StrictField(description='Available entry endpoints as a function of output formats.')] instance-attribute

formats: Annotated[list[str], StrictField(description='List of available output formats.')] = ['json'] class-attribute instance-attribute

is_index: Annotated[bool, StrictField(description='This must be `true` since this is an index meta-database (see section Index Meta-Database).')] = True class-attribute instance-attribute

formats_and_endpoints_must_be_valid()

Source code in optimade/models/baseinfo.py 
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@model_validator(mode="after")
def formats_and_endpoints_must_be_valid(self) -> "BaseInfoAttributes":
    for format_, endpoints in self.entry_types_by_format.items():
        if format_ not in self.formats:
            raise ValueError(f"'{format_}' must be listed in formats to be valid")
        for endpoint in endpoints:
            if endpoint not in self.available_endpoints:
                raise ValueError(
                    f"'{endpoint}' must be listed in available_endpoints to be valid"
                )
    return self

IndexInfoResource

Bases: BaseInfoResource

Index Meta-Database Base URL Info endpoint resource

Source code in optimade/models/index_metadb.py 
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class IndexInfoResource(BaseInfoResource):
    """Index Meta-Database Base URL Info endpoint resource"""

    attributes: IndexInfoAttributes
    relationships: Annotated[  # type: ignore[assignment]
        dict[Literal["default"], IndexRelationship] | None,
        StrictField(
            title="Relationships",
            description="""Reference to the Links identifier object under the `links` endpoint that the provider has chosen as their 'default' OPTIMADE API database.
A client SHOULD present this database as the first choice when an end-user chooses this provider.""",
        ),
    ]

attributes: IndexInfoAttributes instance-attribute

id: Literal['/'] = '/' class-attribute instance-attribute

meta: Annotated[Meta | None, StrictField(description='a meta object containing non-standard meta-information about a resource that can not be represented as an attribute or relationship.')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

model_config = ConfigDict(json_schema_extra=resource_json_schema_extra) class-attribute instance-attribute

relationships: Annotated[dict[Literal['default'], IndexRelationship] | None, StrictField(title=Relationships, description="Reference to the Links identifier object under the `links` endpoint that the provider has chosen as their 'default' OPTIMADE API database.\nA client SHOULD present this database as the first choice when an end-user chooses this provider.")] instance-attribute

type: Literal['info'] = 'info' class-attribute instance-attribute

IndexInfoResponse

Bases: Success

Source code in optimade/models/responses.py 
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class IndexInfoResponse(Success):
    data: Annotated[
        IndexInfoResource, StrictField(description="Index meta-database /info data.")
    ]

data: Annotated[IndexInfoResource, StrictField(description='Index meta-database /info data.')] instance-attribute

errors: Annotated[list[Error] | None, StrictField(description='A list of unique errors', uniqueItems=True)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

included: Annotated[list[Resource] | None, StrictField(description='A list of unique included resources', uniqueItems=True)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

jsonapi: Annotated[JsonApi | None, StrictField(description='Information about the JSON API used')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

meta: Annotated[ResponseMeta, StrictField(description='A meta object containing non-standard information')] instance-attribute

model_config = ConfigDict(json_encoders={datetime: lambda v: v.astimezone(timezone.utc).strftime('%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ')}) class-attribute instance-attribute

The specification mandates that datetimes must be encoded following RFC3339, which does not support fractional seconds, thus they must be stripped in the response. This can cause issues when the underlying database contains fields that do include microseconds, as filters may return unexpected results.

either_data_meta_or_errors_must_be_set()

Overwriting the existing validation function, since 'errors' MUST NOT be set.

Source code in optimade/models/optimade_json.py 
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@model_validator(mode="after")
def either_data_meta_or_errors_must_be_set(self) -> "Success":
    """Overwriting the existing validation function, since 'errors' MUST NOT be set."""
    required_fields = ("data", "meta")
    if not any(field in self.model_fields_set for field in required_fields):
        raise ValueError(
            f"At least one of {required_fields} MUST be specified in the top-level response."
        )

    # errors MUST be skipped
    if self.errors or "errors" in self.model_fields_set:
        raise ValueError("'errors' MUST be skipped for a successful response.")

    return self

IndexRelationship

Bases: BaseModel

Index Meta-Database relationship

Source code in optimade/models/index_metadb.py 
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class IndexRelationship(BaseModel):
    """Index Meta-Database relationship"""

    data: Annotated[
        RelatedLinksResource | None,
        StrictField(
            description="""[JSON API resource linkage](http://jsonapi.org/format/1.0/#document-links).
It MUST be either `null` or contain a single Links identifier object with the fields `id` and `type`""",
        ),
    ]

data: Annotated[RelatedLinksResource | None, StrictField(description='[JSON API resource linkage](http://jsonapi.org/format/1.0/#document-links).\nIt MUST be either `null` or contain a single Links identifier object with the fields `id` and `type`')] instance-attribute

InfoResponse

Bases: Success

Source code in optimade/models/responses.py 
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class InfoResponse(Success):
    data: Annotated[
        BaseInfoResource, StrictField(description="The implementations /info data.")
    ]

data: Annotated[BaseInfoResource, StrictField(description='The implementations /info data.')] instance-attribute

errors: Annotated[list[Error] | None, StrictField(description='A list of unique errors', uniqueItems=True)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

included: Annotated[list[Resource] | None, StrictField(description='A list of unique included resources', uniqueItems=True)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

jsonapi: Annotated[JsonApi | None, StrictField(description='Information about the JSON API used')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

meta: Annotated[ResponseMeta, StrictField(description='A meta object containing non-standard information')] instance-attribute

model_config = ConfigDict(json_encoders={datetime: lambda v: v.astimezone(timezone.utc).strftime('%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ')}) class-attribute instance-attribute

The specification mandates that datetimes must be encoded following RFC3339, which does not support fractional seconds, thus they must be stripped in the response. This can cause issues when the underlying database contains fields that do include microseconds, as filters may return unexpected results.

either_data_meta_or_errors_must_be_set()

Overwriting the existing validation function, since 'errors' MUST NOT be set.

Source code in optimade/models/optimade_json.py 
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@model_validator(mode="after")
def either_data_meta_or_errors_must_be_set(self) -> "Success":
    """Overwriting the existing validation function, since 'errors' MUST NOT be set."""
    required_fields = ("data", "meta")
    if not any(field in self.model_fields_set for field in required_fields):
        raise ValueError(
            f"At least one of {required_fields} MUST be specified in the top-level response."
        )

    # errors MUST be skipped
    if self.errors or "errors" in self.model_fields_set:
        raise ValueError("'errors' MUST be skipped for a successful response.")

    return self

JsonApi

Bases: BaseModel

An object describing the server's implementation

Source code in optimade/models/jsonapi.py 
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class JsonApi(BaseModel):
    """An object describing the server's implementation"""

    version: Annotated[str, StrictField(description="Version of the json API used")] = (
        "1.0"
    )
    meta: Annotated[
        Meta | None, StrictField(description="Non-standard meta information")
    ] = None

meta: Annotated[Meta | None, StrictField(description='Non-standard meta information')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

version: Annotated[str, StrictField(description='Version of the json API used')] = '1.0' class-attribute instance-attribute

Bases: BaseModel

A link MUST be represented as either: a string containing the link's URL or a link object.

Source code in optimade/models/jsonapi.py 
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class Link(BaseModel):
    """A link **MUST** be represented as either: a string containing the link's URL or a link object."""

    href: Annotated[
        AnyUrl, StrictField(description="a string containing the link's URL.")
    ]
    meta: Annotated[
        Meta | None,
        StrictField(
            description="a meta object containing non-standard meta-information about the link.",
        ),
    ] = None

href: Annotated[AnyUrl, StrictField(description="a string containing the link's URL.")] instance-attribute

meta: Annotated[Meta | None, StrictField(description='a meta object containing non-standard meta-information about the link.')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

LinksResource

Bases: EntryResource

A Links endpoint resource object

Source code in optimade/models/links.py 
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class LinksResource(EntryResource):
    """A Links endpoint resource object"""

    type: Annotated[
        Literal["links"],
        StrictField(
            description="These objects are described in detail in the section Links Endpoint",
            pattern="^links$",
        ),
    ] = "links"

    attributes: Annotated[
        LinksResourceAttributes,
        StrictField(
            description="A dictionary containing key-value pairs representing the Links resource's properties.",
        ),
    ]

    @model_validator(mode="after")
    def relationships_must_not_be_present(self) -> "LinksResource":
        if self.relationships or "relationships" in self.model_fields_set:
            raise ValueError('"relationships" is not allowed for links resources')
        return self

attributes: Annotated[LinksResourceAttributes, StrictField(description="A dictionary containing key-value pairs representing the Links resource's properties.")] instance-attribute

id: Annotated[str, OptimadeField(description='An entry\'s ID as defined in section Definition of Terms.\n\n- **Type**: string.\n\n- **Requirements/Conventions**:\n - **Support**: MUST be supported by all implementations, MUST NOT be `null`.\n - **Query**: MUST be a queryable property with support for all mandatory filter features.\n - **Response**: REQUIRED in the response.\n\n- **Examples**:\n - `"db/1234567"`\n - `"cod/2000000"`\n - `"cod/2000000@1234567"`\n - `"nomad/L1234567890"`\n - `"42"`', support=SupportLevel.MUST, queryable=SupportLevel.MUST)] instance-attribute

meta: Annotated[Meta | None, StrictField(description='a meta object containing non-standard meta-information about a resource that can not be represented as an attribute or relationship.')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

model_config = ConfigDict(json_schema_extra=resource_json_schema_extra) class-attribute instance-attribute

relationships: Annotated[EntryRelationships | None, StrictField(description='A dictionary containing references to other entries according to the description in section Relationships encoded as [JSON API Relationships](https://jsonapi.org/format/1.0/#document-resource-object-relationships).\nThe OPTIONAL human-readable description of the relationship MAY be provided in the `description` field inside the `meta` dictionary of the JSON API resource identifier object.')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

type: Annotated[Literal['links'], StrictField(description='These objects are described in detail in the section Links Endpoint', pattern='^links$')] = 'links' class-attribute instance-attribute

relationships_must_not_be_present()

Source code in optimade/models/links.py 
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@model_validator(mode="after")
def relationships_must_not_be_present(self) -> "LinksResource":
    if self.relationships or "relationships" in self.model_fields_set:
        raise ValueError('"relationships" is not allowed for links resources')
    return self

LinksResourceAttributes

Bases: Attributes

Links endpoint resource object attributes

Source code in optimade/models/links.py 
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class LinksResourceAttributes(Attributes):
    """Links endpoint resource object attributes"""

    name: Annotated[
        str,
        StrictField(
            description="Human-readable name for the OPTIMADE API implementation, e.g., for use in clients to show the name to the end-user.",
        ),
    ]
    description: Annotated[
        str,
        StrictField(
            description="Human-readable description for the OPTIMADE API implementation, e.g., for use in clients to show a description to the end-user.",
        ),
    ]
    base_url: Annotated[
        JsonLinkType | None,
        StrictField(
            description="JSON API links object, pointing to the base URL for this implementation",
        ),
    ]

    homepage: Annotated[
        JsonLinkType | None,
        StrictField(
            description="JSON API links object, pointing to a homepage URL for this implementation",
        ),
    ]

    link_type: Annotated[
        LinkType,
        StrictField(
            title="Link Type",
            description="""The type of the linked relation.
MUST be one of these values: 'child', 'root', 'external', 'providers'.""",
        ),
    ]

    aggregate: Annotated[
        Aggregate | None,
        StrictField(
            title="Aggregate",
            description="""A string indicating whether a client that is following links to aggregate results from different OPTIMADE implementations should follow this link or not.
This flag SHOULD NOT be indicated for links where `link_type` is not `child`.

If not specified, clients MAY assume that the value is `ok`.
If specified, and the value is anything different than `ok`, the client MUST assume that the server is suggesting not to follow the link during aggregation by default (also if the value is not among the known ones, in case a future specification adds new accepted values).

Specific values indicate the reason why the server is providing the suggestion.
A client MAY follow the link anyway if it has reason to do so (e.g., if the client is looking for all test databases, it MAY follow the links marked with `aggregate`=`test`).

If specified, it MUST be one of the values listed in section Link Aggregate Options.""",
        ),
    ] = Aggregate.OK

    no_aggregate_reason: Annotated[
        str | None,
        StrictField(
            description="""An OPTIONAL human-readable string indicating the reason for suggesting not to aggregate results following the link.
It SHOULD NOT be present if `aggregate`=`ok`.""",
        ),
    ] = None

aggregate: Annotated[Aggregate | None, StrictField(title=Aggregate, description='A string indicating whether a client that is following links to aggregate results from different OPTIMADE implementations should follow this link or not.\nThis flag SHOULD NOT be indicated for links where `link_type` is not `child`.\n\nIf not specified, clients MAY assume that the value is `ok`.\nIf specified, and the value is anything different than `ok`, the client MUST assume that the server is suggesting not to follow the link during aggregation by default (also if the value is not among the known ones, in case a future specification adds new accepted values).\n\nSpecific values indicate the reason why the server is providing the suggestion.\nA client MAY follow the link anyway if it has reason to do so (e.g., if the client is looking for all test databases, it MAY follow the links marked with `aggregate`=`test`).\n\nIf specified, it MUST be one of the values listed in section Link Aggregate Options.')] = Aggregate.OK class-attribute instance-attribute

base_url: Annotated[JsonLinkType | None, StrictField(description='JSON API links object, pointing to the base URL for this implementation')] instance-attribute

description: Annotated[str, StrictField(description='Human-readable description for the OPTIMADE API implementation, e.g., for use in clients to show a description to the end-user.')] instance-attribute

homepage: Annotated[JsonLinkType | None, StrictField(description='JSON API links object, pointing to a homepage URL for this implementation')] instance-attribute

model_config = ConfigDict(extra='allow') class-attribute instance-attribute

name: Annotated[str, StrictField(description='Human-readable name for the OPTIMADE API implementation, e.g., for use in clients to show the name to the end-user.')] instance-attribute

no_aggregate_reason: Annotated[str | None, StrictField(description='An OPTIONAL human-readable string indicating the reason for suggesting not to aggregate results following the link.\nIt SHOULD NOT be present if `aggregate`=`ok`.')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

check_illegal_attributes_fields()

Source code in optimade/models/jsonapi.py 
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@model_validator(mode="after")
def check_illegal_attributes_fields(self) -> "Attributes":
    illegal_fields = ("relationships", "links", "id", "type")
    for field in illegal_fields:
        if hasattr(self, field):
            raise ValueError(
                f"{illegal_fields} MUST NOT be fields under Attributes"
            )
    return self

LinksResponse

Bases: EntryResponseMany

Source code in optimade/models/responses.py 
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class LinksResponse(EntryResponseMany):
    data: Annotated[
        list[LinksResource] | list[dict[str, Any]],
        StrictField(
            description="List of unique OPTIMADE links resource objects.",
            uniqueItems=True,
            union_mode="left_to_right",
        ),
    ]

data: Annotated[list[LinksResource] | list[dict[str, Any]], StrictField(description='List of unique OPTIMADE links resource objects.', uniqueItems=True, union_mode=left_to_right)] instance-attribute

errors: Annotated[list[Error] | None, StrictField(description='A list of unique errors', uniqueItems=True)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

included: Annotated[list[EntryResource] | list[dict[str, Any]] | None, StrictField(description='A list of unique included OPTIMADE entry resources.', uniqueItems=True, union_mode=left_to_right)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

jsonapi: Annotated[JsonApi | None, StrictField(description='Information about the JSON API used')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

meta: Annotated[ResponseMeta, StrictField(description='A meta object containing non-standard information')] instance-attribute

model_config = ConfigDict(json_encoders={datetime: lambda v: v.astimezone(timezone.utc).strftime('%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ')}) class-attribute instance-attribute

The specification mandates that datetimes must be encoded following RFC3339, which does not support fractional seconds, thus they must be stripped in the response. This can cause issues when the underlying database contains fields that do include microseconds, as filters may return unexpected results.

either_data_meta_or_errors_must_be_set()

Overwriting the existing validation function, since 'errors' MUST NOT be set.

Source code in optimade/models/optimade_json.py 
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@model_validator(mode="after")
def either_data_meta_or_errors_must_be_set(self) -> "Success":
    """Overwriting the existing validation function, since 'errors' MUST NOT be set."""
    required_fields = ("data", "meta")
    if not any(field in self.model_fields_set for field in required_fields):
        raise ValueError(
            f"At least one of {required_fields} MUST be specified in the top-level response."
        )

    # errors MUST be skipped
    if self.errors or "errors" in self.model_fields_set:
        raise ValueError("'errors' MUST be skipped for a successful response.")

    return self

Meta

Bases: BaseModel

Non-standard meta-information that can not be represented as an attribute or relationship.

Source code in optimade/models/jsonapi.py 
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class Meta(BaseModel):
    """Non-standard meta-information that can not be represented as an attribute or relationship."""

    model_config = ConfigDict(extra="allow")

model_config = ConfigDict(extra='allow') class-attribute instance-attribute

OptimadeError

Bases: Error

detail MUST be present

Source code in optimade/models/optimade_json.py 
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class OptimadeError(jsonapi.Error):
    """detail MUST be present"""

    detail: Annotated[
        str,
        StrictField(
            description="A human-readable explanation specific to this occurrence of the problem.",
        ),
    ]

code: Annotated[str | None, StrictField(description='an application-specific error code, expressed as a string value.')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

detail: Annotated[str, StrictField(description='A human-readable explanation specific to this occurrence of the problem.')] instance-attribute

id: Annotated[str | None, StrictField(description='A unique identifier for this particular occurrence of the problem.')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

meta: Annotated[Meta | None, StrictField(description='a meta object containing non-standard meta-information about the error.')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

source: Annotated[ErrorSource | None, StrictField(description='An object containing references to the source of the error')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

status: Annotated[Annotated[str, BeforeValidator(str)] | None, StrictField(description='the HTTP status code applicable to this problem, expressed as a string value.')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

title: Annotated[str | None, StrictField(description='A short, human-readable summary of the problem. It **SHOULD NOT** change from occurrence to occurrence of the problem, except for purposes of localization.')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

__hash__()

Source code in optimade/models/jsonapi.py 
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def __hash__(self):
    return hash(self.model_dump_json())

Periodicity

Bases: IntEnum

Integer enumeration of dimension_types values

Source code in optimade/models/structures.py 
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class Periodicity(IntEnum):
    """Integer enumeration of dimension_types values"""

    APERIODIC = 0
    PERIODIC = 1

APERIODIC = 0 class-attribute instance-attribute

PERIODIC = 1 class-attribute instance-attribute

Person

Bases: BaseModel

A person, i.e., an author, editor or other.

Source code in optimade/models/references.py 
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class Person(BaseModel):
    """A person, i.e., an author, editor or other."""

    name: Annotated[
        str,
        OptimadeField(
            description="""Full name of the person, REQUIRED.""",
            support=SupportLevel.MUST,
            queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
        ),
    ]

    firstname: Annotated[
        str | None,
        OptimadeField(
            description="""First name of the person.""",
            support=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
            queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
        ),
    ] = None

    lastname: Annotated[
        str | None,
        OptimadeField(
            description="""Last name of the person.""",
            support=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
            queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
        ),
    ] = None

firstname: Annotated[str | None, OptimadeField(description='First name of the person.', support=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL, queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

lastname: Annotated[str | None, OptimadeField(description='Last name of the person.', support=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL, queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

name: Annotated[str, OptimadeField(description='Full name of the person, REQUIRED.', support=SupportLevel.MUST, queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL)] instance-attribute

Provider

Bases: BaseModel

Information on the database provider of the implementation.

Source code in optimade/models/optimade_json.py 
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class Provider(BaseModel):
    """Information on the database provider of the implementation."""

    name: Annotated[
        str, StrictField(description="a short name for the database provider")
    ]

    description: Annotated[
        str, StrictField(description="a longer description of the database provider")
    ]

    prefix: Annotated[
        str,
        StrictField(
            pattern=r"^[a-z]([a-z]|[0-9]|_)*$",
            description="database-provider-specific prefix as found in section Database-Provider-Specific Namespace Prefixes.",
        ),
    ]

    homepage: Annotated[
        jsonapi.JsonLinkType | None,
        StrictField(
            description="a [JSON API links object](http://jsonapi.org/format/1.0#document-links) "
            "pointing to homepage of the database provider, either "
            "directly as a string, or as a link object.",
        ),
    ] = None

description: Annotated[str, StrictField(description='a longer description of the database provider')] instance-attribute

homepage: Annotated[jsonapi.JsonLinkType | None, StrictField(description='a [JSON API links object](http://jsonapi.org/format/1.0#document-links) pointing to homepage of the database provider, either directly as a string, or as a link object.')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

name: Annotated[str, StrictField(description='a short name for the database provider')] instance-attribute

prefix: Annotated[str, StrictField(pattern='^[a-z]([a-z]|[0-9]|_)*$', description='database-provider-specific prefix as found in section Database-Provider-Specific Namespace Prefixes.')] instance-attribute

ReferenceResource

Bases: EntryResource

The references entries describe bibliographic references.

The following properties are used to provide the bibliographic details:

  • address, annote, booktitle, chapter, crossref, edition, howpublished, institution, journal, key, month, note, number, organization, pages, publisher, school, series, title, volume, year: meanings of these properties match the BibTeX specification, values are strings;
  • bib_type: type of the reference, corresponding to type property in the BibTeX specification, value is string;
  • authors and editors: lists of person objects which are dictionaries with the following keys:
    • name: Full name of the person, REQUIRED.
    • firstname, lastname: Parts of the person's name, OPTIONAL.
  • doi and url: values are strings.
  • Requirements/Conventions:
    • Support: OPTIONAL support in implementations, i.e., any of the properties MAY be null.
    • Query: Support for queries on any of these properties is OPTIONAL. If supported, filters MAY support only a subset of comparison operators.
    • Every references entry MUST contain at least one of the properties.
Source code in optimade/models/references.py 
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class ReferenceResource(EntryResource):
    """The `references` entries describe bibliographic references.

    The following properties are used to provide the bibliographic details:

    - **address**, **annote**, **booktitle**, **chapter**, **crossref**, **edition**, **howpublished**, **institution**, **journal**, **key**, **month**, **note**, **number**, **organization**, **pages**, **publisher**, **school**, **series**, **title**, **volume**, **year**: meanings of these properties match the [BibTeX specification](http://bibtexml.sourceforge.net/btxdoc.pdf), values are strings;
    - **bib_type**: type of the reference, corresponding to **type** property in the BibTeX specification, value is string;
    - **authors** and **editors**: lists of *person objects* which are dictionaries with the following keys:
        - **name**: Full name of the person, REQUIRED.
        - **firstname**, **lastname**: Parts of the person's name, OPTIONAL.
    - **doi** and **url**: values are strings.
    - **Requirements/Conventions**:
        - **Support**: OPTIONAL support in implementations, i.e., any of the properties MAY be `null`.
        - **Query**: Support for queries on any of these properties is OPTIONAL.
            If supported, filters MAY support only a subset of comparison operators.
        - Every references entry MUST contain at least one of the properties.

    """

    type: Annotated[
        Literal["references"],
        OptimadeField(
            description="""The name of the type of an entry.
- **Type**: string.
- **Requirements/Conventions**:
    - **Support**: MUST be supported by all implementations, MUST NOT be `null`.
    - **Query**: MUST be a queryable property with support for all mandatory filter features.
    - **Response**: REQUIRED in the response.
    - MUST be an existing entry type.
    - The entry of type <type> and ID <id> MUST be returned in response to a request for `/<type>/<id>` under the versioned base URL.
- **Example**: `"structures"`""",
            pattern="^references$",
            support=SupportLevel.MUST,
            queryable=SupportLevel.MUST,
        ),
    ] = "references"
    attributes: ReferenceResourceAttributes

    @field_validator("attributes", mode="before")
    @classmethod
    def validate_attributes(cls, value: Any) -> dict[str, Any]:
        if not isinstance(value, dict):
            if isinstance(value, BaseModel):
                value = value.model_dump()
            else:
                raise TypeError("attributes field must be a mapping")
        if not any(prop[1] is not None for prop in value):
            raise ValueError("reference object must have at least one field defined")
        return value

attributes: ReferenceResourceAttributes instance-attribute

id: Annotated[str, OptimadeField(description='An entry\'s ID as defined in section Definition of Terms.\n\n- **Type**: string.\n\n- **Requirements/Conventions**:\n - **Support**: MUST be supported by all implementations, MUST NOT be `null`.\n - **Query**: MUST be a queryable property with support for all mandatory filter features.\n - **Response**: REQUIRED in the response.\n\n- **Examples**:\n - `"db/1234567"`\n - `"cod/2000000"`\n - `"cod/2000000@1234567"`\n - `"nomad/L1234567890"`\n - `"42"`', support=SupportLevel.MUST, queryable=SupportLevel.MUST)] instance-attribute

meta: Annotated[Meta | None, StrictField(description='a meta object containing non-standard meta-information about a resource that can not be represented as an attribute or relationship.')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

model_config = ConfigDict(json_schema_extra=resource_json_schema_extra) class-attribute instance-attribute

relationships: Annotated[EntryRelationships | None, StrictField(description='A dictionary containing references to other entries according to the description in section Relationships encoded as [JSON API Relationships](https://jsonapi.org/format/1.0/#document-resource-object-relationships).\nThe OPTIONAL human-readable description of the relationship MAY be provided in the `description` field inside the `meta` dictionary of the JSON API resource identifier object.')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

type: Annotated[Literal['references'], OptimadeField(description='The name of the type of an entry.\n- **Type**: string.\n- **Requirements/Conventions**:\n - **Support**: MUST be supported by all implementations, MUST NOT be `null`.\n - **Query**: MUST be a queryable property with support for all mandatory filter features.\n - **Response**: REQUIRED in the response.\n - MUST be an existing entry type.\n - The entry of type <type> and ID <id> MUST be returned in response to a request for `/<type>/<id>` under the versioned base URL.\n- **Example**: `"structures"`', pattern='^references$', support=SupportLevel.MUST, queryable=SupportLevel.MUST)] = 'references' class-attribute instance-attribute

validate_attributes(value) classmethod

Source code in optimade/models/references.py 
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@field_validator("attributes", mode="before")
@classmethod
def validate_attributes(cls, value: Any) -> dict[str, Any]:
    if not isinstance(value, dict):
        if isinstance(value, BaseModel):
            value = value.model_dump()
        else:
            raise TypeError("attributes field must be a mapping")
    if not any(prop[1] is not None for prop in value):
        raise ValueError("reference object must have at least one field defined")
    return value

ReferenceResourceAttributes

Bases: EntryResourceAttributes

Model that stores the attributes of a reference.

Many properties match the meaning described in the BibTeX specification.

Source code in optimade/models/references.py 
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class ReferenceResourceAttributes(EntryResourceAttributes):
    """Model that stores the attributes of a reference.

    Many properties match the meaning described in the
    [BibTeX specification](http://bibtexml.sourceforge.net/btxdoc.pdf).

    """

    authors: Annotated[
        list[Person] | None,
        OptimadeField(
            description="List of person objects containing the authors of the reference.",
            support=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
            queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
        ),
    ] = None

    editors: Annotated[
        list[Person] | None,
        OptimadeField(
            description="List of person objects containing the editors of the reference.",
            support=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
            queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
        ),
    ] = None

    doi: Annotated[
        str | None,
        OptimadeField(
            description="The digital object identifier of the reference.",
            support=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
            queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
        ),
    ] = None

    url: Annotated[
        AnyUrl | None,
        OptimadeField(
            description="The URL of the reference.",
            support=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
            queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
        ),
    ] = None

    address: Annotated[
        str | None,
        OptimadeField(
            description="Meaning of property matches the BiBTeX specification.",
            support=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
            queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
        ),
    ] = None

    annote: Annotated[
        str | None,
        OptimadeField(
            description="Meaning of property matches the BiBTeX specification.",
            support=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
            queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
        ),
    ] = None

    booktitle: Annotated[
        str | None,
        OptimadeField(
            description="Meaning of property matches the BiBTeX specification.",
            support=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
            queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
        ),
    ] = None

    chapter: Annotated[
        str | None,
        OptimadeField(
            description="Meaning of property matches the BiBTeX specification.",
            support=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
            queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
        ),
    ] = None

    crossref: Annotated[
        str | None,
        OptimadeField(
            description="Meaning of property matches the BiBTeX specification.",
            support=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
            queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
        ),
    ] = None

    edition: Annotated[
        str | None,
        OptimadeField(
            description="Meaning of property matches the BiBTeX specification.",
            support=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
            queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
        ),
    ] = None

    howpublished: Annotated[
        str | None,
        OptimadeField(
            description="Meaning of property matches the BiBTeX specification.",
            support=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
            queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
        ),
    ] = None

    institution: Annotated[
        str | None,
        OptimadeField(
            description="Meaning of property matches the BiBTeX specification.",
            support=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
            queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
        ),
    ] = None

    journal: Annotated[
        str | None,
        OptimadeField(
            description="Meaning of property matches the BiBTeX specification.",
            support=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
            queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
        ),
    ] = None

    key: Annotated[
        str | None,
        OptimadeField(
            description="Meaning of property matches the BiBTeX specification.",
            support=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
            queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
        ),
    ] = None

    month: Annotated[
        str | None,
        OptimadeField(
            description="Meaning of property matches the BiBTeX specification.",
            support=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
            queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
        ),
    ] = None

    note: Annotated[
        str | None,
        OptimadeField(
            description="Meaning of property matches the BiBTeX specification.",
            support=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
            queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
        ),
    ] = None

    number: Annotated[
        str | None,
        OptimadeField(
            description="Meaning of property matches the BiBTeX specification.",
            support=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
            queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
        ),
    ] = None

    organization: Annotated[
        str | None,
        OptimadeField(
            description="Meaning of property matches the BiBTeX specification.",
            support=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
            queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
        ),
    ] = None

    pages: Annotated[
        str | None,
        OptimadeField(
            description="Meaning of property matches the BiBTeX specification.",
            support=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
            queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
        ),
    ] = None

    publisher: Annotated[
        str | None,
        OptimadeField(
            description="Meaning of property matches the BiBTeX specification.",
            support=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
            queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
        ),
    ] = None

    school: Annotated[
        str | None,
        OptimadeField(
            description="Meaning of property matches the BiBTeX specification.",
            support=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
            queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
        ),
    ] = None

    series: Annotated[
        str | None,
        OptimadeField(
            description="Meaning of property matches the BiBTeX specification.",
            support=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
            queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
        ),
    ] = None

    title: Annotated[
        str | None,
        OptimadeField(
            description="Meaning of property matches the BiBTeX specification.",
            support=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
            queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
        ),
    ] = None

    bib_type: Annotated[
        str | None,
        OptimadeField(
            description="Type of the reference, corresponding to the **type** property in the BiBTeX specification.",
            support=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
            queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
        ),
    ] = None

    volume: Annotated[
        str | None,
        OptimadeField(
            description="Meaning of property matches the BiBTeX specification.",
            support=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
            queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
        ),
    ] = None

    year: Annotated[
        str | None,
        OptimadeField(
            description="Meaning of property matches the BiBTeX specification.",
            support=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
            queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
        ),
    ] = None

address: Annotated[str | None, OptimadeField(description='Meaning of property matches the BiBTeX specification.', support=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL, queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

annote: Annotated[str | None, OptimadeField(description='Meaning of property matches the BiBTeX specification.', support=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL, queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

authors: Annotated[list[Person] | None, OptimadeField(description='List of person objects containing the authors of the reference.', support=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL, queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

bib_type: Annotated[str | None, OptimadeField(description='Type of the reference, corresponding to the **type** property in the BiBTeX specification.', support=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL, queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

booktitle: Annotated[str | None, OptimadeField(description='Meaning of property matches the BiBTeX specification.', support=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL, queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

chapter: Annotated[str | None, OptimadeField(description='Meaning of property matches the BiBTeX specification.', support=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL, queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

crossref: Annotated[str | None, OptimadeField(description='Meaning of property matches the BiBTeX specification.', support=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL, queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

doi: Annotated[str | None, OptimadeField(description='The digital object identifier of the reference.', support=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL, queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

edition: Annotated[str | None, OptimadeField(description='Meaning of property matches the BiBTeX specification.', support=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL, queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

editors: Annotated[list[Person] | None, OptimadeField(description='List of person objects containing the editors of the reference.', support=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL, queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

howpublished: Annotated[str | None, OptimadeField(description='Meaning of property matches the BiBTeX specification.', support=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL, queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

immutable_id: Annotated[str | None, OptimadeField(description='The entry\'s immutable ID (e.g., an UUID). This is important for databases having preferred IDs that point to "the latest version" of a record, but still offer access to older variants. This ID maps to the version-specific record, in case it changes in the future.\n\n- **Type**: string.\n\n- **Requirements/Conventions**:\n - **Support**: OPTIONAL support in implementations, i.e., MAY be `null`.\n - **Query**: MUST be a queryable property with support for all mandatory filter features.\n\n- **Examples**:\n - `"8bd3e750-b477-41a0-9b11-3a799f21b44f"`\n - `"fjeiwoj,54;@=%<>#32"` (Strings that are not URL-safe are allowed.)', support=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL, queryable=SupportLevel.MUST)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

institution: Annotated[str | None, OptimadeField(description='Meaning of property matches the BiBTeX specification.', support=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL, queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

journal: Annotated[str | None, OptimadeField(description='Meaning of property matches the BiBTeX specification.', support=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL, queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

key: Annotated[str | None, OptimadeField(description='Meaning of property matches the BiBTeX specification.', support=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL, queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

last_modified: Annotated[datetime | None, OptimadeField(description='Date and time representing when the entry was last modified.\n\n- **Type**: timestamp.\n\n- **Requirements/Conventions**:\n - **Support**: SHOULD be supported by all implementations, i.e., SHOULD NOT be `null`.\n - **Query**: MUST be a queryable property with support for all mandatory filter features.\n - **Response**: REQUIRED in the response unless the query parameter `response_fields` is present and does not include this property.\n\n- **Example**:\n - As part of JSON response format: `"2007-04-05T14:30:20Z"` (i.e., encoded as an [RFC 3339 Internet Date/Time Format](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3339#section-5.6) string.)', support=SupportLevel.SHOULD, queryable=SupportLevel.MUST)] instance-attribute

model_config = ConfigDict(extra='allow') class-attribute instance-attribute

month: Annotated[str | None, OptimadeField(description='Meaning of property matches the BiBTeX specification.', support=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL, queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

note: Annotated[str | None, OptimadeField(description='Meaning of property matches the BiBTeX specification.', support=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL, queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

number: Annotated[str | None, OptimadeField(description='Meaning of property matches the BiBTeX specification.', support=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL, queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

organization: Annotated[str | None, OptimadeField(description='Meaning of property matches the BiBTeX specification.', support=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL, queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

pages: Annotated[str | None, OptimadeField(description='Meaning of property matches the BiBTeX specification.', support=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL, queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

publisher: Annotated[str | None, OptimadeField(description='Meaning of property matches the BiBTeX specification.', support=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL, queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

school: Annotated[str | None, OptimadeField(description='Meaning of property matches the BiBTeX specification.', support=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL, queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

series: Annotated[str | None, OptimadeField(description='Meaning of property matches the BiBTeX specification.', support=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL, queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

title: Annotated[str | None, OptimadeField(description='Meaning of property matches the BiBTeX specification.', support=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL, queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

url: Annotated[AnyUrl | None, OptimadeField(description='The URL of the reference.', support=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL, queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

volume: Annotated[str | None, OptimadeField(description='Meaning of property matches the BiBTeX specification.', support=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL, queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

year: Annotated[str | None, OptimadeField(description='Meaning of property matches the BiBTeX specification.', support=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL, queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

cast_immutable_id_to_str(value) classmethod

Convenience validator for casting immutable_id to a string.

Source code in optimade/models/entries.py 
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@field_validator("immutable_id", mode="before")
@classmethod
def cast_immutable_id_to_str(cls, value: Any) -> str:
    """Convenience validator for casting `immutable_id` to a string."""
    if value is not None and not isinstance(value, str):
        value = str(value)

    return value

check_illegal_attributes_fields()

Source code in optimade/models/jsonapi.py 
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@model_validator(mode="after")
def check_illegal_attributes_fields(self) -> "Attributes":
    illegal_fields = ("relationships", "links", "id", "type")
    for field in illegal_fields:
        if hasattr(self, field):
            raise ValueError(
                f"{illegal_fields} MUST NOT be fields under Attributes"
            )
    return self

ReferenceResponseMany

Bases: EntryResponseMany

Source code in optimade/models/responses.py 
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class ReferenceResponseMany(EntryResponseMany):
    data: Annotated[
        list[ReferenceResource] | list[dict[str, Any]],
        StrictField(
            description="List of unique OPTIMADE references entry resource objects.",
            uniqueItems=True,
            union_mode="left_to_right",
        ),
    ]

data: Annotated[list[ReferenceResource] | list[dict[str, Any]], StrictField(description='List of unique OPTIMADE references entry resource objects.', uniqueItems=True, union_mode=left_to_right)] instance-attribute

errors: Annotated[list[Error] | None, StrictField(description='A list of unique errors', uniqueItems=True)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

included: Annotated[list[EntryResource] | list[dict[str, Any]] | None, StrictField(description='A list of unique included OPTIMADE entry resources.', uniqueItems=True, union_mode=left_to_right)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

jsonapi: Annotated[JsonApi | None, StrictField(description='Information about the JSON API used')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

meta: Annotated[ResponseMeta, StrictField(description='A meta object containing non-standard information')] instance-attribute

model_config = ConfigDict(json_encoders={datetime: lambda v: v.astimezone(timezone.utc).strftime('%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ')}) class-attribute instance-attribute

The specification mandates that datetimes must be encoded following RFC3339, which does not support fractional seconds, thus they must be stripped in the response. This can cause issues when the underlying database contains fields that do include microseconds, as filters may return unexpected results.

either_data_meta_or_errors_must_be_set()

Overwriting the existing validation function, since 'errors' MUST NOT be set.

Source code in optimade/models/optimade_json.py 
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@model_validator(mode="after")
def either_data_meta_or_errors_must_be_set(self) -> "Success":
    """Overwriting the existing validation function, since 'errors' MUST NOT be set."""
    required_fields = ("data", "meta")
    if not any(field in self.model_fields_set for field in required_fields):
        raise ValueError(
            f"At least one of {required_fields} MUST be specified in the top-level response."
        )

    # errors MUST be skipped
    if self.errors or "errors" in self.model_fields_set:
        raise ValueError("'errors' MUST be skipped for a successful response.")

    return self

ReferenceResponseOne

Bases: EntryResponseOne

Source code in optimade/models/responses.py 
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class ReferenceResponseOne(EntryResponseOne):
    data: Annotated[
        ReferenceResource | dict[str, Any] | None,
        StrictField(
            description="A single references entry resource.",
            union_mode="left_to_right",
        ),
    ]

data: Annotated[ReferenceResource | dict[str, Any] | None, StrictField(description='A single references entry resource.', union_mode=left_to_right)] instance-attribute

errors: Annotated[list[Error] | None, StrictField(description='A list of unique errors', uniqueItems=True)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

included: Annotated[list[EntryResource] | list[dict[str, Any]] | None, StrictField(description='A list of unique included OPTIMADE entry resources.', uniqueItems=True, union_mode=left_to_right)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

jsonapi: Annotated[JsonApi | None, StrictField(description='Information about the JSON API used')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

meta: Annotated[ResponseMeta, StrictField(description='A meta object containing non-standard information')] instance-attribute

model_config = ConfigDict(json_encoders={datetime: lambda v: v.astimezone(timezone.utc).strftime('%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ')}) class-attribute instance-attribute

The specification mandates that datetimes must be encoded following RFC3339, which does not support fractional seconds, thus they must be stripped in the response. This can cause issues when the underlying database contains fields that do include microseconds, as filters may return unexpected results.

either_data_meta_or_errors_must_be_set()

Overwriting the existing validation function, since 'errors' MUST NOT be set.

Source code in optimade/models/optimade_json.py 
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@model_validator(mode="after")
def either_data_meta_or_errors_must_be_set(self) -> "Success":
    """Overwriting the existing validation function, since 'errors' MUST NOT be set."""
    required_fields = ("data", "meta")
    if not any(field in self.model_fields_set for field in required_fields):
        raise ValueError(
            f"At least one of {required_fields} MUST be specified in the top-level response."
        )

    # errors MUST be skipped
    if self.errors or "errors" in self.model_fields_set:
        raise ValueError("'errors' MUST be skipped for a successful response.")

    return self

RelatedLinksResource

Bases: BaseResource

A related Links resource object

Source code in optimade/models/index_metadb.py 
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class RelatedLinksResource(BaseResource):
    """A related Links resource object"""

    type: Literal["links"] = "links"

id: Annotated[str, StrictField(description='Resource ID')] instance-attribute

model_config = ConfigDict(json_schema_extra=resource_json_schema_extra) class-attribute instance-attribute

type: Literal['links'] = 'links' class-attribute instance-attribute

Relationship

Bases: Relationship

Similar to normal JSON API relationship, but with addition of OPTIONAL meta field for a resource.

Source code in optimade/models/optimade_json.py 
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class Relationship(jsonapi.Relationship):
    """Similar to normal JSON API relationship, but with addition of OPTIONAL meta field for a resource."""

    data: Annotated[
        BaseRelationshipResource | list[BaseRelationshipResource] | None,
        StrictField(description="Resource linkage", uniqueItems=True),
    ] = None

data: Annotated[BaseRelationshipResource | list[BaseRelationshipResource] | None, StrictField(description='Resource linkage', uniqueItems=True)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

meta: Annotated[Meta | None, StrictField(description='a meta object that contains non-standard meta-information about the relationship.')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

at_least_one_relationship_key_must_be_set()

Source code in optimade/models/jsonapi.py 
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@model_validator(mode="after")
def at_least_one_relationship_key_must_be_set(self) -> "Relationship":
    if self.links is None and self.data is None and self.meta is None:
        raise ValueError(
            "Either 'links', 'data', or 'meta' MUST be specified for Relationship"
        )
    return self

Bases: BaseModel

A resource object MAY contain references to other resource objects ("relationships"). Relationships may be to-one or to-many. Relationships can be specified by including a member in a resource's links object.

Source code in optimade/models/jsonapi.py 
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class RelationshipLinks(BaseModel):
    """A resource object **MAY** contain references to other resource objects ("relationships").
    Relationships may be to-one or to-many.
    Relationships can be specified by including a member in a resource's links object.

    """

    self: Annotated[
        JsonLinkType | None,
        StrictField(
            description="""A link for the relationship itself (a 'relationship link').
This link allows the client to directly manipulate the relationship.
When fetched successfully, this link returns the [linkage](https://jsonapi.org/format/1.0/#document-resource-object-linkage) for the related resources as its primary data.
(See [Fetching Relationships](https://jsonapi.org/format/1.0/#fetching-relationships).)""",
        ),
    ] = None
    related: Annotated[
        JsonLinkType | None,
        StrictField(
            description="A [related resource link](https://jsonapi.org/format/1.0/#document-resource-object-related-resource-links).",
        ),
    ] = None

    @model_validator(mode="after")
    def either_self_or_related_must_be_specified(self) -> "RelationshipLinks":
        if self.self is None and self.related is None:
            raise ValueError(
                "Either 'self' or 'related' MUST be specified for RelationshipLinks"
            )
        return self

related: Annotated[JsonLinkType | None, StrictField(description='A [related resource link](https://jsonapi.org/format/1.0/#document-resource-object-related-resource-links).')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

self: Annotated[JsonLinkType | None, StrictField(description="A link for the relationship itself (a 'relationship link').\nThis link allows the client to directly manipulate the relationship.\nWhen fetched successfully, this link returns the [linkage](https://jsonapi.org/format/1.0/#document-resource-object-linkage) for the related resources as its primary data.\n(See [Fetching Relationships](https://jsonapi.org/format/1.0/#fetching-relationships).)")] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

Source code in optimade/models/jsonapi.py 
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@model_validator(mode="after")
def either_self_or_related_must_be_specified(self) -> "RelationshipLinks":
    if self.self is None and self.related is None:
        raise ValueError(
            "Either 'self' or 'related' MUST be specified for RelationshipLinks"
        )
    return self

Relationships

Bases: BaseModel

Members of the relationships object ("relationships") represent references from the resource object in which it's defined to other resource objects. Keys MUST NOT be: type id

Source code in optimade/models/jsonapi.py 
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class Relationships(BaseModel):
    """
    Members of the relationships object (\"relationships\") represent references from the resource object in which it's defined to other resource objects.
    Keys MUST NOT be:
        type
        id
    """

    @model_validator(mode="after")
    def check_illegal_relationships_fields(self) -> "Relationships":
        illegal_fields = ("id", "type")
        for field in illegal_fields:
            if hasattr(self, field):
                raise ValueError(
                    f"{illegal_fields} MUST NOT be fields under Relationships"
                )
        return self

check_illegal_relationships_fields()

Source code in optimade/models/jsonapi.py 
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@model_validator(mode="after")
def check_illegal_relationships_fields(self) -> "Relationships":
    illegal_fields = ("id", "type")
    for field in illegal_fields:
        if hasattr(self, field):
            raise ValueError(
                f"{illegal_fields} MUST NOT be fields under Relationships"
            )
    return self

Resource

Bases: BaseResource

Resource objects appear in a JSON API document to represent resources.

Source code in optimade/models/jsonapi.py 
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class Resource(BaseResource):
    """Resource objects appear in a JSON API document to represent resources."""

    links: Annotated[
        ResourceLinks | None,
        StrictField(
            description="a links object containing links related to the resource."
        ),
    ] = None
    meta: Annotated[
        Meta | None,
        StrictField(
            description="a meta object containing non-standard meta-information about a resource that can not be represented as an attribute or relationship.",
        ),
    ] = None
    attributes: Annotated[
        Attributes | None,
        StrictField(
            description="an attributes object representing some of the resource’s data.",
        ),
    ] = None
    relationships: Annotated[
        Relationships | None,
        StrictField(
            description="""[Relationships object](https://jsonapi.org/format/1.0/#document-resource-object-relationships)
describing relationships between the resource and other JSON API resources.""",
        ),
    ] = None

attributes: Annotated[Attributes | None, StrictField(description='an attributes object representing some of the resource’s data.')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

id: Annotated[str, StrictField(description='Resource ID')] instance-attribute

meta: Annotated[Meta | None, StrictField(description='a meta object containing non-standard meta-information about a resource that can not be represented as an attribute or relationship.')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

model_config = ConfigDict(json_schema_extra=resource_json_schema_extra) class-attribute instance-attribute

relationships: Annotated[Relationships | None, StrictField(description='[Relationships object](https://jsonapi.org/format/1.0/#document-resource-object-relationships)\ndescribing relationships between the resource and other JSON API resources.')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

type: Annotated[str, StrictField(description='Resource type')] instance-attribute

Bases: BaseModel

A Resource Links object

Source code in optimade/models/jsonapi.py 
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class ResourceLinks(BaseModel):
    """A Resource Links object"""

    self: Annotated[
        JsonLinkType | None,
        StrictField(
            description="A link that identifies the resource represented by the resource object.",
        ),
    ] = None

self: Annotated[JsonLinkType | None, StrictField(description='A link that identifies the resource represented by the resource object.')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

Response

Bases: BaseModel

A top-level response.

Source code in optimade/models/jsonapi.py 
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class Response(BaseModel):
    """A top-level response."""

    data: Annotated[
        None | Resource | list[Resource] | None,
        StrictField(description="Outputted Data", uniqueItems=True),
    ] = None
    meta: Annotated[
        Meta | None,
        StrictField(
            description="A meta object containing non-standard information related to the Success",
        ),
    ] = None
    errors: Annotated[
        list[Error] | None,
        StrictField(description="A list of unique errors", uniqueItems=True),
    ] = None
    included: Annotated[
        list[Resource] | None,
        StrictField(
            description="A list of unique included resources", uniqueItems=True
        ),
    ] = None
    links: Annotated[
        ToplevelLinks | None,
        StrictField(description="Links associated with the primary data or errors"),
    ] = None
    jsonapi: Annotated[
        JsonApi | None,
        StrictField(description="Information about the JSON API used"),
    ] = None

    @model_validator(mode="after")
    def either_data_meta_or_errors_must_be_set(self) -> "Response":
        required_fields = ("data", "meta", "errors")
        if not any(field in self.model_fields_set for field in required_fields):
            raise ValueError(
                f"At least one of {required_fields} MUST be specified in the top-level response"
            )
        if "errors" in self.model_fields_set and not self.errors:
            raise ValueError("Errors MUST NOT be an empty or 'null' value.")
        return self

    model_config = ConfigDict(
        json_encoders={
            datetime: lambda v: v.astimezone(timezone.utc).strftime(
                "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ"
            )
        }
    )
    """The specification mandates that datetimes must be encoded following
    [RFC3339](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3339), which does not support
    fractional seconds, thus they must be stripped in the response. This can
    cause issues when the underlying database contains fields that do include
    microseconds, as filters may return unexpected results.
    """

data: Annotated[None | Resource | list[Resource] | None, StrictField(description='Outputted Data', uniqueItems=True)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

errors: Annotated[list[Error] | None, StrictField(description='A list of unique errors', uniqueItems=True)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

included: Annotated[list[Resource] | None, StrictField(description='A list of unique included resources', uniqueItems=True)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

jsonapi: Annotated[JsonApi | None, StrictField(description='Information about the JSON API used')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

meta: Annotated[Meta | None, StrictField(description='A meta object containing non-standard information related to the Success')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

model_config = ConfigDict(json_encoders={datetime: lambda v: v.astimezone(timezone.utc).strftime('%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ')}) class-attribute instance-attribute

The specification mandates that datetimes must be encoded following RFC3339, which does not support fractional seconds, thus they must be stripped in the response. This can cause issues when the underlying database contains fields that do include microseconds, as filters may return unexpected results.

either_data_meta_or_errors_must_be_set()

Source code in optimade/models/jsonapi.py 
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@model_validator(mode="after")
def either_data_meta_or_errors_must_be_set(self) -> "Response":
    required_fields = ("data", "meta", "errors")
    if not any(field in self.model_fields_set for field in required_fields):
        raise ValueError(
            f"At least one of {required_fields} MUST be specified in the top-level response"
        )
    if "errors" in self.model_fields_set and not self.errors:
        raise ValueError("Errors MUST NOT be an empty or 'null' value.")
    return self

ResponseMeta

Bases: Meta

A JSON API meta member that contains JSON API meta objects of non-standard meta-information.

OPTIONAL additional information global to the query that is not specified in this document, MUST start with a database-provider-specific prefix.

Source code in optimade/models/optimade_json.py 
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class ResponseMeta(jsonapi.Meta):
    """
    A [JSON API meta member](https://jsonapi.org/format/1.0#document-meta)
    that contains JSON API meta objects of non-standard
    meta-information.

    OPTIONAL additional information global to the query that is not
    specified in this document, MUST start with a
    database-provider-specific prefix.
    """

    query: Annotated[
        ResponseMetaQuery,
        StrictField(description="Information on the Query that was requested"),
    ]

    api_version: Annotated[
        SemanticVersion,
        StrictField(
            description="""Presently used full version of the OPTIMADE API.
The version number string MUST NOT be prefixed by, e.g., "v".
Examples: `1.0.0`, `1.0.0-rc.2`.""",
        ),
    ]

    more_data_available: Annotated[
        bool,
        StrictField(
            description="`false` if the response contains all data for the request (e.g., a request issued to a single entry endpoint, or a `filter` query at the last page of a paginated response) and `true` if the response is incomplete in the sense that multiple objects match the request, and not all of them have been included in the response (e.g., a query with multiple pages that is not at the last page).",
        ),
    ]

    # start of "SHOULD" fields for meta response
    optimade_schema: Annotated[
        jsonapi.JsonLinkType | None,
        StrictField(
            alias="schema",
            description="""A [JSON API links object](http://jsonapi.org/format/1.0/#document-links) that points to a schema for the response.
If it is a string, or a dictionary containing no `meta` field, the provided URL MUST point at an [OpenAPI](https://swagger.io/specification/) schema.
It is possible that future versions of this specification allows for alternative schema types.
Hence, if the `meta` field of the JSON API links object is provided and contains a field `schema_type` that is not equal to the string `OpenAPI` the client MUST not handle failures to parse the schema or to validate the response against the schema as errors.""",
        ),
    ] = None

    time_stamp: Annotated[
        datetime | None,
        StrictField(
            description="A timestamp containing the date and time at which the query was executed.",
        ),
    ] = None

    data_returned: Annotated[
        int | None,
        StrictField(
            description="An integer containing the total number of data resource objects returned for the current `filter` query, independent of pagination.",
            ge=0,
        ),
    ] = None

    provider: Annotated[
        Provider | None,
        StrictField(
            description="information on the database provider of the implementation."
        ),
    ] = None

    # start of "MAY" fields for meta response
    data_available: Annotated[
        int | None,
        StrictField(
            description="An integer containing the total number of data resource objects available in the database for the endpoint.",
        ),
    ] = None

    last_id: Annotated[
        str | None,
        StrictField(description="a string containing the last ID returned"),
    ] = None

    response_message: Annotated[
        str | None, StrictField(description="response string from the server")
    ] = None

    implementation: Annotated[
        Implementation | None,
        StrictField(description="a dictionary describing the server implementation"),
    ] = None

    warnings: Annotated[
        list[Warnings] | None,
        StrictField(
            description="""A list of warning resource objects representing non-critical errors or warnings.
A warning resource object is defined similarly to a [JSON API error object](http://jsonapi.org/format/1.0/#error-objects), but MUST also include the field `type`, which MUST have the value `"warning"`.
The field `detail` MUST be present and SHOULD contain a non-critical message, e.g., reporting unrecognized search attributes or deprecated features.
The field `status`, representing a HTTP response status code, MUST NOT be present for a warning resource object.
This is an exclusive field for error resource objects.""",
            uniqueItems=True,
        ),
    ] = None

api_version: Annotated[SemanticVersion, StrictField(description='Presently used full version of the OPTIMADE API.\nThe version number string MUST NOT be prefixed by, e.g., "v".\nExamples: `1.0.0`, `1.0.0-rc.2`.')] instance-attribute

data_available: Annotated[int | None, StrictField(description='An integer containing the total number of data resource objects available in the database for the endpoint.')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

data_returned: Annotated[int | None, StrictField(description='An integer containing the total number of data resource objects returned for the current `filter` query, independent of pagination.', ge=0)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

implementation: Annotated[Implementation | None, StrictField(description='a dictionary describing the server implementation')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

last_id: Annotated[str | None, StrictField(description='a string containing the last ID returned')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

model_config = ConfigDict(extra='allow') class-attribute instance-attribute

more_data_available: Annotated[bool, StrictField(description='`false` if the response contains all data for the request (e.g., a request issued to a single entry endpoint, or a `filter` query at the last page of a paginated response) and `true` if the response is incomplete in the sense that multiple objects match the request, and not all of them have been included in the response (e.g., a query with multiple pages that is not at the last page).')] instance-attribute

optimade_schema: Annotated[jsonapi.JsonLinkType | None, StrictField(alias=schema, description='A [JSON API links object](http://jsonapi.org/format/1.0/#document-links) that points to a schema for the response.\nIf it is a string, or a dictionary containing no `meta` field, the provided URL MUST point at an [OpenAPI](https://swagger.io/specification/) schema.\nIt is possible that future versions of this specification allows for alternative schema types.\nHence, if the `meta` field of the JSON API links object is provided and contains a field `schema_type` that is not equal to the string `OpenAPI` the client MUST not handle failures to parse the schema or to validate the response against the schema as errors.')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

provider: Annotated[Provider | None, StrictField(description='information on the database provider of the implementation.')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

query: Annotated[ResponseMetaQuery, StrictField(description='Information on the Query that was requested')] instance-attribute

response_message: Annotated[str | None, StrictField(description='response string from the server')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

time_stamp: Annotated[datetime | None, StrictField(description='A timestamp containing the date and time at which the query was executed.')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

warnings: Annotated[list[Warnings] | None, StrictField(description='A list of warning resource objects representing non-critical errors or warnings.\nA warning resource object is defined similarly to a [JSON API error object](http://jsonapi.org/format/1.0/#error-objects), but MUST also include the field `type`, which MUST have the value `"warning"`.\nThe field `detail` MUST be present and SHOULD contain a non-critical message, e.g., reporting unrecognized search attributes or deprecated features.\nThe field `status`, representing a HTTP response status code, MUST NOT be present for a warning resource object.\nThis is an exclusive field for error resource objects.', uniqueItems=True)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

ResponseMetaQuery

Bases: BaseModel

Information on the query that was requested.

Source code in optimade/models/optimade_json.py 
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class ResponseMetaQuery(BaseModel):
    """Information on the query that was requested."""

    representation: Annotated[
        str,
        StrictField(
            description="""A string with the part of the URL following the versioned or unversioned base URL that serves the API.
Query parameters that have not been used in processing the request MAY be omitted.
In particular, if no query parameters have been involved in processing the request, the query part of the URL MAY be excluded.
Example: `/structures?filter=nelements=2`""",
        ),
    ]

representation: Annotated[str, StrictField(description='A string with the part of the URL following the versioned or unversioned base URL that serves the API.\nQuery parameters that have not been used in processing the request MAY be omitted.\nIn particular, if no query parameters have been involved in processing the request, the query part of the URL MAY be excluded.\nExample: `/structures?filter=nelements=2`')] instance-attribute

Species

Bases: BaseModel

A list describing the species of the sites of this structure.

Species can represent pure chemical elements, virtual-crystal atoms representing a statistical occupation of a given site by multiple chemical elements, and/or a location to which there are attached atoms, i.e., atoms whose precise location are unknown beyond that they are attached to that position (frequently used to indicate hydrogen atoms attached to another element, e.g., a carbon with three attached hydrogens might represent a methyl group, -CH3).

  • Examples:
    • [ {"name": "Ti", "chemical_symbols": ["Ti"], "concentration": [1.0]} ]: any site with this species is occupied by a Ti atom.
    • [ {"name": "Ti", "chemical_symbols": ["Ti", "vacancy"], "concentration": [0.9, 0.1]} ]: any site with this species is occupied by a Ti atom with 90 % probability, and has a vacancy with 10 % probability.
    • [ {"name": "BaCa", "chemical_symbols": ["vacancy", "Ba", "Ca"], "concentration": [0.05, 0.45, 0.5], "mass": [0.0, 137.327, 40.078]} ]: any site with this species is occupied by a Ba atom with 45 % probability, a Ca atom with 50 % probability, and by a vacancy with 5 % probability. The mass of this site is (on average) 88.5 a.m.u.
    • [ {"name": "C12", "chemical_symbols": ["C"], "concentration": [1.0], "mass": [12.0]} ]: any site with this species is occupied by a carbon isotope with mass 12.
    • [ {"name": "C13", "chemical_symbols": ["C"], "concentration": [1.0], "mass": [13.0]} ]: any site with this species is occupied by a carbon isotope with mass 13.
    • [ {"name": "CH3", "chemical_symbols": ["C"], "concentration": [1.0], "attached": ["H"], "nattached": [3]} ]: any site with this species is occupied by a methyl group, -CH3, which is represented without specifying precise positions of the hydrogen atoms.
Source code in optimade/models/structures.py 
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class Species(BaseModel):
    """A list describing the species of the sites of this structure.

    Species can represent pure chemical elements, virtual-crystal atoms representing a
    statistical occupation of a given site by multiple chemical elements, and/or a
    location to which there are attached atoms, i.e., atoms whose precise location are
    unknown beyond that they are attached to that position (frequently used to indicate
    hydrogen atoms attached to another element, e.g., a carbon with three attached
    hydrogens might represent a methyl group, -CH3).

    - **Examples**:
        - `[ {"name": "Ti", "chemical_symbols": ["Ti"], "concentration": [1.0]} ]`: any site with this species is occupied by a Ti atom.
        - `[ {"name": "Ti", "chemical_symbols": ["Ti", "vacancy"], "concentration": [0.9, 0.1]} ]`: any site with this species is occupied by a Ti atom with 90 % probability, and has a vacancy with 10 % probability.
        - `[ {"name": "BaCa", "chemical_symbols": ["vacancy", "Ba", "Ca"], "concentration": [0.05, 0.45, 0.5], "mass": [0.0, 137.327, 40.078]} ]`: any site with this species is occupied by a Ba atom with 45 % probability, a Ca atom with 50 % probability, and by a vacancy with 5 % probability. The mass of this site is (on average) 88.5 a.m.u.
        - `[ {"name": "C12", "chemical_symbols": ["C"], "concentration": [1.0], "mass": [12.0]} ]`: any site with this species is occupied by a carbon isotope with mass 12.
        - `[ {"name": "C13", "chemical_symbols": ["C"], "concentration": [1.0], "mass": [13.0]} ]`: any site with this species is occupied by a carbon isotope with mass 13.
        - `[ {"name": "CH3", "chemical_symbols": ["C"], "concentration": [1.0], "attached": ["H"], "nattached": [3]} ]`: any site with this species is occupied by a methyl group, -CH3, which is represented without specifying precise positions of the hydrogen atoms.

    """

    name: Annotated[
        str,
        OptimadeField(
            description="""Gives the name of the species; the **name** value MUST be unique in the `species` list.""",
            support=SupportLevel.MUST,
            queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
        ),
    ]

    chemical_symbols: Annotated[
        list[ChemicalSymbol],
        OptimadeField(
            description="""MUST be a list of strings of all chemical elements composing this species. Each item of the list MUST be one of the following:

- a valid chemical-element symbol, or
- the special value `"X"` to represent a non-chemical element, or
- the special value `"vacancy"` to represent that this site has a non-zero probability of having a vacancy (the respective probability is indicated in the `concentration` list, see below).

If any one entry in the `species` list has a `chemical_symbols` list that is longer than 1 element, the correct flag MUST be set in the list `structure_features`.""",
            support=SupportLevel.MUST,
            queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
        ),
    ]

    concentration: Annotated[
        list[float],
        OptimadeField(
            description="""MUST be a list of floats, with same length as `chemical_symbols`. The numbers represent the relative concentration of the corresponding chemical symbol in this species. The numbers SHOULD sum to one. Cases in which the numbers do not sum to one typically fall only in the following two categories:

- Numerical errors when representing float numbers in fixed precision, e.g. for two chemical symbols with concentrations `1/3` and `2/3`, the concentration might look something like `[0.33333333333, 0.66666666666]`. If the client is aware that the sum is not one because of numerical precision, it can renormalize the values so that the sum is exactly one.
- Experimental errors in the data present in the database. In this case, it is the responsibility of the client to decide how to process the data.

Note that concentrations are uncorrelated between different site (even of the same species).""",
            support=SupportLevel.MUST,
            queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
        ),
    ]

    mass: Annotated[
        list[float] | None,
        OptimadeField(
            description="""If present MUST be a list of floats expressed in a.m.u.
Elements denoting vacancies MUST have masses equal to 0.""",
            unit="a.m.u.",
            support=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
            queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
        ),
    ] = None

    original_name: Annotated[
        str | None,
        OptimadeField(
            description="""Can be any valid Unicode string, and SHOULD contain (if specified) the name of the species that is used internally in the source database.

Note: With regards to "source database", we refer to the immediate source being queried via the OPTIMADE API implementation.""",
            support=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
            queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
        ),
    ] = None

    attached: Annotated[
        list[str] | None,
        OptimadeField(
            description="""If provided MUST be a list of length 1 or more of strings of chemical symbols for the elements attached to this site, or "X" for a non-chemical element.""",
            support=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
            queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
        ),
    ] = None

    nattached: Annotated[
        list[int] | None,
        OptimadeField(
            description="""If provided MUST be a list of length 1 or more of integers indicating the number of attached atoms of the kind specified in the value of the :field:`attached` key.""",
            support=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
            queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
        ),
    ] = None

    @field_validator("concentration", "mass", mode="after")
    def validate_concentration_and_mass(
        cls, value: list[float] | None, info: "ValidationInfo"
    ) -> list[float] | None:
        if not value:
            return value

        if info.data.get("chemical_symbols"):
            if len(value) != len(info.data["chemical_symbols"]):
                raise ValueError(
                    f"Length of concentration ({len(value)}) MUST equal length of "
                    f"chemical_symbols ({len(info.data['chemical_symbols'])})"
                )
            return value

        raise ValueError(
            f"Could not validate {info.field_name!r} as 'chemical_symbols' is missing/invalid."
        )

    @field_validator("attached", "nattached", mode="after")
    @classmethod
    def validate_minimum_list_length(
        cls, value: list[str] | list[int] | None
    ) -> list[str] | list[int] | None:
        if value is not None and len(value) < 1:
            raise ValueError(
                "The list's length MUST be 1 or more, instead it was found to be "
                f"{len(value)}"
            )
        return value

    @model_validator(mode="after")
    def attached_nattached_mutually_exclusive(self) -> "Species":
        if (self.attached is None and self.nattached is not None) or (
            self.attached is not None and self.nattached is None
        ):
            raise ValueError(
                f"Either both or none of attached ({self.attached}) and nattached "
                f"({self.nattached}) MUST be set."
            )

        if (
            self.attached is not None
            and self.nattached is not None
            and len(self.attached) != len(self.nattached)
        ):
            raise ValueError(
                f"attached ({self.attached}) and nattached ({self.nattached}) MUST be "
                "lists of equal length."
            )

        return self

attached: Annotated[list[str] | None, OptimadeField(description='If provided MUST be a list of length 1 or more of strings of chemical symbols for the elements attached to this site, or "X" for a non-chemical element.', support=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL, queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

chemical_symbols: Annotated[list[ChemicalSymbol], OptimadeField(description='MUST be a list of strings of all chemical elements composing this species. Each item of the list MUST be one of the following:\n\n- a valid chemical-element symbol, or\n- the special value `"X"` to represent a non-chemical element, or\n- the special value `"vacancy"` to represent that this site has a non-zero probability of having a vacancy (the respective probability is indicated in the `concentration` list, see below).\n\nIf any one entry in the `species` list has a `chemical_symbols` list that is longer than 1 element, the correct flag MUST be set in the list `structure_features`.', support=SupportLevel.MUST, queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL)] instance-attribute

concentration: Annotated[list[float], OptimadeField(description='MUST be a list of floats, with same length as `chemical_symbols`. The numbers represent the relative concentration of the corresponding chemical symbol in this species. The numbers SHOULD sum to one. Cases in which the numbers do not sum to one typically fall only in the following two categories:\n\n- Numerical errors when representing float numbers in fixed precision, e.g. for two chemical symbols with concentrations `1/3` and `2/3`, the concentration might look something like `[0.33333333333, 0.66666666666]`. If the client is aware that the sum is not one because of numerical precision, it can renormalize the values so that the sum is exactly one.\n- Experimental errors in the data present in the database. In this case, it is the responsibility of the client to decide how to process the data.\n\nNote that concentrations are uncorrelated between different site (even of the same species).', support=SupportLevel.MUST, queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL)] instance-attribute

mass: Annotated[list[float] | None, OptimadeField(description='If present MUST be a list of floats expressed in a.m.u.\nElements denoting vacancies MUST have masses equal to 0.', unit='a.m.u.', support=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL, queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

name: Annotated[str, OptimadeField(description='Gives the name of the species; the **name** value MUST be unique in the `species` list.', support=SupportLevel.MUST, queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL)] instance-attribute

nattached: Annotated[list[int] | None, OptimadeField(description='If provided MUST be a list of length 1 or more of integers indicating the number of attached atoms of the kind specified in the value of the :field:`attached` key.', support=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL, queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

original_name: Annotated[str | None, OptimadeField(description='Can be any valid Unicode string, and SHOULD contain (if specified) the name of the species that is used internally in the source database.\n\nNote: With regards to "source database", we refer to the immediate source being queried via the OPTIMADE API implementation.', support=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL, queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

attached_nattached_mutually_exclusive()

Source code in optimade/models/structures.py 
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@model_validator(mode="after")
def attached_nattached_mutually_exclusive(self) -> "Species":
    if (self.attached is None and self.nattached is not None) or (
        self.attached is not None and self.nattached is None
    ):
        raise ValueError(
            f"Either both or none of attached ({self.attached}) and nattached "
            f"({self.nattached}) MUST be set."
        )

    if (
        self.attached is not None
        and self.nattached is not None
        and len(self.attached) != len(self.nattached)
    ):
        raise ValueError(
            f"attached ({self.attached}) and nattached ({self.nattached}) MUST be "
            "lists of equal length."
        )

    return self

validate_concentration_and_mass(value, info)

Source code in optimade/models/structures.py 
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@field_validator("concentration", "mass", mode="after")
def validate_concentration_and_mass(
    cls, value: list[float] | None, info: "ValidationInfo"
) -> list[float] | None:
    if not value:
        return value

    if info.data.get("chemical_symbols"):
        if len(value) != len(info.data["chemical_symbols"]):
            raise ValueError(
                f"Length of concentration ({len(value)}) MUST equal length of "
                f"chemical_symbols ({len(info.data['chemical_symbols'])})"
            )
        return value

    raise ValueError(
        f"Could not validate {info.field_name!r} as 'chemical_symbols' is missing/invalid."
    )

validate_minimum_list_length(value) classmethod

Source code in optimade/models/structures.py 
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@field_validator("attached", "nattached", mode="after")
@classmethod
def validate_minimum_list_length(
    cls, value: list[str] | list[int] | None
) -> list[str] | list[int] | None:
    if value is not None and len(value) < 1:
        raise ValueError(
            "The list's length MUST be 1 or more, instead it was found to be "
            f"{len(value)}"
        )
    return value

StructureFeatures

Bases: Enum

Enumeration of structure_features values

Source code in optimade/models/structures.py 
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class StructureFeatures(Enum):
    """Enumeration of structure_features values"""

    DISORDER = "disorder"
    IMPLICIT_ATOMS = "implicit_atoms"
    SITE_ATTACHMENTS = "site_attachments"
    ASSEMBLIES = "assemblies"

ASSEMBLIES = 'assemblies' class-attribute instance-attribute

DISORDER = 'disorder' class-attribute instance-attribute

IMPLICIT_ATOMS = 'implicit_atoms' class-attribute instance-attribute

SITE_ATTACHMENTS = 'site_attachments' class-attribute instance-attribute

StructureResource

Bases: EntryResource

Representing a structure.

Source code in optimade/models/structures.py 
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class StructureResource(EntryResource):
    """Representing a structure."""

    type: Annotated[
        Literal["structures"],
        StrictField(
            description="""The name of the type of an entry.

- **Type**: string.

- **Requirements/Conventions**:
    - **Support**: MUST be supported by all implementations, MUST NOT be `null`.
    - **Query**: MUST be a queryable property with support for all mandatory filter features.
    - **Response**: REQUIRED in the response.
    - MUST be an existing entry type.
    - The entry of type `<type>` and ID `<id>` MUST be returned in response to a request for `/<type>/<id>` under the versioned base URL.

- **Examples**:
    - `"structures"`""",
            pattern="^structures$",
            support=SupportLevel.MUST,
            queryable=SupportLevel.MUST,
        ),
    ] = "structures"

    attributes: StructureResourceAttributes

attributes: StructureResourceAttributes instance-attribute

id: Annotated[str, OptimadeField(description='An entry\'s ID as defined in section Definition of Terms.\n\n- **Type**: string.\n\n- **Requirements/Conventions**:\n - **Support**: MUST be supported by all implementations, MUST NOT be `null`.\n - **Query**: MUST be a queryable property with support for all mandatory filter features.\n - **Response**: REQUIRED in the response.\n\n- **Examples**:\n - `"db/1234567"`\n - `"cod/2000000"`\n - `"cod/2000000@1234567"`\n - `"nomad/L1234567890"`\n - `"42"`', support=SupportLevel.MUST, queryable=SupportLevel.MUST)] instance-attribute

meta: Annotated[Meta | None, StrictField(description='a meta object containing non-standard meta-information about a resource that can not be represented as an attribute or relationship.')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

model_config = ConfigDict(json_schema_extra=resource_json_schema_extra) class-attribute instance-attribute

relationships: Annotated[EntryRelationships | None, StrictField(description='A dictionary containing references to other entries according to the description in section Relationships encoded as [JSON API Relationships](https://jsonapi.org/format/1.0/#document-resource-object-relationships).\nThe OPTIONAL human-readable description of the relationship MAY be provided in the `description` field inside the `meta` dictionary of the JSON API resource identifier object.')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

type: Annotated[Literal['structures'], StrictField(description='The name of the type of an entry.\n\n- **Type**: string.\n\n- **Requirements/Conventions**:\n - **Support**: MUST be supported by all implementations, MUST NOT be `null`.\n - **Query**: MUST be a queryable property with support for all mandatory filter features.\n - **Response**: REQUIRED in the response.\n - MUST be an existing entry type.\n - The entry of type `<type>` and ID `<id>` MUST be returned in response to a request for `/<type>/<id>` under the versioned base URL.\n\n- **Examples**:\n - `"structures"`', pattern='^structures$', support=SupportLevel.MUST, queryable=SupportLevel.MUST)] = 'structures' class-attribute instance-attribute

StructureResourceAttributes

Bases: EntryResourceAttributes

This class contains the Field for the attributes used to represent a structure, e.g. unit cell, atoms, positions.

Source code in optimade/models/structures.py 
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class StructureResourceAttributes(EntryResourceAttributes):
    """This class contains the Field for the attributes used to represent a structure, e.g. unit cell, atoms, positions."""

    elements: Annotated[
        list[str] | None,
        OptimadeField(
            description="""The chemical symbols of the different elements present in the structure.

- **Type**: list of strings.

- **Requirements/Conventions**:
    - **Support**: SHOULD be supported by all implementations, i.e., SHOULD NOT be `null`.
    - **Query**: MUST be a queryable property with support for all mandatory filter features.
    - The strings are the chemical symbols, i.e., either a single uppercase letter or an uppercase letter followed by a number of lowercase letters.
    - The order MUST be alphabetical.
    - MUST refer to the same elements in the same order, and therefore be of the same length, as `elements_ratios`, if the latter is provided.
    - Note: This property SHOULD NOT contain the string "X" to indicate non-chemical elements or "vacancy" to indicate vacancies (in contrast to the field `chemical_symbols` for the `species` property).

- **Examples**:
    - `["Si"]`
    - `["Al","O","Si"]`

- **Query examples**:
    - A filter that matches all records of structures that contain Si, Al **and** O, and possibly other elements: `elements HAS ALL "Si", "Al", "O"`.
    - To match structures with exactly these three elements, use `elements HAS ALL "Si", "Al", "O" AND elements LENGTH 3`.
    - Note: length queries on this property can be equivalently formulated by filtering on the `nelements`_ property directly.""",
            support=SupportLevel.SHOULD,
            queryable=SupportLevel.MUST,
        ),
    ] = None

    nelements: Annotated[
        int | None,
        OptimadeField(
            description="""Number of different elements in the structure as an integer.

- **Type**: integer

- **Requirements/Conventions**:
    - **Support**: SHOULD be supported by all implementations, i.e., SHOULD NOT be `null`.
    - **Query**: MUST be a queryable property with support for all mandatory filter features.
    - MUST be equal to the lengths of the list properties `elements` and `elements_ratios`, if they are provided.

- **Examples**:
    - `3`

- **Querying**:
    - Note: queries on this property can equivalently be formulated using `elements LENGTH`.
    - A filter that matches structures that have exactly 4 elements: `nelements=4`.
    - A filter that matches structures that have between 2 and 7 elements: `nelements>=2 AND nelements<=7`.""",
            support=SupportLevel.SHOULD,
            queryable=SupportLevel.MUST,
        ),
    ] = None

    elements_ratios: Annotated[
        list[float] | None,
        OptimadeField(
            description="""Relative proportions of different elements in the structure.

- **Type**: list of floats

- **Requirements/Conventions**:
    - **Support**: SHOULD be supported by all implementations, i.e., SHOULD NOT be `null`.
    - **Query**: MUST be a queryable property with support for all mandatory filter features.
    - Composed by the proportions of elements in the structure as a list of floating point numbers.
    - The sum of the numbers MUST be 1.0 (within floating point accuracy)
    - MUST refer to the same elements in the same order, and therefore be of the same length, as `elements`, if the latter is provided.

- **Examples**:
    - `[1.0]`
    - `[0.3333333333333333, 0.2222222222222222, 0.4444444444444444]`

- **Query examples**:
    - Note: Useful filters can be formulated using the set operator syntax for correlated values.
      However, since the values are floating point values, the use of equality comparisons is generally inadvisable.
    - OPTIONAL: a filter that matches structures where approximately 1/3 of the atoms in the structure are the element Al is: `elements:elements_ratios HAS ALL "Al":>0.3333, "Al":<0.3334`.""",
            support=SupportLevel.SHOULD,
            queryable=SupportLevel.MUST,
        ),
    ] = None

    chemical_formula_descriptive: Annotated[
        str | None,
        OptimadeField(
            description="""The chemical formula for a structure as a string in a form chosen by the API implementation.

- **Type**: string

- **Requirements/Conventions**:
    - **Support**: SHOULD be supported by all implementations, i.e., SHOULD NOT be `null`.
    - **Query**: MUST be a queryable property with support for all mandatory filter features.
    - The chemical formula is given as a string consisting of properly capitalized element symbols followed by integers or decimal numbers, balanced parentheses, square, and curly brackets `(`,`)`, `[`,`]`, `{`, `}`, commas, the `+`, `-`, `:` and `=` symbols. The parentheses are allowed to be followed by a number. Spaces are allowed anywhere except within chemical symbols. The order of elements and any groupings indicated by parentheses or brackets are chosen freely by the API implementation.
    - The string SHOULD be arithmetically consistent with the element ratios in the `chemical_formula_reduced` property.
    - It is RECOMMENDED, but not mandatory, that symbols, parentheses and brackets, if used, are used with the meanings prescribed by [IUPAC's Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry](https://www.qmul.ac.uk/sbcs/iupac/bibliog/blue.html).

- **Examples**:
    - `"(H2O)2 Na"`
    - `"NaCl"`
    - `"CaCO3"`
    - `"CCaO3"`
    - `"(CH3)3N+ - [CH2]2-OH = Me3N+ - CH2 - CH2OH"`

- **Query examples**:
    - Note: the free-form nature of this property is likely to make queries on it across different databases inconsistent.
    - A filter that matches an exactly given formula: `chemical_formula_descriptive="(H2O)2 Na"`.
    - A filter that does a partial match: `chemical_formula_descriptive CONTAINS "H2O"`.""",
            support=SupportLevel.SHOULD,
            queryable=SupportLevel.MUST,
        ),
    ] = None

    chemical_formula_reduced: Annotated[
        str | None,
        OptimadeField(
            description="""The reduced chemical formula for a structure as a string with element symbols and integer chemical proportion numbers.
The proportion number MUST be omitted if it is 1.

- **Type**: string

- **Requirements/Conventions**:
    - **Support**: SHOULD be supported by all implementations, i.e., SHOULD NOT be `null`.
    - **Query**: MUST be a queryable property.
      However, support for filters using partial string matching with this property is OPTIONAL (i.e., BEGINS WITH, ENDS WITH, and CONTAINS).
      Intricate queries on formula components are instead suggested to be formulated using set-type filter operators on the multi valued `elements` and `elements_ratios` properties.
    - Element symbols MUST have proper capitalization (e.g., `"Si"`, not `"SI"` for "silicon").
    - Elements MUST be placed in alphabetical order, followed by their integer chemical proportion number.
    - For structures with no partial occupation, the chemical proportion numbers are the smallest integers for which the chemical proportion is exactly correct.
    - For structures with partial occupation, the chemical proportion numbers are integers that within reasonable approximation indicate the correct chemical proportions. The precise details of how to perform the rounding is chosen by the API implementation.
    - No spaces or separators are allowed.

- **Examples**:
    - `"H2NaO"`
    - `"ClNa"`
    - `"CCaO3"`

- **Query examples**:
    - A filter that matches an exactly given formula is `chemical_formula_reduced="H2NaO"`.""",
            support=SupportLevel.SHOULD,
            queryable=SupportLevel.MUST,
            pattern=CHEMICAL_FORMULA_REGEXP,
        ),
    ] = None

    chemical_formula_hill: Annotated[
        str | None,
        OptimadeField(
            description="""The chemical formula for a structure in [Hill form](https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja02046a005) with element symbols followed by integer chemical proportion numbers. The proportion number MUST be omitted if it is 1.

- **Type**: string

- **Requirements/Conventions**:
    - **Support**: OPTIONAL support in implementations, i.e., MAY be `null`.
    - **Query**: Support for queries on this property is OPTIONAL.
      If supported, only a subset of the filter features MAY be supported.
    - The overall scale factor of the chemical proportions is chosen such that the resulting values are integers that indicate the most chemically relevant unit of which the system is composed.
      For example, if the structure is a repeating unit cell with four hydrogens and four oxygens that represents two hydroperoxide molecules, `chemical_formula_hill` is `"H2O2"` (i.e., not `"HO"`, nor `"H4O4"`).
    - If the chemical insight needed to ascribe a Hill formula to the system is not present, the property MUST be handled as unset.
    - Element symbols MUST have proper capitalization (e.g., `"Si"`, not `"SI"` for "silicon").
    - Elements MUST be placed in [Hill order](https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja02046a005), followed by their integer chemical proportion number.
      Hill order means: if carbon is present, it is placed first, and if also present, hydrogen is placed second.
      After that, all other elements are ordered alphabetically.
      If carbon is not present, all elements are ordered alphabetically.
    - If the system has sites with partial occupation and the total occupations of each element do not all sum up to integers, then the Hill formula SHOULD be handled as unset.
    - No spaces or separators are allowed.

- **Examples**:
    - `"H2O2"`

- **Query examples**:
    - A filter that matches an exactly given formula is `chemical_formula_hill="H2O2"`.""",
            support=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
            queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
            pattern=CHEMICAL_FORMULA_REGEXP,
        ),
    ] = None

    chemical_formula_anonymous: Annotated[
        str | None,
        OptimadeField(
            description="""The anonymous formula is the `chemical_formula_reduced`, but where the elements are instead first ordered by their chemical proportion number, and then, in order left to right, replaced by anonymous symbols A, B, C, ..., Z, Aa, Ba, ..., Za, Ab, Bb, ... and so on.

- **Type**: string

- **Requirements/Conventions**:
    - **Support**: SHOULD be supported by all implementations, i.e., SHOULD NOT be `null`.
    - **Query**: MUST be a queryable property.
      However, support for filters using partial string matching with this property is OPTIONAL (i.e., BEGINS WITH, ENDS WITH, and CONTAINS).

- **Examples**:
    - `"A2B"`
    - `"A42B42C16D12E10F9G5"`

- **Querying**:
    - A filter that matches an exactly given formula is `chemical_formula_anonymous="A2B"`.""",
            support=SupportLevel.SHOULD,
            queryable=SupportLevel.MUST,
            pattern=CHEMICAL_FORMULA_REGEXP,
        ),
    ] = None

    dimension_types: Annotated[
        list[Periodicity] | None,
        OptimadeField(
            min_length=3,
            max_length=3,
            title="Dimension Types",
            description="""List of three integers.
For each of the three directions indicated by the three lattice vectors (see property `lattice_vectors`), this list indicates if the direction is periodic (value `1`) or non-periodic (value `0`).
Note: the elements in this list each refer to the direction of the corresponding entry in `lattice_vectors` and *not* the Cartesian x, y, z directions.

- **Type**: list of integers.

- **Requirements/Conventions**:
    - **Support**: SHOULD be supported by all implementations, i.e., SHOULD NOT be `null`.
    - **Query**: Support for queries on this property is OPTIONAL.
    - MUST be a list of length 3.
    - Each integer element MUST assume only the value 0 or 1.

- **Examples**:
    - For a molecule: `[0, 0, 0]`
    - For a wire along the direction specified by the third lattice vector: `[0, 0, 1]`
    - For a 2D surface/slab, periodic on the plane defined by the first and third lattice vectors: `[1, 0, 1]`
    - For a bulk 3D system: `[1, 1, 1]`""",
            support=SupportLevel.SHOULD,
            queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
        ),
    ] = None

    nperiodic_dimensions: Annotated[
        int | None,
        OptimadeField(
            description="""An integer specifying the number of periodic dimensions in the structure, equivalent to the number of non-zero entries in `dimension_types`.

- **Type**: integer

- **Requirements/Conventions**:
    - **Support**: SHOULD be supported by all implementations, i.e., SHOULD NOT be `null`.
    - **Query**: MUST be a queryable property with support for all mandatory filter features.
    - The integer value MUST be between 0 and 3 inclusive and MUST be equal to the sum of the items in the `dimension_types` property.
    - This property only reflects the treatment of the lattice vectors provided for the structure, and not any physical interpretation of the dimensionality of its contents.

- **Examples**:
    - `2` should be indicated in cases where `dimension_types` is any of `[1, 1, 0]`, `[1, 0, 1]`, `[0, 1, 1]`.

- **Query examples**:
    - Match only structures with exactly 3 periodic dimensions: `nperiodic_dimensions=3`
    - Match all structures with 2 or fewer periodic dimensions: `nperiodic_dimensions<=2`""",
            support=SupportLevel.SHOULD,
            queryable=SupportLevel.MUST,
        ),
    ] = None

    lattice_vectors: Annotated[
        list[Vector3D_unknown] | None,
        OptimadeField(
            min_length=3,
            max_length=3,
            description="""The three lattice vectors in Cartesian coordinates, in ångström (Å).

- **Type**: list of list of floats or unknown values.

- **Requirements/Conventions**:
    - **Support**: SHOULD be supported by all implementations, i.e., SHOULD NOT be `null`.
    - **Query**: Support for queries on this property is OPTIONAL.
      If supported, filters MAY support only a subset of comparison operators.
    - MUST be a list of three vectors *a*, *b*, and *c*, where each of the vectors MUST BE a list of the vector's coordinates along the x, y, and z Cartesian coordinates.
      (Therefore, the first index runs over the three lattice vectors and the second index runs over the x, y, z Cartesian coordinates).
    - For databases that do not define an absolute Cartesian system (e.g., only defining the length and angles between vectors), the first lattice vector SHOULD be set along *x* and the second on the *xy*-plane.
    - MUST always contain three vectors of three coordinates each, independently of the elements of property `dimension_types`.
      The vectors SHOULD by convention be chosen so the determinant of the `lattice_vectors` matrix is different from zero.
      The vectors in the non-periodic directions have no significance beyond fulfilling these requirements.
    - The coordinates of the lattice vectors of non-periodic dimensions (i.e., those dimensions for which `dimension_types` is `0`) MAY be given as a list of all `null` values.
        If a lattice vector contains the value `null`, all coordinates of that lattice vector MUST be `null`.

- **Examples**:
    - `[[4.0,0.0,0.0],[0.0,4.0,0.0],[0.0,1.0,4.0]]` represents a cell, where the first vector is `(4, 0, 0)`, i.e., a vector aligned along the `x` axis of length 4 Å; the second vector is `(0, 4, 0)`; and the third vector is `(0, 1, 4)`.""",
            unit="Å",
            support=SupportLevel.SHOULD,
            queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
        ),
    ] = None

    cartesian_site_positions: Annotated[
        list[Vector3D] | None,
        OptimadeField(
            description="""Cartesian positions of each site in the structure.
A site is usually used to describe positions of atoms; what atoms can be encountered at a given site is conveyed by the `species_at_sites` property, and the species themselves are described in the `species` property.

- **Type**: list of list of floats

- **Requirements/Conventions**:
    - **Support**: SHOULD be supported by all implementations, i.e., SHOULD NOT be `null`.
    - **Query**: Support for queries on this property is OPTIONAL.
      If supported, filters MAY support only a subset of comparison operators.
    - It MUST be a list of length equal to the number of sites in the structure, where every element is a list of the three Cartesian coordinates of a site expressed as float values in the unit angstrom (Å).
    - An entry MAY have multiple sites at the same Cartesian position (for a relevant use of this, see e.g., the property `assemblies`).

- **Examples**:
    - `[[0,0,0],[0,0,2]]` indicates a structure with two sites, one sitting at the origin and one along the (positive) *z*-axis, 2 Å away from the origin.""",
            unit="Å",
            support=SupportLevel.SHOULD,
            queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
        ),
    ] = None

    nsites: Annotated[
        int | None,
        OptimadeField(
            description="""An integer specifying the length of the `cartesian_site_positions` property.

- **Type**: integer

- **Requirements/Conventions**:
    - **Support**: SHOULD be supported by all implementations, i.e., SHOULD NOT be `null`.
    - **Query**: MUST be a queryable property with support for all mandatory filter features.

- **Examples**:
    - `42`

- **Query examples**:
    - Match only structures with exactly 4 sites: `nsites=4`
    - Match structures that have between 2 and 7 sites: `nsites>=2 AND nsites<=7`""",
            queryable=SupportLevel.MUST,
            support=SupportLevel.SHOULD,
        ),
    ] = None

    species: Annotated[
        list[Species] | None,
        OptimadeField(
            description="""A list describing the species of the sites of this structure.
Species can represent pure chemical elements, virtual-crystal atoms representing a statistical occupation of a given site by multiple chemical elements, and/or a location to which there are attached atoms, i.e., atoms whose precise location are unknown beyond that they are attached to that position (frequently used to indicate hydrogen atoms attached to another element, e.g., a carbon with three attached hydrogens might represent a methyl group, -CH3).

- **Type**: list of dictionary with keys:
    - `name`: string (REQUIRED)
    - `chemical_symbols`: list of strings (REQUIRED)
    - `concentration`: list of float (REQUIRED)
    - `attached`: list of strings (REQUIRED)
    - `nattached`: list of integers (OPTIONAL)
    - `mass`: list of floats (OPTIONAL)
    - `original_name`: string (OPTIONAL).

- **Requirements/Conventions**:
    - **Support**: SHOULD be supported by all implementations, i.e., SHOULD NOT be `null`.
    - **Query**: Support for queries on this property is OPTIONAL.
        If supported, filters MAY support only a subset of comparison operators.
    - Each list member MUST be a dictionary with the following keys:
        - **name**: REQUIRED; gives the name of the species; the **name** value MUST be unique in the `species` list;
        - **chemical_symbols**: REQUIRED; MUST be a list of strings of all chemical elements composing this species.
          Each item of the list MUST be one of the following:
            - a valid chemical-element symbol, or
            - the special value `"X"` to represent a non-chemical element, or
            - the special value `"vacancy"` to represent that this site has a non-zero probability of having a vacancy (the respective probability is indicated in the `concentration` list, see below).

          If any one entry in the `species` list has a `chemical_symbols` list that is longer than 1 element, the correct flag MUST be set in the list `structure_features`.

        - **concentration**: REQUIRED; MUST be a list of floats, with same length as `chemical_symbols`.
          The numbers represent the relative concentration of the corresponding chemical symbol in this species.
          The numbers SHOULD sum to one. Cases in which the numbers do not sum to one typically fall only in the following two categories:

            - Numerical errors when representing float numbers in fixed precision, e.g. for two chemical symbols with concentrations `1/3` and `2/3`, the concentration might look something like `[0.33333333333, 0.66666666666]`. If the client is aware that the sum is not one because of numerical precision, it can renormalize the values so that the sum is exactly one.
            - Experimental errors in the data present in the database. In this case, it is the responsibility of the client to decide how to process the data.

            Note that concentrations are uncorrelated between different sites (even of the same species).

        - **attached**: OPTIONAL; if provided MUST be a list of length 1 or more of strings of chemical symbols for the elements attached to this site, or "X" for a non-chemical element.

        - **nattached**: OPTIONAL; if provided MUST be a list of length 1 or more of integers indicating the number of attached atoms of the kind specified in the value of the `attached` key.

          The implementation MUST include either both or none of the `attached` and `nattached` keys, and if they are provided, they MUST be of the same length.
          Furthermore, if they are provided, the `structure_features` property MUST include the string `site_attachments`.

        - **mass**: OPTIONAL. If present MUST be a list of floats, with the same length as `chemical_symbols`, providing element masses expressed in a.m.u.
          Elements denoting vacancies MUST have masses equal to 0.

        - **original_name**: OPTIONAL. Can be any valid Unicode string, and SHOULD contain (if specified) the name of the species that is used internally in the source database.

          Note: With regards to "source database", we refer to the immediate source being queried via the OPTIMADE API implementation.

          The main use of this field is for source databases that use species names, containing characters that are not allowed (see description of the list property `species_at_sites`).

    - For systems that have only species formed by a single chemical symbol, and that have at most one species per chemical symbol, SHOULD use the chemical symbol as species name (e.g., `"Ti"` for titanium, `"O"` for oxygen, etc.)
      However, note that this is OPTIONAL, and client implementations MUST NOT assume that the key corresponds to a chemical symbol, nor assume that if the species name is a valid chemical symbol, that it represents a species with that chemical symbol.
      This means that a species `{"name": "C", "chemical_symbols": ["Ti"], "concentration": [1.0]}` is valid and represents a titanium species (and *not* a carbon species).
    - It is NOT RECOMMENDED that a structure includes species that do not have at least one corresponding site.

- **Examples**:
    - `[ {"name": "Ti", "chemical_symbols": ["Ti"], "concentration": [1.0]} ]`: any site with this species is occupied by a Ti atom.
    - `[ {"name": "Ti", "chemical_symbols": ["Ti", "vacancy"], "concentration": [0.9, 0.1]} ]`: any site with this species is occupied by a Ti atom with 90 % probability, and has a vacancy with 10 % probability.
    - `[ {"name": "BaCa", "chemical_symbols": ["vacancy", "Ba", "Ca"], "concentration": [0.05, 0.45, 0.5], "mass": [0.0, 137.327, 40.078]} ]`: any site with this species is occupied by a Ba atom with 45 % probability, a Ca atom with 50 % probability, and by a vacancy with 5 % probability. The mass of this site is (on average) 88.5 a.m.u.
    - `[ {"name": "C12", "chemical_symbols": ["C"], "concentration": [1.0], "mass": [12.0]} ]`: any site with this species is occupied by a carbon isotope with mass 12.
    - `[ {"name": "C13", "chemical_symbols": ["C"], "concentration": [1.0], "mass": [13.0]} ]`: any site with this species is occupied by a carbon isotope with mass 13.
    - `[ {"name": "CH3", "chemical_symbols": ["C"], "concentration": [1.0], "attached": ["H"], "nattached": [3]} ]`: any site with this species is occupied by a methyl group, -CH3, which is represented without specifying precise positions of the hydrogen atoms.""",
            support=SupportLevel.SHOULD,
            queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
        ),
    ] = None

    species_at_sites: Annotated[
        list[str] | None,
        OptimadeField(
            description="""Name of the species at each site (where values for sites are specified with the same order of the property `cartesian_site_positions`).
The properties of the species are found in the property `species`.

- **Type**: list of strings.

- **Requirements/Conventions**:
    - **Support**: SHOULD be supported by all implementations, i.e., SHOULD NOT be `null`.
    - **Query**: Support for queries on this property is OPTIONAL.
      If supported, filters MAY support only a subset of comparison operators.
    - MUST have length equal to the number of sites in the structure (first dimension of the list property `cartesian_site_positions`).
    - Each species name mentioned in the `species_at_sites` list MUST be described in the list property `species` (i.e. for each value in the `species_at_sites` list there MUST exist exactly one dictionary in the `species` list with the `name` attribute equal to the corresponding `species_at_sites` value).
    - Each site MUST be associated only to a single species.
      **Note**: However, species can represent mixtures of atoms, and multiple species MAY be defined for the same chemical element.
      This latter case is useful when different atoms of the same type need to be grouped or distinguished, for instance in simulation codes to assign different initial spin states.

- **Examples**:
    - `["Ti","O2"]` indicates that the first site is hosting a species labeled `"Ti"` and the second a species labeled `"O2"`.
    - `["Ac", "Ac", "Ag", "Ir"]` indicating the first two sites contains the `"Ac"` species, while the third and fourth sites contain the `"Ag"` and `"Ir"` species, respectively.""",
            support=SupportLevel.SHOULD,
            queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
        ),
    ] = None

    assemblies: Annotated[
        list[Assembly] | None,
        OptimadeField(
            description="""A description of groups of sites that are statistically correlated.

- **Type**: list of dictionary with keys:
    - `sites_in_groups`: list of list of integers (REQUIRED)
    - `group_probabilities`: list of floats (REQUIRED)

- **Requirements/Conventions**:
    - **Support**: OPTIONAL support in implementations, i.e., MAY be `null`.
    - **Query**: Support for queries on this property is OPTIONAL.
        If supported, filters MAY support only a subset of comparison operators.
    - The property SHOULD be `null` for entries that have no partial occupancies.
    - If present, the correct flag MUST be set in the list `structure_features`.
    - Client implementations MUST check its presence (as its presence changes the interpretation of the structure).
    - If present, it MUST be a list of dictionaries, each of which represents an assembly and MUST have the following two keys:
        - **sites_in_groups**: Index of the sites (0-based) that belong to each group for each assembly.

            Example: `[[1], [2]]`: two groups, one with the second site, one with the third.
            Example: `[[1,2], [3]]`: one group with the second and third site, one with the fourth.

        - **group_probabilities**: Statistical probability of each group. It MUST have the same length as `sites_in_groups`.
            It SHOULD sum to one.
            See below for examples of how to specify the probability of the occurrence of a vacancy.
            The possible reasons for the values not to sum to one are the same as already specified above for the `concentration` of each `species`.

    - If a site is not present in any group, it means that it is present with 100 % probability (as if no assembly was specified).
    - A site MUST NOT appear in more than one group.

- **Examples** (for each entry of the assemblies list):
    - `{"sites_in_groups": [[0], [1]], "group_probabilities: [0.3, 0.7]}`: the first site and the second site never occur at the same time in the unit cell.
        Statistically, 30 % of the times the first site is present, while 70 % of the times the second site is present.
    - `{"sites_in_groups": [[1,2], [3]], "group_probabilities: [0.3, 0.7]}`: the second and third site are either present together or not present; they form the first group of atoms for this assembly.
        The second group is formed by the fourth site.
        Sites of the first group (the second and the third) are never present at the same time as the fourth site.
        30 % of times sites 1 and 2 are present (and site 3 is absent); 70 % of times site 3 is present (and sites 1 and 2 are absent).

- **Notes**:
    - Assemblies are essential to represent, for instance, the situation where an atom can statistically occupy two different positions (sites).

    - By defining groups, it is possible to represent, e.g., the case where a functional molecule (and not just one atom) is either present or absent (or the case where it it is present in two conformations)

    - Considerations on virtual alloys and on vacancies: In the special case of a virtual alloy, these specifications allow two different, equivalent ways of specifying them.
        For instance, for a site at the origin with 30 % probability of being occupied by Si, 50 % probability of being occupied by Ge, and 20 % of being a vacancy, the following two representations are possible:

        - Using a single species:
            ```json
            {
              "cartesian_site_positions": [[0,0,0]],
              "species_at_sites": ["SiGe-vac"],
              "species": [
              {
                "name": "SiGe-vac",
                "chemical_symbols": ["Si", "Ge", "vacancy"],
                "concentration": [0.3, 0.5, 0.2]
              }
              ]
              // ...
            }
            ```

        - Using multiple species and the assemblies:
            ```json
            {
              "cartesian_site_positions": [ [0,0,0], [0,0,0], [0,0,0] ],
              "species_at_sites": ["Si", "Ge", "vac"],
              "species": [
                { "name": "Si", "chemical_symbols": ["Si"], "concentration": [1.0] },
                { "name": "Ge", "chemical_symbols": ["Ge"], "concentration": [1.0] },
                { "name": "vac", "chemical_symbols": ["vacancy"], "concentration": [1.0] }
              ],
              "assemblies": [
                {
              "sites_in_groups": [ [0], [1], [2] ],
              "group_probabilities": [0.3, 0.5, 0.2]
                }
              ]
              // ...
            }
            ```

    - It is up to the database provider to decide which representation to use, typically depending on the internal format in which the structure is stored.
        However, given a structure identified by a unique ID, the API implementation MUST always provide the same representation for it.

    - The probabilities of occurrence of different assemblies are uncorrelated.
        So, for instance in the following case with two assemblies:
        ```json
        {
          "assemblies": [
            {
              "sites_in_groups": [ [0], [1] ],
              "group_probabilities": [0.2, 0.8],
            },
            {
              "sites_in_groups": [ [2], [3] ],
              "group_probabilities": [0.3, 0.7]
            }
          ]
        }
        ```

        Site 0 is present with a probability of 20 % and site 1 with a probability of 80 %. These two sites are correlated (either site 0 or 1 is present). Similarly, site 2 is present with a probability of 30 % and site 3 with a probability of 70 %.
        These two sites are correlated (either site 2 or 3 is present).
        However, the presence or absence of sites 0 and 1 is not correlated with the presence or absence of sites 2 and 3 (in the specific example, the pair of sites (0, 2) can occur with 0.2*0.3 = 6 % probability; the pair (0, 3) with 0.2*0.7 = 14 % probability; the pair (1, 2) with 0.8*0.3 = 24 % probability; and the pair (1, 3) with 0.8*0.7 = 56 % probability).""",
            support=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
            queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
        ),
    ] = None

    structure_features: Annotated[
        list[StructureFeatures],
        OptimadeField(
            title="Structure Features",
            description="""A list of strings that flag which special features are used by the structure.

- **Type**: list of strings

- **Requirements/Conventions**:
    - **Support**: MUST be supported by all implementations, MUST NOT be `null`.
    - **Query**: MUST be a queryable property.
    Filters on the list MUST support all mandatory HAS-type queries.
    Filter operators for comparisons on the string components MUST support equality, support for other comparison operators are OPTIONAL.
    - MUST be an empty list if no special features are used.
    - MUST be sorted alphabetically.
    - If a special feature listed below is used, the list MUST contain the corresponding string.
    - If a special feature listed below is not used, the list MUST NOT contain the corresponding string.
    - **List of strings used to indicate special structure features**:
        - `disorder`: this flag MUST be present if any one entry in the `species` list has a `chemical_symbols` list that is longer than 1 element.
        - `implicit_atoms`: this flag MUST be present if the structure contains atoms that are not assigned to sites via the property `species_at_sites` (e.g., because their positions are unknown).
           When this flag is present, the properties related to the chemical formula will likely not match the type and count of atoms represented by the `species_at_sites`, `species` and `assemblies` properties.
        - `site_attachments`: this flag MUST be present if any one entry in the `species` list includes `attached` and `nattached`.
        - `assemblies`: this flag MUST be present if the property `assemblies` is present.

- **Examples**: A structure having implicit atoms and using assemblies: `["assemblies", "implicit_atoms"]`""",
            support=SupportLevel.MUST,
            queryable=SupportLevel.MUST,
        ),
    ]

    @model_validator(mode="after")
    def warn_on_missing_correlated_fields(self) -> "StructureResourceAttributes":
        """Emit warnings if a field takes a null value when a value
        was expected based on the value/nullity of another field.
        """
        accumulated_warnings = []
        for field_set in CORRELATED_STRUCTURE_FIELDS:
            missing_fields = {
                field for field in field_set if getattr(self, field, None) is None
            }
            if missing_fields and len(missing_fields) != len(field_set):
                accumulated_warnings += [
                    f"Structure with attributes {self} is missing fields "
                    f"{missing_fields} which are required if "
                    f"{field_set - missing_fields} are present."
                ]

        for warn in accumulated_warnings:
            warnings.warn(warn, MissingExpectedField)

        return self

    @field_validator("chemical_formula_reduced", "chemical_formula_hill", mode="after")
    @classmethod
    def check_ordered_formula(
        cls, value: str | None, info: "ValidationInfo"
    ) -> str | None:
        if value is None:
            return value

        elements = re.findall(r"[A-Z][a-z]?", value)
        expected_elements = sorted(elements)

        if info.field_name == "chemical_formula_hill":
            # Make sure C is first (and H is second, if present along with C).
            if "C" in expected_elements:
                expected_elements = sorted(
                    expected_elements,
                    key=lambda elem: {"C": "0", "H": "1"}.get(elem, elem),
                )

        if any(elem not in CHEMICAL_SYMBOLS for elem in elements):
            raise ValueError(
                f"Cannot use unknown chemical symbols {[elem for elem in elements if elem not in CHEMICAL_SYMBOLS]} in {info.field_name!r}"
            )

        if expected_elements != elements:
            order = (
                "Hill" if info.field_name == "chemical_formula_hill" else "alphabetical"
            )
            raise ValueError(
                f"Elements in {info.field_name!r} must appear in {order} order: {expected_elements} not {elements}."
            )

        return value

    @field_validator("chemical_formula_anonymous", mode="after")
    @classmethod
    def check_anonymous_formula(cls, value: str | None) -> str | None:
        if value is None:
            return value

        elements = tuple(re.findall(r"[A-Z][a-z]*", value))
        numbers = re.split(r"[A-Z][a-z]*", value)[1:]
        numbers = [int(i) if i else 1 for i in numbers]

        expected_labels = ANONYMOUS_ELEMENTS[: len(elements)]
        expected_numbers = sorted(numbers, reverse=True)

        if expected_numbers != numbers:
            raise ValueError(
                f"'chemical_formula_anonymous' {value} has wrong order: elements with "
                f"highest proportion should appear first: {numbers} vs expected "
                f"{expected_numbers}"
            )
        if elements != expected_labels:
            raise ValueError(
                f"'chemical_formula_anonymous' {value} has wrong labels: {elements} vs"
                f" expected {expected_labels}."
            )

        return value

    @field_validator(
        "chemical_formula_anonymous", "chemical_formula_reduced", mode="after"
    )
    @classmethod
    def check_reduced_formulae(
        cls, value: str | None, info: "ValidationInfo"
    ) -> str | None:
        if value is None:
            return value

        reduced_formula = reduce_formula(value)
        if reduced_formula != value:
            raise ValueError(
                f"{info.field_name} {value!r} is not properly reduced: expected "
                f"{reduced_formula!r}."
            )

        return value

    @field_validator("elements", mode="after")
    @classmethod
    def elements_must_be_alphabetical(cls, value: list[str] | None) -> list[str] | None:
        if value is None:
            return value

        if sorted(value) != value:
            raise ValueError(f"elements must be sorted alphabetically, but is: {value}")
        return value

    @field_validator("elements_ratios", mode="after")
    @classmethod
    def ratios_must_sum_to_one(cls, value: list[float] | None) -> list[float] | None:
        if value is None:
            return value

        if abs(sum(value) - 1) > EPS:
            raise ValueError(
                "elements_ratios MUST sum to 1 within (at least single precision) "
                f"floating point accuracy. It sums to: {sum(value)}"
            )
        return value

    @model_validator(mode="after")
    def check_dimensions_types_dependencies(self) -> "StructureResourceAttributes":
        if self.nperiodic_dimensions is not None:
            if self.dimension_types and self.nperiodic_dimensions != sum(
                self.dimension_types
            ):
                raise ValueError(
                    f"nperiodic_dimensions ({self.nperiodic_dimensions}) does not match "
                    f"expected value of {sum(self.dimension_types)} from dimension_types "
                    f"({self.dimension_types})"
                )

        if self.lattice_vectors is not None:
            if self.dimension_types:
                for dim_type, vector in zip(self.dimension_types, self.lattice_vectors):
                    if None in vector and dim_type == Periodicity.PERIODIC.value:
                        raise ValueError(
                            f"Null entries in lattice vectors are only permitted when the "
                            "corresponding dimension type is "
                            f"{Periodicity.APERIODIC.value}. Here: dimension_types = "
                            f"{tuple(getattr(_, 'value', None) for _ in self.dimension_types)},"
                            f" lattice_vectors = {self.lattice_vectors}"
                        )

        return self

    @field_validator("lattice_vectors", mode="after")
    @classmethod
    def null_values_for_whole_vector(
        cls,
        value: None
        | (Annotated[list[Vector3D_unknown], Field(min_length=3, max_length=3)]),
    ) -> Annotated[list[Vector3D_unknown], Field(min_length=3, max_length=3)] | None:
        if value is None:
            return value

        for vector in value:
            if None in vector and any(isinstance(_, float) for _ in vector):
                raise ValueError(
                    "A lattice vector MUST be either all `null` or all numbers "
                    f"(vector: {vector}, all vectors: {value})"
                )
        return value

    @model_validator(mode="after")
    def validate_nsites(self) -> "StructureResourceAttributes":
        if self.nsites is None:
            return self

        if self.cartesian_site_positions and self.nsites != len(
            self.cartesian_site_positions
        ):
            raise ValueError(
                f"nsites (value: {self.nsites}) MUST equal length of "
                "cartesian_site_positions (value: "
                f"{len(self.cartesian_site_positions)})"
            )
        return self

    @model_validator(mode="after")
    def validate_species_at_sites(self) -> "StructureResourceAttributes":
        if self.species_at_sites is None:
            return self

        if self.nsites and len(self.species_at_sites) != self.nsites:
            raise ValueError(
                f"Number of species_at_sites (value: {len(self.species_at_sites)}) "
                f"MUST equal number of sites (value: {self.nsites})"
            )

        if self.species:
            all_species_names = {_.name for _ in self.species}

            for species_at_site in self.species_at_sites:
                if species_at_site not in all_species_names:
                    raise ValueError(
                        "species_at_sites MUST be represented by a species' name, "
                        f"but {species_at_site} was not found in the list of species "
                        f"names: {all_species_names}"
                    )

        return self

    @field_validator("species", mode="after")
    @classmethod
    def validate_species(cls, value: list[Species] | None) -> list[Species] | None:
        if value is None:
            return value

        all_species = [_.name for _ in value]
        unique_species = set(all_species)
        if len(all_species) != len(unique_species):
            raise ValueError(
                f"Species MUST be unique based on their 'name'. Found species names: {all_species}"
            )

        return value

    @model_validator(mode="after")
    def validate_structure_features(self) -> "StructureResourceAttributes":
        if [
            StructureFeatures(value)
            for value in sorted(_.value for _ in self.structure_features)
        ] != self.structure_features:
            raise ValueError(
                "structure_features MUST be sorted alphabetically, structure_features: "
                f"{self.structure_features}"
            )

        # assemblies
        if self.assemblies is not None:
            if StructureFeatures.ASSEMBLIES not in self.structure_features:
                raise ValueError(
                    f"{StructureFeatures.ASSEMBLIES.value} MUST be present, since the "
                    "property of the same name is present"
                )
        elif StructureFeatures.ASSEMBLIES in self.structure_features:
            raise ValueError(
                f"{StructureFeatures.ASSEMBLIES.value} MUST NOT be present, "
                "since the property of the same name is not present"
            )

        if self.species:
            # disorder
            for species in self.species:
                if len(species.chemical_symbols) > 1:
                    if StructureFeatures.DISORDER not in self.structure_features:
                        raise ValueError(
                            f"{StructureFeatures.DISORDER.value} MUST be present when "
                            "any one entry in species has a chemical_symbols list "
                            "greater than one element"
                        )
                    break
            else:
                if StructureFeatures.DISORDER in self.structure_features:
                    raise ValueError(
                        f"{StructureFeatures.DISORDER.value} MUST NOT be present, "
                        "since all species' chemical_symbols lists are equal to or "
                        "less than one element"
                    )

            # site_attachments
            for species in self.species:
                # There is no need to also test "nattached",
                # since a Species validator makes sure either both are present or both are None.
                if species.attached is not None:
                    if (
                        StructureFeatures.SITE_ATTACHMENTS
                        not in self.structure_features
                    ):
                        raise ValueError(
                            f"{StructureFeatures.SITE_ATTACHMENTS.value} MUST be "
                            "present when any one entry in species includes attached "
                            "and nattached"
                        )
                    break
            else:
                if StructureFeatures.SITE_ATTACHMENTS in self.structure_features:
                    raise ValueError(
                        f"{StructureFeatures.SITE_ATTACHMENTS.value} MUST NOT be "
                        "present, since no species includes the attached and nattached"
                        " fields"
                    )

            # implicit_atoms
            for name in [_.name for _ in self.species]:
                if (
                    self.species_at_sites is not None
                    and name not in self.species_at_sites
                ):
                    if StructureFeatures.IMPLICIT_ATOMS not in self.structure_features:
                        raise ValueError(
                            f"{StructureFeatures.IMPLICIT_ATOMS.value} MUST be present"
                            " when any one entry in species is not represented in "
                            "species_at_sites"
                        )
                    break
            else:
                if StructureFeatures.IMPLICIT_ATOMS in self.structure_features:
                    raise ValueError(
                        f"{StructureFeatures.IMPLICIT_ATOMS.value} MUST NOT be "
                        "present, since all species are represented in species_at_sites"
                    )

        return self

assemblies: Annotated[list[Assembly] | None, OptimadeField(description='A description of groups of sites that are statistically correlated.\n\n- **Type**: list of dictionary with keys:\n - `sites_in_groups`: list of list of integers (REQUIRED)\n - `group_probabilities`: list of floats (REQUIRED)\n\n- **Requirements/Conventions**:\n - **Support**: OPTIONAL support in implementations, i.e., MAY be `null`.\n - **Query**: Support for queries on this property is OPTIONAL.\n If supported, filters MAY support only a subset of comparison operators.\n - The property SHOULD be `null` for entries that have no partial occupancies.\n - If present, the correct flag MUST be set in the list `structure_features`.\n - Client implementations MUST check its presence (as its presence changes the interpretation of the structure).\n - If present, it MUST be a list of dictionaries, each of which represents an assembly and MUST have the following two keys:\n - **sites_in_groups**: Index of the sites (0-based) that belong to each group for each assembly.\n\n Example: `[[1], [2]]`: two groups, one with the second site, one with the third.\n Example: `[[1,2], [3]]`: one group with the second and third site, one with the fourth.\n\n - **group_probabilities**: Statistical probability of each group. It MUST have the same length as `sites_in_groups`.\n It SHOULD sum to one.\n See below for examples of how to specify the probability of the occurrence of a vacancy.\n The possible reasons for the values not to sum to one are the same as already specified above for the `concentration` of each `species`.\n\n - If a site is not present in any group, it means that it is present with 100 % probability (as if no assembly was specified).\n - A site MUST NOT appear in more than one group.\n\n- **Examples** (for each entry of the assemblies list):\n - `{"sites_in_groups": [[0], [1]], "group_probabilities: [0.3, 0.7]}`: the first site and the second site never occur at the same time in the unit cell.\n Statistically, 30 % of the times the first site is present, while 70 % of the times the second site is present.\n - `{"sites_in_groups": [[1,2], [3]], "group_probabilities: [0.3, 0.7]}`: the second and third site are either present together or not present; they form the first group of atoms for this assembly.\n The second group is formed by the fourth site.\n Sites of the first group (the second and the third) are never present at the same time as the fourth site.\n 30 % of times sites 1 and 2 are present (and site 3 is absent); 70 % of times site 3 is present (and sites 1 and 2 are absent).\n\n- **Notes**:\n - Assemblies are essential to represent, for instance, the situation where an atom can statistically occupy two different positions (sites).\n\n - By defining groups, it is possible to represent, e.g., the case where a functional molecule (and not just one atom) is either present or absent (or the case where it it is present in two conformations)\n\n - Considerations on virtual alloys and on vacancies: In the special case of a virtual alloy, these specifications allow two different, equivalent ways of specifying them.\n For instance, for a site at the origin with 30 % probability of being occupied by Si, 50 % probability of being occupied by Ge, and 20 % of being a vacancy, the following two representations are possible:\n\n - Using a single species:\n ```json\n {\n "cartesian_site_positions": [[0,0,0]],\n "species_at_sites": ["SiGe-vac"],\n "species": [\n {\n "name": "SiGe-vac",\n "chemical_symbols": ["Si", "Ge", "vacancy"],\n "concentration": [0.3, 0.5, 0.2]\n }\n ]\n // ...\n }\n ```\n\n - Using multiple species and the assemblies:\n ```json\n {\n "cartesian_site_positions": [ [0,0,0], [0,0,0], [0,0,0] ],\n "species_at_sites": ["Si", "Ge", "vac"],\n "species": [\n { "name": "Si", "chemical_symbols": ["Si"], "concentration": [1.0] },\n { "name": "Ge", "chemical_symbols": ["Ge"], "concentration": [1.0] },\n { "name": "vac", "chemical_symbols": ["vacancy"], "concentration": [1.0] }\n ],\n "assemblies": [\n {\n "sites_in_groups": [ [0], [1], [2] ],\n "group_probabilities": [0.3, 0.5, 0.2]\n }\n ]\n // ...\n }\n ```\n\n - It is up to the database provider to decide which representation to use, typically depending on the internal format in which the structure is stored.\n However, given a structure identified by a unique ID, the API implementation MUST always provide the same representation for it.\n\n - The probabilities of occurrence of different assemblies are uncorrelated.\n So, for instance in the following case with two assemblies:\n ```json\n {\n "assemblies": [\n {\n "sites_in_groups": [ [0], [1] ],\n "group_probabilities": [0.2, 0.8],\n },\n {\n "sites_in_groups": [ [2], [3] ],\n "group_probabilities": [0.3, 0.7]\n }\n ]\n }\n ```\n\n Site 0 is present with a probability of 20 % and site 1 with a probability of 80 %. These two sites are correlated (either site 0 or 1 is present). Similarly, site 2 is present with a probability of 30 % and site 3 with a probability of 70 %.\n These two sites are correlated (either site 2 or 3 is present).\n However, the presence or absence of sites 0 and 1 is not correlated with the presence or absence of sites 2 and 3 (in the specific example, the pair of sites (0, 2) can occur with 0.2*0.3 = 6 % probability; the pair (0, 3) with 0.2*0.7 = 14 % probability; the pair (1, 2) with 0.8*0.3 = 24 % probability; and the pair (1, 3) with 0.8*0.7 = 56 % probability).', support=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL, queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

cartesian_site_positions: Annotated[list[Vector3D] | None, OptimadeField(description='Cartesian positions of each site in the structure.\nA site is usually used to describe positions of atoms; what atoms can be encountered at a given site is conveyed by the `species_at_sites` property, and the species themselves are described in the `species` property.\n\n- **Type**: list of list of floats\n\n- **Requirements/Conventions**:\n - **Support**: SHOULD be supported by all implementations, i.e., SHOULD NOT be `null`.\n - **Query**: Support for queries on this property is OPTIONAL.\n If supported, filters MAY support only a subset of comparison operators.\n - It MUST be a list of length equal to the number of sites in the structure, where every element is a list of the three Cartesian coordinates of a site expressed as float values in the unit angstrom (Å).\n - An entry MAY have multiple sites at the same Cartesian position (for a relevant use of this, see e.g., the property `assemblies`).\n\n- **Examples**:\n - `[[0,0,0],[0,0,2]]` indicates a structure with two sites, one sitting at the origin and one along the (positive) *z*-axis, 2 Å away from the origin.', unit=Å, support=SupportLevel.SHOULD, queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

chemical_formula_anonymous: Annotated[str | None, OptimadeField(description='The anonymous formula is the `chemical_formula_reduced`, but where the elements are instead first ordered by their chemical proportion number, and then, in order left to right, replaced by anonymous symbols A, B, C, ..., Z, Aa, Ba, ..., Za, Ab, Bb, ... and so on.\n\n- **Type**: string\n\n- **Requirements/Conventions**:\n - **Support**: SHOULD be supported by all implementations, i.e., SHOULD NOT be `null`.\n - **Query**: MUST be a queryable property.\n However, support for filters using partial string matching with this property is OPTIONAL (i.e., BEGINS WITH, ENDS WITH, and CONTAINS).\n\n- **Examples**:\n - `"A2B"`\n - `"A42B42C16D12E10F9G5"`\n\n- **Querying**:\n - A filter that matches an exactly given formula is `chemical_formula_anonymous="A2B"`.', support=SupportLevel.SHOULD, queryable=SupportLevel.MUST, pattern=CHEMICAL_FORMULA_REGEXP)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

chemical_formula_descriptive: Annotated[str | None, OptimadeField(description='The chemical formula for a structure as a string in a form chosen by the API implementation.\n\n- **Type**: string\n\n- **Requirements/Conventions**:\n - **Support**: SHOULD be supported by all implementations, i.e., SHOULD NOT be `null`.\n - **Query**: MUST be a queryable property with support for all mandatory filter features.\n - The chemical formula is given as a string consisting of properly capitalized element symbols followed by integers or decimal numbers, balanced parentheses, square, and curly brackets `(`,`)`, `[`,`]`, `{`, `}`, commas, the `+`, `-`, `:` and `=` symbols. The parentheses are allowed to be followed by a number. Spaces are allowed anywhere except within chemical symbols. The order of elements and any groupings indicated by parentheses or brackets are chosen freely by the API implementation.\n - The string SHOULD be arithmetically consistent with the element ratios in the `chemical_formula_reduced` property.\n - It is RECOMMENDED, but not mandatory, that symbols, parentheses and brackets, if used, are used with the meanings prescribed by [IUPAC\'s Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry](https://www.qmul.ac.uk/sbcs/iupac/bibliog/blue.html).\n\n- **Examples**:\n - `"(H2O)2 Na"`\n - `"NaCl"`\n - `"CaCO3"`\n - `"CCaO3"`\n - `"(CH3)3N+ - [CH2]2-OH = Me3N+ - CH2 - CH2OH"`\n\n- **Query examples**:\n - Note: the free-form nature of this property is likely to make queries on it across different databases inconsistent.\n - A filter that matches an exactly given formula: `chemical_formula_descriptive="(H2O)2 Na"`.\n - A filter that does a partial match: `chemical_formula_descriptive CONTAINS "H2O"`.', support=SupportLevel.SHOULD, queryable=SupportLevel.MUST)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

chemical_formula_hill: Annotated[str | None, OptimadeField(description='The chemical formula for a structure in [Hill form](https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja02046a005) with element symbols followed by integer chemical proportion numbers. The proportion number MUST be omitted if it is 1.\n\n- **Type**: string\n\n- **Requirements/Conventions**:\n - **Support**: OPTIONAL support in implementations, i.e., MAY be `null`.\n - **Query**: Support for queries on this property is OPTIONAL.\n If supported, only a subset of the filter features MAY be supported.\n - The overall scale factor of the chemical proportions is chosen such that the resulting values are integers that indicate the most chemically relevant unit of which the system is composed.\n For example, if the structure is a repeating unit cell with four hydrogens and four oxygens that represents two hydroperoxide molecules, `chemical_formula_hill` is `"H2O2"` (i.e., not `"HO"`, nor `"H4O4"`).\n - If the chemical insight needed to ascribe a Hill formula to the system is not present, the property MUST be handled as unset.\n - Element symbols MUST have proper capitalization (e.g., `"Si"`, not `"SI"` for "silicon").\n - Elements MUST be placed in [Hill order](https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja02046a005), followed by their integer chemical proportion number.\n Hill order means: if carbon is present, it is placed first, and if also present, hydrogen is placed second.\n After that, all other elements are ordered alphabetically.\n If carbon is not present, all elements are ordered alphabetically.\n - If the system has sites with partial occupation and the total occupations of each element do not all sum up to integers, then the Hill formula SHOULD be handled as unset.\n - No spaces or separators are allowed.\n\n- **Examples**:\n - `"H2O2"`\n\n- **Query examples**:\n - A filter that matches an exactly given formula is `chemical_formula_hill="H2O2"`.', support=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL, queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL, pattern=CHEMICAL_FORMULA_REGEXP)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

chemical_formula_reduced: Annotated[str | None, OptimadeField(description='The reduced chemical formula for a structure as a string with element symbols and integer chemical proportion numbers.\nThe proportion number MUST be omitted if it is 1.\n\n- **Type**: string\n\n- **Requirements/Conventions**:\n - **Support**: SHOULD be supported by all implementations, i.e., SHOULD NOT be `null`.\n - **Query**: MUST be a queryable property.\n However, support for filters using partial string matching with this property is OPTIONAL (i.e., BEGINS WITH, ENDS WITH, and CONTAINS).\n Intricate queries on formula components are instead suggested to be formulated using set-type filter operators on the multi valued `elements` and `elements_ratios` properties.\n - Element symbols MUST have proper capitalization (e.g., `"Si"`, not `"SI"` for "silicon").\n - Elements MUST be placed in alphabetical order, followed by their integer chemical proportion number.\n - For structures with no partial occupation, the chemical proportion numbers are the smallest integers for which the chemical proportion is exactly correct.\n - For structures with partial occupation, the chemical proportion numbers are integers that within reasonable approximation indicate the correct chemical proportions. The precise details of how to perform the rounding is chosen by the API implementation.\n - No spaces or separators are allowed.\n\n- **Examples**:\n - `"H2NaO"`\n - `"ClNa"`\n - `"CCaO3"`\n\n- **Query examples**:\n - A filter that matches an exactly given formula is `chemical_formula_reduced="H2NaO"`.', support=SupportLevel.SHOULD, queryable=SupportLevel.MUST, pattern=CHEMICAL_FORMULA_REGEXP)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

dimension_types: Annotated[list[Periodicity] | None, OptimadeField(min_length=3, max_length=3, title='Dimension Types', description='List of three integers.\nFor each of the three directions indicated by the three lattice vectors (see property `lattice_vectors`), this list indicates if the direction is periodic (value `1`) or non-periodic (value `0`).\nNote: the elements in this list each refer to the direction of the corresponding entry in `lattice_vectors` and *not* the Cartesian x, y, z directions.\n\n- **Type**: list of integers.\n\n- **Requirements/Conventions**:\n - **Support**: SHOULD be supported by all implementations, i.e., SHOULD NOT be `null`.\n - **Query**: Support for queries on this property is OPTIONAL.\n - MUST be a list of length 3.\n - Each integer element MUST assume only the value 0 or 1.\n\n- **Examples**:\n - For a molecule: `[0, 0, 0]`\n - For a wire along the direction specified by the third lattice vector: `[0, 0, 1]`\n - For a 2D surface/slab, periodic on the plane defined by the first and third lattice vectors: `[1, 0, 1]`\n - For a bulk 3D system: `[1, 1, 1]`', support=SupportLevel.SHOULD, queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

elements: Annotated[list[str] | None, OptimadeField(description='The chemical symbols of the different elements present in the structure.\n\n- **Type**: list of strings.\n\n- **Requirements/Conventions**:\n - **Support**: SHOULD be supported by all implementations, i.e., SHOULD NOT be `null`.\n - **Query**: MUST be a queryable property with support for all mandatory filter features.\n - The strings are the chemical symbols, i.e., either a single uppercase letter or an uppercase letter followed by a number of lowercase letters.\n - The order MUST be alphabetical.\n - MUST refer to the same elements in the same order, and therefore be of the same length, as `elements_ratios`, if the latter is provided.\n - Note: This property SHOULD NOT contain the string "X" to indicate non-chemical elements or "vacancy" to indicate vacancies (in contrast to the field `chemical_symbols` for the `species` property).\n\n- **Examples**:\n - `["Si"]`\n - `["Al","O","Si"]`\n\n- **Query examples**:\n - A filter that matches all records of structures that contain Si, Al **and** O, and possibly other elements: `elements HAS ALL "Si", "Al", "O"`.\n - To match structures with exactly these three elements, use `elements HAS ALL "Si", "Al", "O" AND elements LENGTH 3`.\n - Note: length queries on this property can be equivalently formulated by filtering on the `nelements`_ property directly.', support=SupportLevel.SHOULD, queryable=SupportLevel.MUST)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

elements_ratios: Annotated[list[float] | None, OptimadeField(description='Relative proportions of different elements in the structure.\n\n- **Type**: list of floats\n\n- **Requirements/Conventions**:\n - **Support**: SHOULD be supported by all implementations, i.e., SHOULD NOT be `null`.\n - **Query**: MUST be a queryable property with support for all mandatory filter features.\n - Composed by the proportions of elements in the structure as a list of floating point numbers.\n - The sum of the numbers MUST be 1.0 (within floating point accuracy)\n - MUST refer to the same elements in the same order, and therefore be of the same length, as `elements`, if the latter is provided.\n\n- **Examples**:\n - `[1.0]`\n - `[0.3333333333333333, 0.2222222222222222, 0.4444444444444444]`\n\n- **Query examples**:\n - Note: Useful filters can be formulated using the set operator syntax for correlated values.\n However, since the values are floating point values, the use of equality comparisons is generally inadvisable.\n - OPTIONAL: a filter that matches structures where approximately 1/3 of the atoms in the structure are the element Al is: `elements:elements_ratios HAS ALL "Al":>0.3333, "Al":<0.3334`.', support=SupportLevel.SHOULD, queryable=SupportLevel.MUST)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

immutable_id: Annotated[str | None, OptimadeField(description='The entry\'s immutable ID (e.g., an UUID). This is important for databases having preferred IDs that point to "the latest version" of a record, but still offer access to older variants. This ID maps to the version-specific record, in case it changes in the future.\n\n- **Type**: string.\n\n- **Requirements/Conventions**:\n - **Support**: OPTIONAL support in implementations, i.e., MAY be `null`.\n - **Query**: MUST be a queryable property with support for all mandatory filter features.\n\n- **Examples**:\n - `"8bd3e750-b477-41a0-9b11-3a799f21b44f"`\n - `"fjeiwoj,54;@=%<>#32"` (Strings that are not URL-safe are allowed.)', support=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL, queryable=SupportLevel.MUST)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

last_modified: Annotated[datetime | None, OptimadeField(description='Date and time representing when the entry was last modified.\n\n- **Type**: timestamp.\n\n- **Requirements/Conventions**:\n - **Support**: SHOULD be supported by all implementations, i.e., SHOULD NOT be `null`.\n - **Query**: MUST be a queryable property with support for all mandatory filter features.\n - **Response**: REQUIRED in the response unless the query parameter `response_fields` is present and does not include this property.\n\n- **Example**:\n - As part of JSON response format: `"2007-04-05T14:30:20Z"` (i.e., encoded as an [RFC 3339 Internet Date/Time Format](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3339#section-5.6) string.)', support=SupportLevel.SHOULD, queryable=SupportLevel.MUST)] instance-attribute

lattice_vectors: Annotated[list[Vector3D_unknown] | None, OptimadeField(min_length=3, max_length=3, description="The three lattice vectors in Cartesian coordinates, in ångström (Å).\n\n- **Type**: list of list of floats or unknown values.\n\n- **Requirements/Conventions**:\n - **Support**: SHOULD be supported by all implementations, i.e., SHOULD NOT be `null`.\n - **Query**: Support for queries on this property is OPTIONAL.\n If supported, filters MAY support only a subset of comparison operators.\n - MUST be a list of three vectors *a*, *b*, and *c*, where each of the vectors MUST BE a list of the vector's coordinates along the x, y, and z Cartesian coordinates.\n (Therefore, the first index runs over the three lattice vectors and the second index runs over the x, y, z Cartesian coordinates).\n - For databases that do not define an absolute Cartesian system (e.g., only defining the length and angles between vectors), the first lattice vector SHOULD be set along *x* and the second on the *xy*-plane.\n - MUST always contain three vectors of three coordinates each, independently of the elements of property `dimension_types`.\n The vectors SHOULD by convention be chosen so the determinant of the `lattice_vectors` matrix is different from zero.\n The vectors in the non-periodic directions have no significance beyond fulfilling these requirements.\n - The coordinates of the lattice vectors of non-periodic dimensions (i.e., those dimensions for which `dimension_types` is `0`) MAY be given as a list of all `null` values.\n If a lattice vector contains the value `null`, all coordinates of that lattice vector MUST be `null`.\n\n- **Examples**:\n - `[[4.0,0.0,0.0],[0.0,4.0,0.0],[0.0,1.0,4.0]]` represents a cell, where the first vector is `(4, 0, 0)`, i.e., a vector aligned along the `x` axis of length 4 Å; the second vector is `(0, 4, 0)`; and the third vector is `(0, 1, 4)`.", unit=Å, support=SupportLevel.SHOULD, queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

model_config = ConfigDict(extra='allow') class-attribute instance-attribute

nelements: Annotated[int | None, OptimadeField(description='Number of different elements in the structure as an integer.\n\n- **Type**: integer\n\n- **Requirements/Conventions**:\n - **Support**: SHOULD be supported by all implementations, i.e., SHOULD NOT be `null`.\n - **Query**: MUST be a queryable property with support for all mandatory filter features.\n - MUST be equal to the lengths of the list properties `elements` and `elements_ratios`, if they are provided.\n\n- **Examples**:\n - `3`\n\n- **Querying**:\n - Note: queries on this property can equivalently be formulated using `elements LENGTH`.\n - A filter that matches structures that have exactly 4 elements: `nelements=4`.\n - A filter that matches structures that have between 2 and 7 elements: `nelements>=2 AND nelements<=7`.', support=SupportLevel.SHOULD, queryable=SupportLevel.MUST)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

nperiodic_dimensions: Annotated[int | None, OptimadeField(description='An integer specifying the number of periodic dimensions in the structure, equivalent to the number of non-zero entries in `dimension_types`.\n\n- **Type**: integer\n\n- **Requirements/Conventions**:\n - **Support**: SHOULD be supported by all implementations, i.e., SHOULD NOT be `null`.\n - **Query**: MUST be a queryable property with support for all mandatory filter features.\n - The integer value MUST be between 0 and 3 inclusive and MUST be equal to the sum of the items in the `dimension_types` property.\n - This property only reflects the treatment of the lattice vectors provided for the structure, and not any physical interpretation of the dimensionality of its contents.\n\n- **Examples**:\n - `2` should be indicated in cases where `dimension_types` is any of `[1, 1, 0]`, `[1, 0, 1]`, `[0, 1, 1]`.\n\n- **Query examples**:\n - Match only structures with exactly 3 periodic dimensions: `nperiodic_dimensions=3`\n - Match all structures with 2 or fewer periodic dimensions: `nperiodic_dimensions<=2`', support=SupportLevel.SHOULD, queryable=SupportLevel.MUST)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

nsites: Annotated[int | None, OptimadeField(description='An integer specifying the length of the `cartesian_site_positions` property.\n\n- **Type**: integer\n\n- **Requirements/Conventions**:\n - **Support**: SHOULD be supported by all implementations, i.e., SHOULD NOT be `null`.\n - **Query**: MUST be a queryable property with support for all mandatory filter features.\n\n- **Examples**:\n - `42`\n\n- **Query examples**:\n - Match only structures with exactly 4 sites: `nsites=4`\n - Match structures that have between 2 and 7 sites: `nsites>=2 AND nsites<=7`', queryable=SupportLevel.MUST, support=SupportLevel.SHOULD)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

species: Annotated[list[Species] | None, OptimadeField(description='A list describing the species of the sites of this structure.\nSpecies can represent pure chemical elements, virtual-crystal atoms representing a statistical occupation of a given site by multiple chemical elements, and/or a location to which there are attached atoms, i.e., atoms whose precise location are unknown beyond that they are attached to that position (frequently used to indicate hydrogen atoms attached to another element, e.g., a carbon with three attached hydrogens might represent a methyl group, -CH3).\n\n- **Type**: list of dictionary with keys:\n - `name`: string (REQUIRED)\n - `chemical_symbols`: list of strings (REQUIRED)\n - `concentration`: list of float (REQUIRED)\n - `attached`: list of strings (REQUIRED)\n - `nattached`: list of integers (OPTIONAL)\n - `mass`: list of floats (OPTIONAL)\n - `original_name`: string (OPTIONAL).\n\n- **Requirements/Conventions**:\n - **Support**: SHOULD be supported by all implementations, i.e., SHOULD NOT be `null`.\n - **Query**: Support for queries on this property is OPTIONAL.\n If supported, filters MAY support only a subset of comparison operators.\n - Each list member MUST be a dictionary with the following keys:\n - **name**: REQUIRED; gives the name of the species; the **name** value MUST be unique in the `species` list;\n - **chemical_symbols**: REQUIRED; MUST be a list of strings of all chemical elements composing this species.\n Each item of the list MUST be one of the following:\n - a valid chemical-element symbol, or\n - the special value `"X"` to represent a non-chemical element, or\n - the special value `"vacancy"` to represent that this site has a non-zero probability of having a vacancy (the respective probability is indicated in the `concentration` list, see below).\n\n If any one entry in the `species` list has a `chemical_symbols` list that is longer than 1 element, the correct flag MUST be set in the list `structure_features`.\n\n - **concentration**: REQUIRED; MUST be a list of floats, with same length as `chemical_symbols`.\n The numbers represent the relative concentration of the corresponding chemical symbol in this species.\n The numbers SHOULD sum to one. Cases in which the numbers do not sum to one typically fall only in the following two categories:\n\n - Numerical errors when representing float numbers in fixed precision, e.g. for two chemical symbols with concentrations `1/3` and `2/3`, the concentration might look something like `[0.33333333333, 0.66666666666]`. If the client is aware that the sum is not one because of numerical precision, it can renormalize the values so that the sum is exactly one.\n - Experimental errors in the data present in the database. In this case, it is the responsibility of the client to decide how to process the data.\n\n Note that concentrations are uncorrelated between different sites (even of the same species).\n\n - **attached**: OPTIONAL; if provided MUST be a list of length 1 or more of strings of chemical symbols for the elements attached to this site, or "X" for a non-chemical element.\n\n - **nattached**: OPTIONAL; if provided MUST be a list of length 1 or more of integers indicating the number of attached atoms of the kind specified in the value of the `attached` key.\n\n The implementation MUST include either both or none of the `attached` and `nattached` keys, and if they are provided, they MUST be of the same length.\n Furthermore, if they are provided, the `structure_features` property MUST include the string `site_attachments`.\n\n - **mass**: OPTIONAL. If present MUST be a list of floats, with the same length as `chemical_symbols`, providing element masses expressed in a.m.u.\n Elements denoting vacancies MUST have masses equal to 0.\n\n - **original_name**: OPTIONAL. Can be any valid Unicode string, and SHOULD contain (if specified) the name of the species that is used internally in the source database.\n\n Note: With regards to "source database", we refer to the immediate source being queried via the OPTIMADE API implementation.\n\n The main use of this field is for source databases that use species names, containing characters that are not allowed (see description of the list property `species_at_sites`).\n\n - For systems that have only species formed by a single chemical symbol, and that have at most one species per chemical symbol, SHOULD use the chemical symbol as species name (e.g., `"Ti"` for titanium, `"O"` for oxygen, etc.)\n However, note that this is OPTIONAL, and client implementations MUST NOT assume that the key corresponds to a chemical symbol, nor assume that if the species name is a valid chemical symbol, that it represents a species with that chemical symbol.\n This means that a species `{"name": "C", "chemical_symbols": ["Ti"], "concentration": [1.0]}` is valid and represents a titanium species (and *not* a carbon species).\n - It is NOT RECOMMENDED that a structure includes species that do not have at least one corresponding site.\n\n- **Examples**:\n - `[ {"name": "Ti", "chemical_symbols": ["Ti"], "concentration": [1.0]} ]`: any site with this species is occupied by a Ti atom.\n - `[ {"name": "Ti", "chemical_symbols": ["Ti", "vacancy"], "concentration": [0.9, 0.1]} ]`: any site with this species is occupied by a Ti atom with 90 % probability, and has a vacancy with 10 % probability.\n - `[ {"name": "BaCa", "chemical_symbols": ["vacancy", "Ba", "Ca"], "concentration": [0.05, 0.45, 0.5], "mass": [0.0, 137.327, 40.078]} ]`: any site with this species is occupied by a Ba atom with 45 % probability, a Ca atom with 50 % probability, and by a vacancy with 5 % probability. The mass of this site is (on average) 88.5 a.m.u.\n - `[ {"name": "C12", "chemical_symbols": ["C"], "concentration": [1.0], "mass": [12.0]} ]`: any site with this species is occupied by a carbon isotope with mass 12.\n - `[ {"name": "C13", "chemical_symbols": ["C"], "concentration": [1.0], "mass": [13.0]} ]`: any site with this species is occupied by a carbon isotope with mass 13.\n - `[ {"name": "CH3", "chemical_symbols": ["C"], "concentration": [1.0], "attached": ["H"], "nattached": [3]} ]`: any site with this species is occupied by a methyl group, -CH3, which is represented without specifying precise positions of the hydrogen atoms.', support=SupportLevel.SHOULD, queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

species_at_sites: Annotated[list[str] | None, OptimadeField(description='Name of the species at each site (where values for sites are specified with the same order of the property `cartesian_site_positions`).\nThe properties of the species are found in the property `species`.\n\n- **Type**: list of strings.\n\n- **Requirements/Conventions**:\n - **Support**: SHOULD be supported by all implementations, i.e., SHOULD NOT be `null`.\n - **Query**: Support for queries on this property is OPTIONAL.\n If supported, filters MAY support only a subset of comparison operators.\n - MUST have length equal to the number of sites in the structure (first dimension of the list property `cartesian_site_positions`).\n - Each species name mentioned in the `species_at_sites` list MUST be described in the list property `species` (i.e. for each value in the `species_at_sites` list there MUST exist exactly one dictionary in the `species` list with the `name` attribute equal to the corresponding `species_at_sites` value).\n - Each site MUST be associated only to a single species.\n **Note**: However, species can represent mixtures of atoms, and multiple species MAY be defined for the same chemical element.\n This latter case is useful when different atoms of the same type need to be grouped or distinguished, for instance in simulation codes to assign different initial spin states.\n\n- **Examples**:\n - `["Ti","O2"]` indicates that the first site is hosting a species labeled `"Ti"` and the second a species labeled `"O2"`.\n - `["Ac", "Ac", "Ag", "Ir"]` indicating the first two sites contains the `"Ac"` species, while the third and fourth sites contain the `"Ag"` and `"Ir"` species, respectively.', support=SupportLevel.SHOULD, queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

structure_features: Annotated[list[StructureFeatures], OptimadeField(title='Structure Features', description='A list of strings that flag which special features are used by the structure.\n\n- **Type**: list of strings\n\n- **Requirements/Conventions**:\n - **Support**: MUST be supported by all implementations, MUST NOT be `null`.\n - **Query**: MUST be a queryable property.\n Filters on the list MUST support all mandatory HAS-type queries.\n Filter operators for comparisons on the string components MUST support equality, support for other comparison operators are OPTIONAL.\n - MUST be an empty list if no special features are used.\n - MUST be sorted alphabetically.\n - If a special feature listed below is used, the list MUST contain the corresponding string.\n - If a special feature listed below is not used, the list MUST NOT contain the corresponding string.\n - **List of strings used to indicate special structure features**:\n - `disorder`: this flag MUST be present if any one entry in the `species` list has a `chemical_symbols` list that is longer than 1 element.\n - `implicit_atoms`: this flag MUST be present if the structure contains atoms that are not assigned to sites via the property `species_at_sites` (e.g., because their positions are unknown).\n When this flag is present, the properties related to the chemical formula will likely not match the type and count of atoms represented by the `species_at_sites`, `species` and `assemblies` properties.\n - `site_attachments`: this flag MUST be present if any one entry in the `species` list includes `attached` and `nattached`.\n - `assemblies`: this flag MUST be present if the property `assemblies` is present.\n\n- **Examples**: A structure having implicit atoms and using assemblies: `["assemblies", "implicit_atoms"]`', support=SupportLevel.MUST, queryable=SupportLevel.MUST)] instance-attribute

cast_immutable_id_to_str(value) classmethod

Convenience validator for casting immutable_id to a string.

Source code in optimade/models/entries.py 
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@field_validator("immutable_id", mode="before")
@classmethod
def cast_immutable_id_to_str(cls, value: Any) -> str:
    """Convenience validator for casting `immutable_id` to a string."""
    if value is not None and not isinstance(value, str):
        value = str(value)

    return value

check_anonymous_formula(value) classmethod

Source code in optimade/models/structures.py 
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@field_validator("chemical_formula_anonymous", mode="after")
@classmethod
def check_anonymous_formula(cls, value: str | None) -> str | None:
    if value is None:
        return value

    elements = tuple(re.findall(r"[A-Z][a-z]*", value))
    numbers = re.split(r"[A-Z][a-z]*", value)[1:]
    numbers = [int(i) if i else 1 for i in numbers]

    expected_labels = ANONYMOUS_ELEMENTS[: len(elements)]
    expected_numbers = sorted(numbers, reverse=True)

    if expected_numbers != numbers:
        raise ValueError(
            f"'chemical_formula_anonymous' {value} has wrong order: elements with "
            f"highest proportion should appear first: {numbers} vs expected "
            f"{expected_numbers}"
        )
    if elements != expected_labels:
        raise ValueError(
            f"'chemical_formula_anonymous' {value} has wrong labels: {elements} vs"
            f" expected {expected_labels}."
        )

    return value

check_dimensions_types_dependencies()

Source code in optimade/models/structures.py 
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@model_validator(mode="after")
def check_dimensions_types_dependencies(self) -> "StructureResourceAttributes":
    if self.nperiodic_dimensions is not None:
        if self.dimension_types and self.nperiodic_dimensions != sum(
            self.dimension_types
        ):
            raise ValueError(
                f"nperiodic_dimensions ({self.nperiodic_dimensions}) does not match "
                f"expected value of {sum(self.dimension_types)} from dimension_types "
                f"({self.dimension_types})"
            )

    if self.lattice_vectors is not None:
        if self.dimension_types:
            for dim_type, vector in zip(self.dimension_types, self.lattice_vectors):
                if None in vector and dim_type == Periodicity.PERIODIC.value:
                    raise ValueError(
                        f"Null entries in lattice vectors are only permitted when the "
                        "corresponding dimension type is "
                        f"{Periodicity.APERIODIC.value}. Here: dimension_types = "
                        f"{tuple(getattr(_, 'value', None) for _ in self.dimension_types)},"
                        f" lattice_vectors = {self.lattice_vectors}"
                    )

    return self

check_illegal_attributes_fields()

Source code in optimade/models/jsonapi.py 
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@model_validator(mode="after")
def check_illegal_attributes_fields(self) -> "Attributes":
    illegal_fields = ("relationships", "links", "id", "type")
    for field in illegal_fields:
        if hasattr(self, field):
            raise ValueError(
                f"{illegal_fields} MUST NOT be fields under Attributes"
            )
    return self

check_ordered_formula(value, info) classmethod

Source code in optimade/models/structures.py 
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@field_validator("chemical_formula_reduced", "chemical_formula_hill", mode="after")
@classmethod
def check_ordered_formula(
    cls, value: str | None, info: "ValidationInfo"
) -> str | None:
    if value is None:
        return value

    elements = re.findall(r"[A-Z][a-z]?", value)
    expected_elements = sorted(elements)

    if info.field_name == "chemical_formula_hill":
        # Make sure C is first (and H is second, if present along with C).
        if "C" in expected_elements:
            expected_elements = sorted(
                expected_elements,
                key=lambda elem: {"C": "0", "H": "1"}.get(elem, elem),
            )

    if any(elem not in CHEMICAL_SYMBOLS for elem in elements):
        raise ValueError(
            f"Cannot use unknown chemical symbols {[elem for elem in elements if elem not in CHEMICAL_SYMBOLS]} in {info.field_name!r}"
        )

    if expected_elements != elements:
        order = (
            "Hill" if info.field_name == "chemical_formula_hill" else "alphabetical"
        )
        raise ValueError(
            f"Elements in {info.field_name!r} must appear in {order} order: {expected_elements} not {elements}."
        )

    return value

check_reduced_formulae(value, info) classmethod

Source code in optimade/models/structures.py 
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@field_validator(
    "chemical_formula_anonymous", "chemical_formula_reduced", mode="after"
)
@classmethod
def check_reduced_formulae(
    cls, value: str | None, info: "ValidationInfo"
) -> str | None:
    if value is None:
        return value

    reduced_formula = reduce_formula(value)
    if reduced_formula != value:
        raise ValueError(
            f"{info.field_name} {value!r} is not properly reduced: expected "
            f"{reduced_formula!r}."
        )

    return value

elements_must_be_alphabetical(value) classmethod

Source code in optimade/models/structures.py 
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@field_validator("elements", mode="after")
@classmethod
def elements_must_be_alphabetical(cls, value: list[str] | None) -> list[str] | None:
    if value is None:
        return value

    if sorted(value) != value:
        raise ValueError(f"elements must be sorted alphabetically, but is: {value}")
    return value

null_values_for_whole_vector(value) classmethod

Source code in optimade/models/structures.py 
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@field_validator("lattice_vectors", mode="after")
@classmethod
def null_values_for_whole_vector(
    cls,
    value: None
    | (Annotated[list[Vector3D_unknown], Field(min_length=3, max_length=3)]),
) -> Annotated[list[Vector3D_unknown], Field(min_length=3, max_length=3)] | None:
    if value is None:
        return value

    for vector in value:
        if None in vector and any(isinstance(_, float) for _ in vector):
            raise ValueError(
                "A lattice vector MUST be either all `null` or all numbers "
                f"(vector: {vector}, all vectors: {value})"
            )
    return value

ratios_must_sum_to_one(value) classmethod

Source code in optimade/models/structures.py 
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@field_validator("elements_ratios", mode="after")
@classmethod
def ratios_must_sum_to_one(cls, value: list[float] | None) -> list[float] | None:
    if value is None:
        return value

    if abs(sum(value) - 1) > EPS:
        raise ValueError(
            "elements_ratios MUST sum to 1 within (at least single precision) "
            f"floating point accuracy. It sums to: {sum(value)}"
        )
    return value

validate_nsites()

Source code in optimade/models/structures.py 
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@model_validator(mode="after")
def validate_nsites(self) -> "StructureResourceAttributes":
    if self.nsites is None:
        return self

    if self.cartesian_site_positions and self.nsites != len(
        self.cartesian_site_positions
    ):
        raise ValueError(
            f"nsites (value: {self.nsites}) MUST equal length of "
            "cartesian_site_positions (value: "
            f"{len(self.cartesian_site_positions)})"
        )
    return self

validate_species(value) classmethod

Source code in optimade/models/structures.py 
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@field_validator("species", mode="after")
@classmethod
def validate_species(cls, value: list[Species] | None) -> list[Species] | None:
    if value is None:
        return value

    all_species = [_.name for _ in value]
    unique_species = set(all_species)
    if len(all_species) != len(unique_species):
        raise ValueError(
            f"Species MUST be unique based on their 'name'. Found species names: {all_species}"
        )

    return value

validate_species_at_sites()

Source code in optimade/models/structures.py 
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@model_validator(mode="after")
def validate_species_at_sites(self) -> "StructureResourceAttributes":
    if self.species_at_sites is None:
        return self

    if self.nsites and len(self.species_at_sites) != self.nsites:
        raise ValueError(
            f"Number of species_at_sites (value: {len(self.species_at_sites)}) "
            f"MUST equal number of sites (value: {self.nsites})"
        )

    if self.species:
        all_species_names = {_.name for _ in self.species}

        for species_at_site in self.species_at_sites:
            if species_at_site not in all_species_names:
                raise ValueError(
                    "species_at_sites MUST be represented by a species' name, "
                    f"but {species_at_site} was not found in the list of species "
                    f"names: {all_species_names}"
                )

    return self

validate_structure_features()

Source code in optimade/models/structures.py 
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@model_validator(mode="after")
def validate_structure_features(self) -> "StructureResourceAttributes":
    if [
        StructureFeatures(value)
        for value in sorted(_.value for _ in self.structure_features)
    ] != self.structure_features:
        raise ValueError(
            "structure_features MUST be sorted alphabetically, structure_features: "
            f"{self.structure_features}"
        )

    # assemblies
    if self.assemblies is not None:
        if StructureFeatures.ASSEMBLIES not in self.structure_features:
            raise ValueError(
                f"{StructureFeatures.ASSEMBLIES.value} MUST be present, since the "
                "property of the same name is present"
            )
    elif StructureFeatures.ASSEMBLIES in self.structure_features:
        raise ValueError(
            f"{StructureFeatures.ASSEMBLIES.value} MUST NOT be present, "
            "since the property of the same name is not present"
        )

    if self.species:
        # disorder
        for species in self.species:
            if len(species.chemical_symbols) > 1:
                if StructureFeatures.DISORDER not in self.structure_features:
                    raise ValueError(
                        f"{StructureFeatures.DISORDER.value} MUST be present when "
                        "any one entry in species has a chemical_symbols list "
                        "greater than one element"
                    )
                break
        else:
            if StructureFeatures.DISORDER in self.structure_features:
                raise ValueError(
                    f"{StructureFeatures.DISORDER.value} MUST NOT be present, "
                    "since all species' chemical_symbols lists are equal to or "
                    "less than one element"
                )

        # site_attachments
        for species in self.species:
            # There is no need to also test "nattached",
            # since a Species validator makes sure either both are present or both are None.
            if species.attached is not None:
                if (
                    StructureFeatures.SITE_ATTACHMENTS
                    not in self.structure_features
                ):
                    raise ValueError(
                        f"{StructureFeatures.SITE_ATTACHMENTS.value} MUST be "
                        "present when any one entry in species includes attached "
                        "and nattached"
                    )
                break
        else:
            if StructureFeatures.SITE_ATTACHMENTS in self.structure_features:
                raise ValueError(
                    f"{StructureFeatures.SITE_ATTACHMENTS.value} MUST NOT be "
                    "present, since no species includes the attached and nattached"
                    " fields"
                )

        # implicit_atoms
        for name in [_.name for _ in self.species]:
            if (
                self.species_at_sites is not None
                and name not in self.species_at_sites
            ):
                if StructureFeatures.IMPLICIT_ATOMS not in self.structure_features:
                    raise ValueError(
                        f"{StructureFeatures.IMPLICIT_ATOMS.value} MUST be present"
                        " when any one entry in species is not represented in "
                        "species_at_sites"
                    )
                break
        else:
            if StructureFeatures.IMPLICIT_ATOMS in self.structure_features:
                raise ValueError(
                    f"{StructureFeatures.IMPLICIT_ATOMS.value} MUST NOT be "
                    "present, since all species are represented in species_at_sites"
                )

    return self

warn_on_missing_correlated_fields()

Emit warnings if a field takes a null value when a value was expected based on the value/nullity of another field.

Source code in optimade/models/structures.py 
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@model_validator(mode="after")
def warn_on_missing_correlated_fields(self) -> "StructureResourceAttributes":
    """Emit warnings if a field takes a null value when a value
    was expected based on the value/nullity of another field.
    """
    accumulated_warnings = []
    for field_set in CORRELATED_STRUCTURE_FIELDS:
        missing_fields = {
            field for field in field_set if getattr(self, field, None) is None
        }
        if missing_fields and len(missing_fields) != len(field_set):
            accumulated_warnings += [
                f"Structure with attributes {self} is missing fields "
                f"{missing_fields} which are required if "
                f"{field_set - missing_fields} are present."
            ]

    for warn in accumulated_warnings:
        warnings.warn(warn, MissingExpectedField)

    return self

StructureResponseMany

Bases: EntryResponseMany

Source code in optimade/models/responses.py 
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class StructureResponseMany(EntryResponseMany):
    data: Annotated[
        list[StructureResource] | list[dict[str, Any]],
        StrictField(
            description="List of unique OPTIMADE structures entry resource objects.",
            uniqueItems=True,
            union_mode="left_to_right",
        ),
    ]

data: Annotated[list[StructureResource] | list[dict[str, Any]], StrictField(description='List of unique OPTIMADE structures entry resource objects.', uniqueItems=True, union_mode=left_to_right)] instance-attribute

errors: Annotated[list[Error] | None, StrictField(description='A list of unique errors', uniqueItems=True)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

included: Annotated[list[EntryResource] | list[dict[str, Any]] | None, StrictField(description='A list of unique included OPTIMADE entry resources.', uniqueItems=True, union_mode=left_to_right)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

jsonapi: Annotated[JsonApi | None, StrictField(description='Information about the JSON API used')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

meta: Annotated[ResponseMeta, StrictField(description='A meta object containing non-standard information')] instance-attribute

model_config = ConfigDict(json_encoders={datetime: lambda v: v.astimezone(timezone.utc).strftime('%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ')}) class-attribute instance-attribute

The specification mandates that datetimes must be encoded following RFC3339, which does not support fractional seconds, thus they must be stripped in the response. This can cause issues when the underlying database contains fields that do include microseconds, as filters may return unexpected results.

either_data_meta_or_errors_must_be_set()

Overwriting the existing validation function, since 'errors' MUST NOT be set.

Source code in optimade/models/optimade_json.py 
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@model_validator(mode="after")
def either_data_meta_or_errors_must_be_set(self) -> "Success":
    """Overwriting the existing validation function, since 'errors' MUST NOT be set."""
    required_fields = ("data", "meta")
    if not any(field in self.model_fields_set for field in required_fields):
        raise ValueError(
            f"At least one of {required_fields} MUST be specified in the top-level response."
        )

    # errors MUST be skipped
    if self.errors or "errors" in self.model_fields_set:
        raise ValueError("'errors' MUST be skipped for a successful response.")

    return self

StructureResponseOne

Bases: EntryResponseOne

Source code in optimade/models/responses.py 
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class StructureResponseOne(EntryResponseOne):
    data: Annotated[
        StructureResource | dict[str, Any] | None,
        StrictField(
            description="A single structures entry resource.",
            union_mode="left_to_right",
        ),
    ]

data: Annotated[StructureResource | dict[str, Any] | None, StrictField(description='A single structures entry resource.', union_mode=left_to_right)] instance-attribute

errors: Annotated[list[Error] | None, StrictField(description='A list of unique errors', uniqueItems=True)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

included: Annotated[list[EntryResource] | list[dict[str, Any]] | None, StrictField(description='A list of unique included OPTIMADE entry resources.', uniqueItems=True, union_mode=left_to_right)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

jsonapi: Annotated[JsonApi | None, StrictField(description='Information about the JSON API used')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

meta: Annotated[ResponseMeta, StrictField(description='A meta object containing non-standard information')] instance-attribute

model_config = ConfigDict(json_encoders={datetime: lambda v: v.astimezone(timezone.utc).strftime('%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ')}) class-attribute instance-attribute

The specification mandates that datetimes must be encoded following RFC3339, which does not support fractional seconds, thus they must be stripped in the response. This can cause issues when the underlying database contains fields that do include microseconds, as filters may return unexpected results.

either_data_meta_or_errors_must_be_set()

Overwriting the existing validation function, since 'errors' MUST NOT be set.

Source code in optimade/models/optimade_json.py 
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@model_validator(mode="after")
def either_data_meta_or_errors_must_be_set(self) -> "Success":
    """Overwriting the existing validation function, since 'errors' MUST NOT be set."""
    required_fields = ("data", "meta")
    if not any(field in self.model_fields_set for field in required_fields):
        raise ValueError(
            f"At least one of {required_fields} MUST be specified in the top-level response."
        )

    # errors MUST be skipped
    if self.errors or "errors" in self.model_fields_set:
        raise ValueError("'errors' MUST be skipped for a successful response.")

    return self

Success

Bases: Response

errors are not allowed

Source code in optimade/models/optimade_json.py 
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class Success(jsonapi.Response):
    """errors are not allowed"""

    meta: Annotated[
        ResponseMeta,
        StrictField(description="A meta object containing non-standard information"),
    ]

    @model_validator(mode="after")
    def either_data_meta_or_errors_must_be_set(self) -> "Success":
        """Overwriting the existing validation function, since 'errors' MUST NOT be set."""
        required_fields = ("data", "meta")
        if not any(field in self.model_fields_set for field in required_fields):
            raise ValueError(
                f"At least one of {required_fields} MUST be specified in the top-level response."
            )

        # errors MUST be skipped
        if self.errors or "errors" in self.model_fields_set:
            raise ValueError("'errors' MUST be skipped for a successful response.")

        return self

data: Annotated[None | Resource | list[Resource] | None, StrictField(description='Outputted Data', uniqueItems=True)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

errors: Annotated[list[Error] | None, StrictField(description='A list of unique errors', uniqueItems=True)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

included: Annotated[list[Resource] | None, StrictField(description='A list of unique included resources', uniqueItems=True)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

jsonapi: Annotated[JsonApi | None, StrictField(description='Information about the JSON API used')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

meta: Annotated[ResponseMeta, StrictField(description='A meta object containing non-standard information')] instance-attribute

model_config = ConfigDict(json_encoders={datetime: lambda v: v.astimezone(timezone.utc).strftime('%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ')}) class-attribute instance-attribute

The specification mandates that datetimes must be encoded following RFC3339, which does not support fractional seconds, thus they must be stripped in the response. This can cause issues when the underlying database contains fields that do include microseconds, as filters may return unexpected results.

either_data_meta_or_errors_must_be_set()

Overwriting the existing validation function, since 'errors' MUST NOT be set.

Source code in optimade/models/optimade_json.py 
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@model_validator(mode="after")
def either_data_meta_or_errors_must_be_set(self) -> "Success":
    """Overwriting the existing validation function, since 'errors' MUST NOT be set."""
    required_fields = ("data", "meta")
    if not any(field in self.model_fields_set for field in required_fields):
        raise ValueError(
            f"At least one of {required_fields} MUST be specified in the top-level response."
        )

    # errors MUST be skipped
    if self.errors or "errors" in self.model_fields_set:
        raise ValueError("'errors' MUST be skipped for a successful response.")

    return self

SupportLevel

Bases: Enum

OPTIMADE property/field support levels

Source code in optimade/models/utils.py 
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class SupportLevel(Enum):
    """OPTIMADE property/field support levels"""

    MUST = "must"
    SHOULD = "should"
    OPTIONAL = "optional"

MUST = 'must' class-attribute instance-attribute

OPTIONAL = 'optional' class-attribute instance-attribute

SHOULD = 'should' class-attribute instance-attribute

Bases: BaseModel

A set of Links objects, possibly including pagination

Source code in optimade/models/jsonapi.py 
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class ToplevelLinks(BaseModel):
    """A set of Links objects, possibly including pagination"""

    model_config = ConfigDict(extra="allow")

    self: Annotated[
        JsonLinkType | None, StrictField(description="A link to itself")
    ] = None
    related: Annotated[
        JsonLinkType | None, StrictField(description="A related resource link")
    ] = None

    # Pagination
    first: Annotated[
        JsonLinkType | None, StrictField(description="The first page of data")
    ] = None
    last: Annotated[
        JsonLinkType | None, StrictField(description="The last page of data")
    ] = None
    prev: Annotated[
        JsonLinkType | None, StrictField(description="The previous page of data")
    ] = None
    next: Annotated[
        JsonLinkType | None, StrictField(description="The next page of data")
    ] = None

    @model_validator(mode="after")
    def check_additional_keys_are_links(self) -> "ToplevelLinks":
        """The `ToplevelLinks` class allows any additional keys, as long as
        they are also Links or Urls themselves.

        """
        for field, value in self:
            if field not in self.model_fields:
                setattr(
                    self,
                    field,
                    TypeAdapter(Optional[JsonLinkType]).validate_python(value),
                )

        return self

first: Annotated[JsonLinkType | None, StrictField(description='The first page of data')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

last: Annotated[JsonLinkType | None, StrictField(description='The last page of data')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

model_config = ConfigDict(extra='allow') class-attribute instance-attribute

next: Annotated[JsonLinkType | None, StrictField(description='The next page of data')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

prev: Annotated[JsonLinkType | None, StrictField(description='The previous page of data')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

related: Annotated[JsonLinkType | None, StrictField(description='A related resource link')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

self: Annotated[JsonLinkType | None, StrictField(description='A link to itself')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

The ToplevelLinks class allows any additional keys, as long as they are also Links or Urls themselves.

Source code in optimade/models/jsonapi.py 
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@model_validator(mode="after")
def check_additional_keys_are_links(self) -> "ToplevelLinks":
    """The `ToplevelLinks` class allows any additional keys, as long as
    they are also Links or Urls themselves.

    """
    for field, value in self:
        if field not in self.model_fields:
            setattr(
                self,
                field,
                TypeAdapter(Optional[JsonLinkType]).validate_python(value),
            )

    return self

Warnings

Bases: OptimadeError

OPTIMADE-specific warning class based on OPTIMADE-specific JSON API Error.

From the specification:

A warning resource object is defined similarly to a JSON API error object, but MUST also include the field type, which MUST have the value "warning". The field detail MUST be present and SHOULD contain a non-critical message, e.g., reporting unrecognized search attributes or deprecated features.

Note: Must be named "Warnings", since "Warning" is a built-in Python class.

Source code in optimade/models/optimade_json.py 
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class Warnings(OptimadeError):
    """OPTIMADE-specific warning class based on OPTIMADE-specific JSON API Error.

    From the specification:

    A warning resource object is defined similarly to a JSON API error object, but MUST also include the field type, which MUST have the value "warning".
    The field detail MUST be present and SHOULD contain a non-critical message, e.g., reporting unrecognized search attributes or deprecated features.

    Note: Must be named "Warnings", since "Warning" is a built-in Python class.

    """

    model_config = ConfigDict(json_schema_extra=warnings_json_schema_extra)

    type: Annotated[
        Literal["warning"],
        StrictField(
            description='Warnings must be of type "warning"',
            pattern="^warning$",
        ),
    ] = "warning"

    @model_validator(mode="after")
    def status_must_not_be_specified(self) -> "Warnings":
        if self.status or "status" in self.model_fields_set:
            raise ValueError("status MUST NOT be specified for warnings")
        return self

code: Annotated[str | None, StrictField(description='an application-specific error code, expressed as a string value.')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

detail: Annotated[str, StrictField(description='A human-readable explanation specific to this occurrence of the problem.')] instance-attribute

id: Annotated[str | None, StrictField(description='A unique identifier for this particular occurrence of the problem.')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

meta: Annotated[Meta | None, StrictField(description='a meta object containing non-standard meta-information about the error.')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

model_config = ConfigDict(json_schema_extra=warnings_json_schema_extra) class-attribute instance-attribute

source: Annotated[ErrorSource | None, StrictField(description='An object containing references to the source of the error')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

status: Annotated[Annotated[str, BeforeValidator(str)] | None, StrictField(description='the HTTP status code applicable to this problem, expressed as a string value.')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

title: Annotated[str | None, StrictField(description='A short, human-readable summary of the problem. It **SHOULD NOT** change from occurrence to occurrence of the problem, except for purposes of localization.')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

type: Annotated[Literal['warning'], StrictField(description='Warnings must be of type "warning"', pattern='^warning$')] = 'warning' class-attribute instance-attribute

__hash__()

Source code in optimade/models/jsonapi.py 
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def __hash__(self):
    return hash(self.model_dump_json())

status_must_not_be_specified()

Source code in optimade/models/optimade_json.py 
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@model_validator(mode="after")
def status_must_not_be_specified(self) -> "Warnings":
    if self.status or "status" in self.model_fields_set:
        raise ValueError("status MUST NOT be specified for warnings")
    return self

baseinfo

VERSIONED_BASE_URL_PATTERN = '^.+/v[0-1](\\.[0-9]+)*/?$' module-attribute

AvailableApiVersion

Bases: BaseModel

A JSON object containing information about an available API version

Source code in optimade/models/baseinfo.py 
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class AvailableApiVersion(BaseModel):
    """A JSON object containing information about an available API version"""

    url: Annotated[
        AnyHttpUrl,
        StrictField(
            description="A string specifying a versioned base URL that MUST adhere to the rules in section Base URL",
            json_schema_extra={
                "pattern": VERSIONED_BASE_URL_PATTERN,
            },
        ),
    ]

    version: Annotated[
        SemanticVersion,
        StrictField(
            description="""A string containing the full version number of the API served at that versioned base URL.
The version number string MUST NOT be prefixed by, e.g., 'v'.
Examples: `1.0.0`, `1.0.0-rc.2`.""",
        ),
    ]

    @field_validator("url", mode="after")
    @classmethod
    def url_must_be_versioned_base_Url(cls, value: AnyHttpUrl) -> AnyHttpUrl:
        """The URL must be a versioned base URL"""
        if not re.match(VERSIONED_BASE_URL_PATTERN, str(value)):
            raise ValueError(
                f"URL {value} must be a versioned base URL (i.e., must match the "
                f"pattern '{VERSIONED_BASE_URL_PATTERN}')"
            )
        return value

    @model_validator(mode="after")
    def crosscheck_url_and_version(self) -> "AvailableApiVersion":
        """Check that URL version and API version are compatible."""
        url = (
            str(self.url)
            .split("/")[-2 if str(self.url).endswith("/") else -1]
            .replace("v", "")
        )
        # as with version urls, we need to split any release tags or build metadata out of these URLs
        url_version = tuple(
            int(val) for val in url.split("-")[0].split("+")[0].split(".")
        )
        api_version = tuple(
            int(val) for val in str(self.version).split("-")[0].split("+")[0].split(".")
        )
        if any(a != b for a, b in zip(url_version, api_version)):
            raise ValueError(
                f"API version {api_version} is not compatible with url version {url_version}."
            )
        return self

url: Annotated[AnyHttpUrl, StrictField(description='A string specifying a versioned base URL that MUST adhere to the rules in section Base URL', json_schema_extra={pattern: VERSIONED_BASE_URL_PATTERN})] instance-attribute

version: Annotated[SemanticVersion, StrictField(description="A string containing the full version number of the API served at that versioned base URL.\nThe version number string MUST NOT be prefixed by, e.g., 'v'.\nExamples: `1.0.0`, `1.0.0-rc.2`.")] instance-attribute

crosscheck_url_and_version()

Check that URL version and API version are compatible.

Source code in optimade/models/baseinfo.py 
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@model_validator(mode="after")
def crosscheck_url_and_version(self) -> "AvailableApiVersion":
    """Check that URL version and API version are compatible."""
    url = (
        str(self.url)
        .split("/")[-2 if str(self.url).endswith("/") else -1]
        .replace("v", "")
    )
    # as with version urls, we need to split any release tags or build metadata out of these URLs
    url_version = tuple(
        int(val) for val in url.split("-")[0].split("+")[0].split(".")
    )
    api_version = tuple(
        int(val) for val in str(self.version).split("-")[0].split("+")[0].split(".")
    )
    if any(a != b for a, b in zip(url_version, api_version)):
        raise ValueError(
            f"API version {api_version} is not compatible with url version {url_version}."
        )
    return self

url_must_be_versioned_base_Url(value) classmethod

The URL must be a versioned base URL

Source code in optimade/models/baseinfo.py 
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@field_validator("url", mode="after")
@classmethod
def url_must_be_versioned_base_Url(cls, value: AnyHttpUrl) -> AnyHttpUrl:
    """The URL must be a versioned base URL"""
    if not re.match(VERSIONED_BASE_URL_PATTERN, str(value)):
        raise ValueError(
            f"URL {value} must be a versioned base URL (i.e., must match the "
            f"pattern '{VERSIONED_BASE_URL_PATTERN}')"
        )
    return value

BaseInfoAttributes

Bases: BaseModel

Attributes for Base URL Info endpoint

Source code in optimade/models/baseinfo.py 
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class BaseInfoAttributes(BaseModel):
    """Attributes for Base URL Info endpoint"""

    api_version: Annotated[
        SemanticVersion,
        StrictField(
            description="""Presently used full version of the OPTIMADE API.
The version number string MUST NOT be prefixed by, e.g., "v".
Examples: `1.0.0`, `1.0.0-rc.2`.""",
        ),
    ]
    available_api_versions: Annotated[
        list[AvailableApiVersion],
        StrictField(
            description="A list of dictionaries of available API versions at other base URLs",
        ),
    ]
    formats: Annotated[
        list[str], StrictField(description="List of available output formats.")
    ] = ["json"]
    available_endpoints: Annotated[
        list[str],
        StrictField(
            description="List of available endpoints (i.e., the string to be appended to the versioned base URL).",
        ),
    ]
    entry_types_by_format: Annotated[
        dict[str, list[str]],
        StrictField(
            description="Available entry endpoints as a function of output formats."
        ),
    ]
    is_index: Annotated[
        bool | None,
        StrictField(
            description="If true, this is an index meta-database base URL (see section Index Meta-Database). "
            "If this member is not provided, the client MUST assume this is not an index meta-database base URL "
            "(i.e., the default is for `is_index` to be `false`).",
        ),
    ] = False

    @model_validator(mode="after")
    def formats_and_endpoints_must_be_valid(self) -> "BaseInfoAttributes":
        for format_, endpoints in self.entry_types_by_format.items():
            if format_ not in self.formats:
                raise ValueError(f"'{format_}' must be listed in formats to be valid")
            for endpoint in endpoints:
                if endpoint not in self.available_endpoints:
                    raise ValueError(
                        f"'{endpoint}' must be listed in available_endpoints to be valid"
                    )
        return self

api_version: Annotated[SemanticVersion, StrictField(description='Presently used full version of the OPTIMADE API.\nThe version number string MUST NOT be prefixed by, e.g., "v".\nExamples: `1.0.0`, `1.0.0-rc.2`.')] instance-attribute

available_api_versions: Annotated[list[AvailableApiVersion], StrictField(description='A list of dictionaries of available API versions at other base URLs')] instance-attribute

available_endpoints: Annotated[list[str], StrictField(description='List of available endpoints (i.e., the string to be appended to the versioned base URL).')] instance-attribute

entry_types_by_format: Annotated[dict[str, list[str]], StrictField(description='Available entry endpoints as a function of output formats.')] instance-attribute

formats: Annotated[list[str], StrictField(description='List of available output formats.')] = ['json'] class-attribute instance-attribute

is_index: Annotated[bool | None, StrictField(description='If true, this is an index meta-database base URL (see section Index Meta-Database). If this member is not provided, the client MUST assume this is not an index meta-database base URL (i.e., the default is for `is_index` to be `false`).')] = False class-attribute instance-attribute

formats_and_endpoints_must_be_valid()

Source code in optimade/models/baseinfo.py 
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@model_validator(mode="after")
def formats_and_endpoints_must_be_valid(self) -> "BaseInfoAttributes":
    for format_, endpoints in self.entry_types_by_format.items():
        if format_ not in self.formats:
            raise ValueError(f"'{format_}' must be listed in formats to be valid")
        for endpoint in endpoints:
            if endpoint not in self.available_endpoints:
                raise ValueError(
                    f"'{endpoint}' must be listed in available_endpoints to be valid"
                )
    return self

BaseInfoResource

Bases: Resource

Source code in optimade/models/baseinfo.py 
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class BaseInfoResource(Resource):
    id: Literal["/"] = "/"
    type: Literal["info"] = "info"
    attributes: BaseInfoAttributes

attributes: BaseInfoAttributes instance-attribute

id: Literal['/'] = '/' class-attribute instance-attribute

meta: Annotated[Meta | None, StrictField(description='a meta object containing non-standard meta-information about a resource that can not be represented as an attribute or relationship.')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

model_config = ConfigDict(json_schema_extra=resource_json_schema_extra) class-attribute instance-attribute

relationships: Annotated[Relationships | None, StrictField(description='[Relationships object](https://jsonapi.org/format/1.0/#document-resource-object-relationships)\ndescribing relationships between the resource and other JSON API resources.')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

type: Literal['info'] = 'info' class-attribute instance-attribute

entries

EntryInfoProperty

Bases: BaseModel

Source code in optimade/models/entries.py 
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class EntryInfoProperty(BaseModel):
    description: Annotated[
        str,
        StrictField(description="A human-readable description of the entry property"),
    ]

    unit: Annotated[
        str | None,
        StrictField(
            description="""The physical unit of the entry property.
This MUST be a valid representation of units according to version 2.1 of [The Unified Code for Units of Measure](https://unitsofmeasure.org/ucum.html).
It is RECOMMENDED that non-standard (non-SI) units are described in the description for the property.""",
        ),
    ] = None

    sortable: Annotated[
        bool | None,
        StrictField(
            description="""Defines whether the entry property can be used for sorting with the "sort" parameter.
If the entry listing endpoint supports sorting, this key MUST be present for sortable properties with value `true`.""",
        ),
    ] = None

    type: Annotated[
        DataType | None,
        StrictField(
            title="Type",
            description="""The type of the property's value.
This MUST be any of the types defined in the Data types section.
For the purpose of compatibility with future versions of this specification, a client MUST accept values that are not `string` values specifying any of the OPTIMADE Data types, but MUST then also disregard the `type` field.
Note, if the value is a nested type, only the outermost type should be reported.
E.g., for the entry resource `structures`, the `species` property is defined as a list of dictionaries, hence its `type` value would be `list`.""",
        ),
    ] = None

description: Annotated[str, StrictField(description='A human-readable description of the entry property')] instance-attribute

sortable: Annotated[bool | None, StrictField(description='Defines whether the entry property can be used for sorting with the "sort" parameter.\nIf the entry listing endpoint supports sorting, this key MUST be present for sortable properties with value `true`.')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

type: Annotated[DataType | None, StrictField(title=Type, description="The type of the property's value.\nThis MUST be any of the types defined in the Data types section.\nFor the purpose of compatibility with future versions of this specification, a client MUST accept values that are not `string` values specifying any of the OPTIMADE Data types, but MUST then also disregard the `type` field.\nNote, if the value is a nested type, only the outermost type should be reported.\nE.g., for the entry resource `structures`, the `species` property is defined as a list of dictionaries, hence its `type` value would be `list`.")] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

unit: Annotated[str | None, StrictField(description='The physical unit of the entry property.\nThis MUST be a valid representation of units according to version 2.1 of [The Unified Code for Units of Measure](https://unitsofmeasure.org/ucum.html).\nIt is RECOMMENDED that non-standard (non-SI) units are described in the description for the property.')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

EntryInfoResource

Bases: BaseModel

Source code in optimade/models/entries.py 
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class EntryInfoResource(BaseModel):
    formats: Annotated[
        list[str],
        StrictField(
            description="List of output formats available for this type of entry."
        ),
    ]

    description: Annotated[str, StrictField(description="Description of the entry.")]

    properties: Annotated[
        dict[ValidIdentifier, EntryInfoProperty],
        StrictField(
            description="A dictionary describing queryable properties for this entry type, where each key is a property name.",
        ),
    ]

    output_fields_by_format: Annotated[
        dict[str, list[ValidIdentifier]],
        StrictField(
            description="Dictionary of available output fields for this entry type, where the keys are the values of the `formats` list and the values are the keys of the `properties` dictionary.",
        ),
    ]

description: Annotated[str, StrictField(description='Description of the entry.')] instance-attribute

formats: Annotated[list[str], StrictField(description='List of output formats available for this type of entry.')] instance-attribute

output_fields_by_format: Annotated[dict[str, list[ValidIdentifier]], StrictField(description='Dictionary of available output fields for this entry type, where the keys are the values of the `formats` list and the values are the keys of the `properties` dictionary.')] instance-attribute

properties: Annotated[dict[ValidIdentifier, EntryInfoProperty], StrictField(description='A dictionary describing queryable properties for this entry type, where each key is a property name.')] instance-attribute

EntryRelationships

Bases: Relationships

This model wraps the JSON API Relationships to include type-specific top level keys.

Source code in optimade/models/entries.py 
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class EntryRelationships(Relationships):
    """This model wraps the JSON API Relationships to include type-specific top level keys."""

    references: Annotated[
        ReferenceRelationship | None,
        StrictField(
            description="Object containing links to relationships with entries of the `references` type.",
        ),
    ] = None

    structures: Annotated[
        StructureRelationship | None,
        StrictField(
            description="Object containing links to relationships with entries of the `structures` type.",
        ),
    ] = None

references: Annotated[ReferenceRelationship | None, StrictField(description='Object containing links to relationships with entries of the `references` type.')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

structures: Annotated[StructureRelationship | None, StrictField(description='Object containing links to relationships with entries of the `structures` type.')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

check_illegal_relationships_fields()

Source code in optimade/models/jsonapi.py 
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@model_validator(mode="after")
def check_illegal_relationships_fields(self) -> "Relationships":
    illegal_fields = ("id", "type")
    for field in illegal_fields:
        if hasattr(self, field):
            raise ValueError(
                f"{illegal_fields} MUST NOT be fields under Relationships"
            )
    return self

EntryResource

Bases: Resource

The base model for an entry resource.

Source code in optimade/models/entries.py 
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class EntryResource(Resource):
    """The base model for an entry resource."""

    id: Annotated[
        str,
        OptimadeField(
            description="""An entry's ID as defined in section Definition of Terms.

- **Type**: string.

- **Requirements/Conventions**:
    - **Support**: MUST be supported by all implementations, MUST NOT be `null`.
    - **Query**: MUST be a queryable property with support for all mandatory filter features.
    - **Response**: REQUIRED in the response.

- **Examples**:
    - `"db/1234567"`
    - `"cod/2000000"`
    - `"cod/2000000@1234567"`
    - `"nomad/L1234567890"`
    - `"42"`""",
            support=SupportLevel.MUST,
            queryable=SupportLevel.MUST,
        ),
    ]

    type: Annotated[
        str,
        OptimadeField(
            description="""The name of the type of an entry.

- **Type**: string.

- **Requirements/Conventions**:
    - **Support**: MUST be supported by all implementations, MUST NOT be `null`.
    - **Query**: MUST be a queryable property with support for all mandatory filter features.
    - **Response**: REQUIRED in the response.
    - MUST be an existing entry type.
    - The entry of type `<type>` and ID `<id>` MUST be returned in response to a request for `/<type>/<id>` under the versioned base URL.

- **Example**: `"structures"`""",
            support=SupportLevel.MUST,
            queryable=SupportLevel.MUST,
        ),
    ]

    attributes: Annotated[
        EntryResourceAttributes,
        StrictField(
            description="""A dictionary, containing key-value pairs representing the entry's properties, except for `type` and `id`.
Database-provider-specific properties need to include the database-provider-specific prefix (see section on Database-Provider-Specific Namespace Prefixes).""",
        ),
    ]

    relationships: Annotated[
        EntryRelationships | None,
        StrictField(
            description="""A dictionary containing references to other entries according to the description in section Relationships encoded as [JSON API Relationships](https://jsonapi.org/format/1.0/#document-resource-object-relationships).
The OPTIONAL human-readable description of the relationship MAY be provided in the `description` field inside the `meta` dictionary of the JSON API resource identifier object.""",
        ),
    ] = None

attributes: Annotated[EntryResourceAttributes, StrictField(description="A dictionary, containing key-value pairs representing the entry's properties, except for `type` and `id`.\nDatabase-provider-specific properties need to include the database-provider-specific prefix (see section on Database-Provider-Specific Namespace Prefixes).")] instance-attribute

id: Annotated[str, OptimadeField(description='An entry\'s ID as defined in section Definition of Terms.\n\n- **Type**: string.\n\n- **Requirements/Conventions**:\n - **Support**: MUST be supported by all implementations, MUST NOT be `null`.\n - **Query**: MUST be a queryable property with support for all mandatory filter features.\n - **Response**: REQUIRED in the response.\n\n- **Examples**:\n - `"db/1234567"`\n - `"cod/2000000"`\n - `"cod/2000000@1234567"`\n - `"nomad/L1234567890"`\n - `"42"`', support=SupportLevel.MUST, queryable=SupportLevel.MUST)] instance-attribute

meta: Annotated[Meta | None, StrictField(description='a meta object containing non-standard meta-information about a resource that can not be represented as an attribute or relationship.')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

model_config = ConfigDict(json_schema_extra=resource_json_schema_extra) class-attribute instance-attribute

relationships: Annotated[EntryRelationships | None, StrictField(description='A dictionary containing references to other entries according to the description in section Relationships encoded as [JSON API Relationships](https://jsonapi.org/format/1.0/#document-resource-object-relationships).\nThe OPTIONAL human-readable description of the relationship MAY be provided in the `description` field inside the `meta` dictionary of the JSON API resource identifier object.')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

type: Annotated[str, OptimadeField(description='The name of the type of an entry.\n\n- **Type**: string.\n\n- **Requirements/Conventions**:\n - **Support**: MUST be supported by all implementations, MUST NOT be `null`.\n - **Query**: MUST be a queryable property with support for all mandatory filter features.\n - **Response**: REQUIRED in the response.\n - MUST be an existing entry type.\n - The entry of type `<type>` and ID `<id>` MUST be returned in response to a request for `/<type>/<id>` under the versioned base URL.\n\n- **Example**: `"structures"`', support=SupportLevel.MUST, queryable=SupportLevel.MUST)] instance-attribute

EntryResourceAttributes

Bases: Attributes

Contains key-value pairs representing the entry's properties.

Source code in optimade/models/entries.py 
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class EntryResourceAttributes(Attributes):
    """Contains key-value pairs representing the entry's properties."""

    immutable_id: Annotated[
        str | None,
        OptimadeField(
            description="""The entry's immutable ID (e.g., an UUID). This is important for databases having preferred IDs that point to "the latest version" of a record, but still offer access to older variants. This ID maps to the version-specific record, in case it changes in the future.

- **Type**: string.

- **Requirements/Conventions**:
    - **Support**: OPTIONAL support in implementations, i.e., MAY be `null`.
    - **Query**: MUST be a queryable property with support for all mandatory filter features.

- **Examples**:
    - `"8bd3e750-b477-41a0-9b11-3a799f21b44f"`
    - `"fjeiwoj,54;@=%<>#32"` (Strings that are not URL-safe are allowed.)""",
            support=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
            queryable=SupportLevel.MUST,
        ),
    ] = None

    last_modified: Annotated[
        datetime | None,
        OptimadeField(
            description="""Date and time representing when the entry was last modified.

- **Type**: timestamp.

- **Requirements/Conventions**:
    - **Support**: SHOULD be supported by all implementations, i.e., SHOULD NOT be `null`.
    - **Query**: MUST be a queryable property with support for all mandatory filter features.
    - **Response**: REQUIRED in the response unless the query parameter `response_fields` is present and does not include this property.

- **Example**:
    - As part of JSON response format: `"2007-04-05T14:30:20Z"` (i.e., encoded as an [RFC 3339 Internet Date/Time Format](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3339#section-5.6) string.)""",
            support=SupportLevel.SHOULD,
            queryable=SupportLevel.MUST,
        ),
    ]

    @field_validator("immutable_id", mode="before")
    @classmethod
    def cast_immutable_id_to_str(cls, value: Any) -> str:
        """Convenience validator for casting `immutable_id` to a string."""
        if value is not None and not isinstance(value, str):
            value = str(value)

        return value

immutable_id: Annotated[str | None, OptimadeField(description='The entry\'s immutable ID (e.g., an UUID). This is important for databases having preferred IDs that point to "the latest version" of a record, but still offer access to older variants. This ID maps to the version-specific record, in case it changes in the future.\n\n- **Type**: string.\n\n- **Requirements/Conventions**:\n - **Support**: OPTIONAL support in implementations, i.e., MAY be `null`.\n - **Query**: MUST be a queryable property with support for all mandatory filter features.\n\n- **Examples**:\n - `"8bd3e750-b477-41a0-9b11-3a799f21b44f"`\n - `"fjeiwoj,54;@=%<>#32"` (Strings that are not URL-safe are allowed.)', support=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL, queryable=SupportLevel.MUST)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

last_modified: Annotated[datetime | None, OptimadeField(description='Date and time representing when the entry was last modified.\n\n- **Type**: timestamp.\n\n- **Requirements/Conventions**:\n - **Support**: SHOULD be supported by all implementations, i.e., SHOULD NOT be `null`.\n - **Query**: MUST be a queryable property with support for all mandatory filter features.\n - **Response**: REQUIRED in the response unless the query parameter `response_fields` is present and does not include this property.\n\n- **Example**:\n - As part of JSON response format: `"2007-04-05T14:30:20Z"` (i.e., encoded as an [RFC 3339 Internet Date/Time Format](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3339#section-5.6) string.)', support=SupportLevel.SHOULD, queryable=SupportLevel.MUST)] instance-attribute

model_config = ConfigDict(extra='allow') class-attribute instance-attribute

cast_immutable_id_to_str(value) classmethod

Convenience validator for casting immutable_id to a string.

Source code in optimade/models/entries.py 
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@field_validator("immutable_id", mode="before")
@classmethod
def cast_immutable_id_to_str(cls, value: Any) -> str:
    """Convenience validator for casting `immutable_id` to a string."""
    if value is not None and not isinstance(value, str):
        value = str(value)

    return value

check_illegal_attributes_fields()

Source code in optimade/models/jsonapi.py 
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@model_validator(mode="after")
def check_illegal_attributes_fields(self) -> "Attributes":
    illegal_fields = ("relationships", "links", "id", "type")
    for field in illegal_fields:
        if hasattr(self, field):
            raise ValueError(
                f"{illegal_fields} MUST NOT be fields under Attributes"
            )
    return self

ReferenceRelationship

Bases: TypedRelationship

Source code in optimade/models/entries.py 
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class ReferenceRelationship(TypedRelationship):
    _req_type: ClassVar[Literal["references"]] = "references"

data: Annotated[BaseRelationshipResource | list[BaseRelationshipResource] | None, StrictField(description='Resource linkage', uniqueItems=True)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

meta: Annotated[Meta | None, StrictField(description='a meta object that contains non-standard meta-information about the relationship.')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

at_least_one_relationship_key_must_be_set()

Source code in optimade/models/jsonapi.py 
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@model_validator(mode="after")
def at_least_one_relationship_key_must_be_set(self) -> "Relationship":
    if self.links is None and self.data is None and self.meta is None:
        raise ValueError(
            "Either 'links', 'data', or 'meta' MUST be specified for Relationship"
        )
    return self

check_rel_type(data) classmethod

Source code in optimade/models/entries.py 
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@field_validator("data", mode="after")
@classmethod
def check_rel_type(
    cls, data: BaseRelationshipResource | list[BaseRelationshipResource]
) -> list[BaseRelationshipResource]:
    if not isinstance(data, list):
        # All relationships at this point are empty-to-many relationships in JSON:API:
        # https://jsonapi.org/format/1.0/#document-resource-object-linkage
        raise ValueError("`data` key in a relationship must always store a list.")

    if any(obj.type != cls._req_type for obj in data):
        raise ValueError("Object stored in relationship data has wrong type")

    return data

StructureRelationship

Bases: TypedRelationship

Source code in optimade/models/entries.py 
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class StructureRelationship(TypedRelationship):
    _req_type: ClassVar[Literal["structures"]] = "structures"

data: Annotated[BaseRelationshipResource | list[BaseRelationshipResource] | None, StrictField(description='Resource linkage', uniqueItems=True)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

meta: Annotated[Meta | None, StrictField(description='a meta object that contains non-standard meta-information about the relationship.')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

at_least_one_relationship_key_must_be_set()

Source code in optimade/models/jsonapi.py 
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@model_validator(mode="after")
def at_least_one_relationship_key_must_be_set(self) -> "Relationship":
    if self.links is None and self.data is None and self.meta is None:
        raise ValueError(
            "Either 'links', 'data', or 'meta' MUST be specified for Relationship"
        )
    return self

check_rel_type(data) classmethod

Source code in optimade/models/entries.py 
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@field_validator("data", mode="after")
@classmethod
def check_rel_type(
    cls, data: BaseRelationshipResource | list[BaseRelationshipResource]
) -> list[BaseRelationshipResource]:
    if not isinstance(data, list):
        # All relationships at this point are empty-to-many relationships in JSON:API:
        # https://jsonapi.org/format/1.0/#document-resource-object-linkage
        raise ValueError("`data` key in a relationship must always store a list.")

    if any(obj.type != cls._req_type for obj in data):
        raise ValueError("Object stored in relationship data has wrong type")

    return data

TypedRelationship

Bases: Relationship

Source code in optimade/models/entries.py 
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class TypedRelationship(Relationship):
    _req_type: ClassVar[str]

    @field_validator("data", mode="after")
    @classmethod
    def check_rel_type(
        cls, data: BaseRelationshipResource | list[BaseRelationshipResource]
    ) -> list[BaseRelationshipResource]:
        if not isinstance(data, list):
            # All relationships at this point are empty-to-many relationships in JSON:API:
            # https://jsonapi.org/format/1.0/#document-resource-object-linkage
            raise ValueError("`data` key in a relationship must always store a list.")

        if any(obj.type != cls._req_type for obj in data):
            raise ValueError("Object stored in relationship data has wrong type")

        return data

data: Annotated[BaseRelationshipResource | list[BaseRelationshipResource] | None, StrictField(description='Resource linkage', uniqueItems=True)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

meta: Annotated[Meta | None, StrictField(description='a meta object that contains non-standard meta-information about the relationship.')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

at_least_one_relationship_key_must_be_set()

Source code in optimade/models/jsonapi.py 
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@model_validator(mode="after")
def at_least_one_relationship_key_must_be_set(self) -> "Relationship":
    if self.links is None and self.data is None and self.meta is None:
        raise ValueError(
            "Either 'links', 'data', or 'meta' MUST be specified for Relationship"
        )
    return self

check_rel_type(data) classmethod

Source code in optimade/models/entries.py 
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@field_validator("data", mode="after")
@classmethod
def check_rel_type(
    cls, data: BaseRelationshipResource | list[BaseRelationshipResource]
) -> list[BaseRelationshipResource]:
    if not isinstance(data, list):
        # All relationships at this point are empty-to-many relationships in JSON:API:
        # https://jsonapi.org/format/1.0/#document-resource-object-linkage
        raise ValueError("`data` key in a relationship must always store a list.")

    if any(obj.type != cls._req_type for obj in data):
        raise ValueError("Object stored in relationship data has wrong type")

    return data

index_metadb

IndexInfoAttributes

Bases: BaseInfoAttributes

Attributes for Base URL Info endpoint for an Index Meta-Database

Source code in optimade/models/index_metadb.py 
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class IndexInfoAttributes(BaseInfoAttributes):
    """Attributes for Base URL Info endpoint for an Index Meta-Database"""

    is_index: Annotated[
        bool,
        StrictField(
            description="This must be `true` since this is an index meta-database (see section Index Meta-Database).",
        ),
    ] = True

api_version: Annotated[SemanticVersion, StrictField(description='Presently used full version of the OPTIMADE API.\nThe version number string MUST NOT be prefixed by, e.g., "v".\nExamples: `1.0.0`, `1.0.0-rc.2`.')] instance-attribute

available_api_versions: Annotated[list[AvailableApiVersion], StrictField(description='A list of dictionaries of available API versions at other base URLs')] instance-attribute

available_endpoints: Annotated[list[str], StrictField(description='List of available endpoints (i.e., the string to be appended to the versioned base URL).')] instance-attribute

entry_types_by_format: Annotated[dict[str, list[str]], StrictField(description='Available entry endpoints as a function of output formats.')] instance-attribute

formats: Annotated[list[str], StrictField(description='List of available output formats.')] = ['json'] class-attribute instance-attribute

is_index: Annotated[bool, StrictField(description='This must be `true` since this is an index meta-database (see section Index Meta-Database).')] = True class-attribute instance-attribute

formats_and_endpoints_must_be_valid()

Source code in optimade/models/baseinfo.py 
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@model_validator(mode="after")
def formats_and_endpoints_must_be_valid(self) -> "BaseInfoAttributes":
    for format_, endpoints in self.entry_types_by_format.items():
        if format_ not in self.formats:
            raise ValueError(f"'{format_}' must be listed in formats to be valid")
        for endpoint in endpoints:
            if endpoint not in self.available_endpoints:
                raise ValueError(
                    f"'{endpoint}' must be listed in available_endpoints to be valid"
                )
    return self

IndexInfoResource

Bases: BaseInfoResource

Index Meta-Database Base URL Info endpoint resource

Source code in optimade/models/index_metadb.py 
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class IndexInfoResource(BaseInfoResource):
    """Index Meta-Database Base URL Info endpoint resource"""

    attributes: IndexInfoAttributes
    relationships: Annotated[  # type: ignore[assignment]
        dict[Literal["default"], IndexRelationship] | None,
        StrictField(
            title="Relationships",
            description="""Reference to the Links identifier object under the `links` endpoint that the provider has chosen as their 'default' OPTIMADE API database.
A client SHOULD present this database as the first choice when an end-user chooses this provider.""",
        ),
    ]

attributes: IndexInfoAttributes instance-attribute

id: Literal['/'] = '/' class-attribute instance-attribute

meta: Annotated[Meta | None, StrictField(description='a meta object containing non-standard meta-information about a resource that can not be represented as an attribute or relationship.')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

model_config = ConfigDict(json_schema_extra=resource_json_schema_extra) class-attribute instance-attribute

relationships: Annotated[dict[Literal['default'], IndexRelationship] | None, StrictField(title=Relationships, description="Reference to the Links identifier object under the `links` endpoint that the provider has chosen as their 'default' OPTIMADE API database.\nA client SHOULD present this database as the first choice when an end-user chooses this provider.")] instance-attribute

type: Literal['info'] = 'info' class-attribute instance-attribute

IndexRelationship

Bases: BaseModel

Index Meta-Database relationship

Source code in optimade/models/index_metadb.py 
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class IndexRelationship(BaseModel):
    """Index Meta-Database relationship"""

    data: Annotated[
        RelatedLinksResource | None,
        StrictField(
            description="""[JSON API resource linkage](http://jsonapi.org/format/1.0/#document-links).
It MUST be either `null` or contain a single Links identifier object with the fields `id` and `type`""",
        ),
    ]

data: Annotated[RelatedLinksResource | None, StrictField(description='[JSON API resource linkage](http://jsonapi.org/format/1.0/#document-links).\nIt MUST be either `null` or contain a single Links identifier object with the fields `id` and `type`')] instance-attribute

RelatedLinksResource

Bases: BaseResource

A related Links resource object

Source code in optimade/models/index_metadb.py 
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class RelatedLinksResource(BaseResource):
    """A related Links resource object"""

    type: Literal["links"] = "links"

id: Annotated[str, StrictField(description='Resource ID')] instance-attribute

model_config = ConfigDict(json_schema_extra=resource_json_schema_extra) class-attribute instance-attribute

type: Literal['links'] = 'links' class-attribute instance-attribute

jsonapi

This module should reproduce JSON API v1.0 https://jsonapi.org/format/1.0/

JsonLinkType = Union[AnyUrl, Link] module-attribute

Attributes

Bases: BaseModel

Members of the attributes object ("attributes") represent information about the resource object in which it's defined. The keys for Attributes MUST NOT be: relationships links id type

Source code in optimade/models/jsonapi.py 
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class Attributes(BaseModel):
    """
    Members of the attributes object ("attributes\") represent information about the resource object in which it's defined.
    The keys for Attributes MUST NOT be:
        relationships
        links
        id
        type
    """

    model_config = ConfigDict(extra="allow")

    @model_validator(mode="after")
    def check_illegal_attributes_fields(self) -> "Attributes":
        illegal_fields = ("relationships", "links", "id", "type")
        for field in illegal_fields:
            if hasattr(self, field):
                raise ValueError(
                    f"{illegal_fields} MUST NOT be fields under Attributes"
                )
        return self

model_config = ConfigDict(extra='allow') class-attribute instance-attribute

check_illegal_attributes_fields()

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@model_validator(mode="after")
def check_illegal_attributes_fields(self) -> "Attributes":
    illegal_fields = ("relationships", "links", "id", "type")
    for field in illegal_fields:
        if hasattr(self, field):
            raise ValueError(
                f"{illegal_fields} MUST NOT be fields under Attributes"
            )
    return self

BaseResource

Bases: BaseModel

Minimum requirements to represent a Resource

Source code in optimade/models/jsonapi.py 
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class BaseResource(BaseModel):
    """Minimum requirements to represent a Resource"""

    model_config = ConfigDict(json_schema_extra=resource_json_schema_extra)

    id: Annotated[str, StrictField(description="Resource ID")]
    type: Annotated[str, StrictField(description="Resource type")]

id: Annotated[str, StrictField(description='Resource ID')] instance-attribute

model_config = ConfigDict(json_schema_extra=resource_json_schema_extra) class-attribute instance-attribute

type: Annotated[str, StrictField(description='Resource type')] instance-attribute

Error

Bases: BaseModel

An error response

Source code in optimade/models/jsonapi.py 
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class Error(BaseModel):
    """An error response"""

    id: Annotated[
        str | None,
        StrictField(
            description="A unique identifier for this particular occurrence of the problem.",
        ),
    ] = None
    links: Annotated[
        ErrorLinks | None, StrictField(description="A links object storing about")
    ] = None
    status: Annotated[
        Annotated[str, BeforeValidator(str)] | None,
        StrictField(
            description="the HTTP status code applicable to this problem, expressed as a string value.",
        ),
    ] = None
    code: Annotated[
        str | None,
        StrictField(
            description="an application-specific error code, expressed as a string value.",
        ),
    ] = None
    title: Annotated[
        str | None,
        StrictField(
            description="A short, human-readable summary of the problem. "
            "It **SHOULD NOT** change from occurrence to occurrence of the problem, except for purposes of localization.",
        ),
    ] = None
    detail: Annotated[
        str | None,
        StrictField(
            description="A human-readable explanation specific to this occurrence of the problem.",
        ),
    ] = None
    source: Annotated[
        ErrorSource | None,
        StrictField(
            description="An object containing references to the source of the error"
        ),
    ] = None
    meta: Annotated[
        Meta | None,
        StrictField(
            description="a meta object containing non-standard meta-information about the error.",
        ),
    ] = None

    def __hash__(self):
        return hash(self.model_dump_json())

code: Annotated[str | None, StrictField(description='an application-specific error code, expressed as a string value.')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

detail: Annotated[str | None, StrictField(description='A human-readable explanation specific to this occurrence of the problem.')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

id: Annotated[str | None, StrictField(description='A unique identifier for this particular occurrence of the problem.')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

meta: Annotated[Meta | None, StrictField(description='a meta object containing non-standard meta-information about the error.')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

source: Annotated[ErrorSource | None, StrictField(description='An object containing references to the source of the error')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

status: Annotated[Annotated[str, BeforeValidator(str)] | None, StrictField(description='the HTTP status code applicable to this problem, expressed as a string value.')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

title: Annotated[str | None, StrictField(description='A short, human-readable summary of the problem. It **SHOULD NOT** change from occurrence to occurrence of the problem, except for purposes of localization.')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

__hash__()

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def __hash__(self):
    return hash(self.model_dump_json())

Bases: BaseModel

A Links object specific to Error objects

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class ErrorLinks(BaseModel):
    """A Links object specific to Error objects"""

    about: Annotated[
        JsonLinkType | None,
        StrictField(
            description="A link that leads to further details about this particular occurrence of the problem.",
        ),
    ] = None

about: Annotated[JsonLinkType | None, StrictField(description='A link that leads to further details about this particular occurrence of the problem.')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

ErrorSource

Bases: BaseModel

an object containing references to the source of the error

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class ErrorSource(BaseModel):
    """an object containing references to the source of the error"""

    pointer: Annotated[
        str | None,
        StrictField(
            description="a JSON Pointer [RFC6901] to the associated entity in the request document "
            '[e.g. "/data" for a primary data object, or "/data/attributes/title" for a specific attribute].',
        ),
    ] = None
    parameter: Annotated[
        str | None,
        StrictField(
            description="a string indicating which URI query parameter caused the error.",
        ),
    ] = None

parameter: Annotated[str | None, StrictField(description='a string indicating which URI query parameter caused the error.')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

pointer: Annotated[str | None, StrictField(description='a JSON Pointer [RFC6901] to the associated entity in the request document [e.g. "/data" for a primary data object, or "/data/attributes/title" for a specific attribute].')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

JsonApi

Bases: BaseModel

An object describing the server's implementation

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class JsonApi(BaseModel):
    """An object describing the server's implementation"""

    version: Annotated[str, StrictField(description="Version of the json API used")] = (
        "1.0"
    )
    meta: Annotated[
        Meta | None, StrictField(description="Non-standard meta information")
    ] = None

meta: Annotated[Meta | None, StrictField(description='Non-standard meta information')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

version: Annotated[str, StrictField(description='Version of the json API used')] = '1.0' class-attribute instance-attribute

Bases: BaseModel

A link MUST be represented as either: a string containing the link's URL or a link object.

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class Link(BaseModel):
    """A link **MUST** be represented as either: a string containing the link's URL or a link object."""

    href: Annotated[
        AnyUrl, StrictField(description="a string containing the link's URL.")
    ]
    meta: Annotated[
        Meta | None,
        StrictField(
            description="a meta object containing non-standard meta-information about the link.",
        ),
    ] = None

href: Annotated[AnyUrl, StrictField(description="a string containing the link's URL.")] instance-attribute

meta: Annotated[Meta | None, StrictField(description='a meta object containing non-standard meta-information about the link.')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

Meta

Bases: BaseModel

Non-standard meta-information that can not be represented as an attribute or relationship.

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class Meta(BaseModel):
    """Non-standard meta-information that can not be represented as an attribute or relationship."""

    model_config = ConfigDict(extra="allow")

model_config = ConfigDict(extra='allow') class-attribute instance-attribute

Relationship

Bases: BaseModel

Representation references from the resource object in which it's defined to other resource objects.

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class Relationship(BaseModel):
    """Representation references from the resource object in which it's defined to other resource objects."""

    links: Annotated[
        RelationshipLinks | None,
        StrictField(
            description="a links object containing at least one of the following: self, related",
        ),
    ] = None
    data: Annotated[
        BaseResource | list[BaseResource] | None,
        StrictField(description="Resource linkage"),
    ] = None
    meta: Annotated[
        Meta | None,
        StrictField(
            description="a meta object that contains non-standard meta-information about the relationship.",
        ),
    ] = None

    @model_validator(mode="after")
    def at_least_one_relationship_key_must_be_set(self) -> "Relationship":
        if self.links is None and self.data is None and self.meta is None:
            raise ValueError(
                "Either 'links', 'data', or 'meta' MUST be specified for Relationship"
            )
        return self

data: Annotated[BaseResource | list[BaseResource] | None, StrictField(description='Resource linkage')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

meta: Annotated[Meta | None, StrictField(description='a meta object that contains non-standard meta-information about the relationship.')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

at_least_one_relationship_key_must_be_set()

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@model_validator(mode="after")
def at_least_one_relationship_key_must_be_set(self) -> "Relationship":
    if self.links is None and self.data is None and self.meta is None:
        raise ValueError(
            "Either 'links', 'data', or 'meta' MUST be specified for Relationship"
        )
    return self

Bases: BaseModel

A resource object MAY contain references to other resource objects ("relationships"). Relationships may be to-one or to-many. Relationships can be specified by including a member in a resource's links object.

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class RelationshipLinks(BaseModel):
    """A resource object **MAY** contain references to other resource objects ("relationships").
    Relationships may be to-one or to-many.
    Relationships can be specified by including a member in a resource's links object.

    """

    self: Annotated[
        JsonLinkType | None,
        StrictField(
            description="""A link for the relationship itself (a 'relationship link').
This link allows the client to directly manipulate the relationship.
When fetched successfully, this link returns the [linkage](https://jsonapi.org/format/1.0/#document-resource-object-linkage) for the related resources as its primary data.
(See [Fetching Relationships](https://jsonapi.org/format/1.0/#fetching-relationships).)""",
        ),
    ] = None
    related: Annotated[
        JsonLinkType | None,
        StrictField(
            description="A [related resource link](https://jsonapi.org/format/1.0/#document-resource-object-related-resource-links).",
        ),
    ] = None

    @model_validator(mode="after")
    def either_self_or_related_must_be_specified(self) -> "RelationshipLinks":
        if self.self is None and self.related is None:
            raise ValueError(
                "Either 'self' or 'related' MUST be specified for RelationshipLinks"
            )
        return self

related: Annotated[JsonLinkType | None, StrictField(description='A [related resource link](https://jsonapi.org/format/1.0/#document-resource-object-related-resource-links).')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

self: Annotated[JsonLinkType | None, StrictField(description="A link for the relationship itself (a 'relationship link').\nThis link allows the client to directly manipulate the relationship.\nWhen fetched successfully, this link returns the [linkage](https://jsonapi.org/format/1.0/#document-resource-object-linkage) for the related resources as its primary data.\n(See [Fetching Relationships](https://jsonapi.org/format/1.0/#fetching-relationships).)")] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

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@model_validator(mode="after")
def either_self_or_related_must_be_specified(self) -> "RelationshipLinks":
    if self.self is None and self.related is None:
        raise ValueError(
            "Either 'self' or 'related' MUST be specified for RelationshipLinks"
        )
    return self

Relationships

Bases: BaseModel

Members of the relationships object ("relationships") represent references from the resource object in which it's defined to other resource objects. Keys MUST NOT be: type id

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class Relationships(BaseModel):
    """
    Members of the relationships object (\"relationships\") represent references from the resource object in which it's defined to other resource objects.
    Keys MUST NOT be:
        type
        id
    """

    @model_validator(mode="after")
    def check_illegal_relationships_fields(self) -> "Relationships":
        illegal_fields = ("id", "type")
        for field in illegal_fields:
            if hasattr(self, field):
                raise ValueError(
                    f"{illegal_fields} MUST NOT be fields under Relationships"
                )
        return self

check_illegal_relationships_fields()

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@model_validator(mode="after")
def check_illegal_relationships_fields(self) -> "Relationships":
    illegal_fields = ("id", "type")
    for field in illegal_fields:
        if hasattr(self, field):
            raise ValueError(
                f"{illegal_fields} MUST NOT be fields under Relationships"
            )
    return self

Resource

Bases: BaseResource

Resource objects appear in a JSON API document to represent resources.

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class Resource(BaseResource):
    """Resource objects appear in a JSON API document to represent resources."""

    links: Annotated[
        ResourceLinks | None,
        StrictField(
            description="a links object containing links related to the resource."
        ),
    ] = None
    meta: Annotated[
        Meta | None,
        StrictField(
            description="a meta object containing non-standard meta-information about a resource that can not be represented as an attribute or relationship.",
        ),
    ] = None
    attributes: Annotated[
        Attributes | None,
        StrictField(
            description="an attributes object representing some of the resource’s data.",
        ),
    ] = None
    relationships: Annotated[
        Relationships | None,
        StrictField(
            description="""[Relationships object](https://jsonapi.org/format/1.0/#document-resource-object-relationships)
describing relationships between the resource and other JSON API resources.""",
        ),
    ] = None

attributes: Annotated[Attributes | None, StrictField(description='an attributes object representing some of the resource’s data.')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

id: Annotated[str, StrictField(description='Resource ID')] instance-attribute

meta: Annotated[Meta | None, StrictField(description='a meta object containing non-standard meta-information about a resource that can not be represented as an attribute or relationship.')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

model_config = ConfigDict(json_schema_extra=resource_json_schema_extra) class-attribute instance-attribute

relationships: Annotated[Relationships | None, StrictField(description='[Relationships object](https://jsonapi.org/format/1.0/#document-resource-object-relationships)\ndescribing relationships between the resource and other JSON API resources.')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

type: Annotated[str, StrictField(description='Resource type')] instance-attribute

Bases: BaseModel

A Resource Links object

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class ResourceLinks(BaseModel):
    """A Resource Links object"""

    self: Annotated[
        JsonLinkType | None,
        StrictField(
            description="A link that identifies the resource represented by the resource object.",
        ),
    ] = None

self: Annotated[JsonLinkType | None, StrictField(description='A link that identifies the resource represented by the resource object.')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

Response

Bases: BaseModel

A top-level response.

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class Response(BaseModel):
    """A top-level response."""

    data: Annotated[
        None | Resource | list[Resource] | None,
        StrictField(description="Outputted Data", uniqueItems=True),
    ] = None
    meta: Annotated[
        Meta | None,
        StrictField(
            description="A meta object containing non-standard information related to the Success",
        ),
    ] = None
    errors: Annotated[
        list[Error] | None,
        StrictField(description="A list of unique errors", uniqueItems=True),
    ] = None
    included: Annotated[
        list[Resource] | None,
        StrictField(
            description="A list of unique included resources", uniqueItems=True
        ),
    ] = None
    links: Annotated[
        ToplevelLinks | None,
        StrictField(description="Links associated with the primary data or errors"),
    ] = None
    jsonapi: Annotated[
        JsonApi | None,
        StrictField(description="Information about the JSON API used"),
    ] = None

    @model_validator(mode="after")
    def either_data_meta_or_errors_must_be_set(self) -> "Response":
        required_fields = ("data", "meta", "errors")
        if not any(field in self.model_fields_set for field in required_fields):
            raise ValueError(
                f"At least one of {required_fields} MUST be specified in the top-level response"
            )
        if "errors" in self.model_fields_set and not self.errors:
            raise ValueError("Errors MUST NOT be an empty or 'null' value.")
        return self

    model_config = ConfigDict(
        json_encoders={
            datetime: lambda v: v.astimezone(timezone.utc).strftime(
                "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ"
            )
        }
    )
    """The specification mandates that datetimes must be encoded following
    [RFC3339](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3339), which does not support
    fractional seconds, thus they must be stripped in the response. This can
    cause issues when the underlying database contains fields that do include
    microseconds, as filters may return unexpected results.
    """

data: Annotated[None | Resource | list[Resource] | None, StrictField(description='Outputted Data', uniqueItems=True)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

errors: Annotated[list[Error] | None, StrictField(description='A list of unique errors', uniqueItems=True)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

included: Annotated[list[Resource] | None, StrictField(description='A list of unique included resources', uniqueItems=True)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

jsonapi: Annotated[JsonApi | None, StrictField(description='Information about the JSON API used')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

meta: Annotated[Meta | None, StrictField(description='A meta object containing non-standard information related to the Success')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

model_config = ConfigDict(json_encoders={datetime: lambda v: v.astimezone(timezone.utc).strftime('%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ')}) class-attribute instance-attribute

The specification mandates that datetimes must be encoded following RFC3339, which does not support fractional seconds, thus they must be stripped in the response. This can cause issues when the underlying database contains fields that do include microseconds, as filters may return unexpected results.

either_data_meta_or_errors_must_be_set()

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@model_validator(mode="after")
def either_data_meta_or_errors_must_be_set(self) -> "Response":
    required_fields = ("data", "meta", "errors")
    if not any(field in self.model_fields_set for field in required_fields):
        raise ValueError(
            f"At least one of {required_fields} MUST be specified in the top-level response"
        )
    if "errors" in self.model_fields_set and not self.errors:
        raise ValueError("Errors MUST NOT be an empty or 'null' value.")
    return self

Bases: BaseModel

A set of Links objects, possibly including pagination

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class ToplevelLinks(BaseModel):
    """A set of Links objects, possibly including pagination"""

    model_config = ConfigDict(extra="allow")

    self: Annotated[
        JsonLinkType | None, StrictField(description="A link to itself")
    ] = None
    related: Annotated[
        JsonLinkType | None, StrictField(description="A related resource link")
    ] = None

    # Pagination
    first: Annotated[
        JsonLinkType | None, StrictField(description="The first page of data")
    ] = None
    last: Annotated[
        JsonLinkType | None, StrictField(description="The last page of data")
    ] = None
    prev: Annotated[
        JsonLinkType | None, StrictField(description="The previous page of data")
    ] = None
    next: Annotated[
        JsonLinkType | None, StrictField(description="The next page of data")
    ] = None

    @model_validator(mode="after")
    def check_additional_keys_are_links(self) -> "ToplevelLinks":
        """The `ToplevelLinks` class allows any additional keys, as long as
        they are also Links or Urls themselves.

        """
        for field, value in self:
            if field not in self.model_fields:
                setattr(
                    self,
                    field,
                    TypeAdapter(Optional[JsonLinkType]).validate_python(value),
                )

        return self

first: Annotated[JsonLinkType | None, StrictField(description='The first page of data')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

last: Annotated[JsonLinkType | None, StrictField(description='The last page of data')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

model_config = ConfigDict(extra='allow') class-attribute instance-attribute

next: Annotated[JsonLinkType | None, StrictField(description='The next page of data')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

prev: Annotated[JsonLinkType | None, StrictField(description='The previous page of data')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

related: Annotated[JsonLinkType | None, StrictField(description='A related resource link')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

self: Annotated[JsonLinkType | None, StrictField(description='A link to itself')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

The ToplevelLinks class allows any additional keys, as long as they are also Links or Urls themselves.

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@model_validator(mode="after")
def check_additional_keys_are_links(self) -> "ToplevelLinks":
    """The `ToplevelLinks` class allows any additional keys, as long as
    they are also Links or Urls themselves.

    """
    for field, value in self:
        if field not in self.model_fields:
            setattr(
                self,
                field,
                TypeAdapter(Optional[JsonLinkType]).validate_python(value),
            )

    return self

resource_json_schema_extra(schema, model)

Ensure id and type are the first two entries in the list required properties.

Note

This requires that id and type are the first model fields defined for all sub-models of BaseResource.

Source code in optimade/models/jsonapi.py 
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def resource_json_schema_extra(
    schema: dict[str, Any], model: type["BaseResource"]
) -> None:
    """Ensure `id` and `type` are the first two entries in the list required properties.

    Note:
        This _requires_ that `id` and `type` are the _first_ model fields defined
        for all sub-models of `BaseResource`.

    """
    if "id" not in schema.get("required", []):
        schema["required"] = ["id"] + schema.get("required", [])
    if "type" not in schema.get("required", []):
        required = []
        for field in schema.get("required", []):
            required.append(field)
            if field == "id":
                # To make sure the property order match the listed properties,
                # this ensures "type" is added immediately after "id".
                required.append("type")
        schema["required"] = required

Aggregate

Bases: Enum

Enumeration of aggregate values

Source code in optimade/models/links.py 
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class Aggregate(Enum):
    """Enumeration of aggregate values"""

    OK = "ok"
    TEST = "test"
    STAGING = "staging"
    NO = "no"

NO = 'no' class-attribute instance-attribute

OK = 'ok' class-attribute instance-attribute

STAGING = 'staging' class-attribute instance-attribute

TEST = 'test' class-attribute instance-attribute

LinkType

Bases: Enum

Enumeration of link_type values

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class LinkType(Enum):
    """Enumeration of link_type values"""

    CHILD = "child"
    ROOT = "root"
    EXTERNAL = "external"
    PROVIDERS = "providers"

CHILD = 'child' class-attribute instance-attribute

EXTERNAL = 'external' class-attribute instance-attribute

PROVIDERS = 'providers' class-attribute instance-attribute

ROOT = 'root' class-attribute instance-attribute

LinksResource

Bases: EntryResource

A Links endpoint resource object

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class LinksResource(EntryResource):
    """A Links endpoint resource object"""

    type: Annotated[
        Literal["links"],
        StrictField(
            description="These objects are described in detail in the section Links Endpoint",
            pattern="^links$",
        ),
    ] = "links"

    attributes: Annotated[
        LinksResourceAttributes,
        StrictField(
            description="A dictionary containing key-value pairs representing the Links resource's properties.",
        ),
    ]

    @model_validator(mode="after")
    def relationships_must_not_be_present(self) -> "LinksResource":
        if self.relationships or "relationships" in self.model_fields_set:
            raise ValueError('"relationships" is not allowed for links resources')
        return self

attributes: Annotated[LinksResourceAttributes, StrictField(description="A dictionary containing key-value pairs representing the Links resource's properties.")] instance-attribute

id: Annotated[str, OptimadeField(description='An entry\'s ID as defined in section Definition of Terms.\n\n- **Type**: string.\n\n- **Requirements/Conventions**:\n - **Support**: MUST be supported by all implementations, MUST NOT be `null`.\n - **Query**: MUST be a queryable property with support for all mandatory filter features.\n - **Response**: REQUIRED in the response.\n\n- **Examples**:\n - `"db/1234567"`\n - `"cod/2000000"`\n - `"cod/2000000@1234567"`\n - `"nomad/L1234567890"`\n - `"42"`', support=SupportLevel.MUST, queryable=SupportLevel.MUST)] instance-attribute

meta: Annotated[Meta | None, StrictField(description='a meta object containing non-standard meta-information about a resource that can not be represented as an attribute or relationship.')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

model_config = ConfigDict(json_schema_extra=resource_json_schema_extra) class-attribute instance-attribute

relationships: Annotated[EntryRelationships | None, StrictField(description='A dictionary containing references to other entries according to the description in section Relationships encoded as [JSON API Relationships](https://jsonapi.org/format/1.0/#document-resource-object-relationships).\nThe OPTIONAL human-readable description of the relationship MAY be provided in the `description` field inside the `meta` dictionary of the JSON API resource identifier object.')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

type: Annotated[Literal['links'], StrictField(description='These objects are described in detail in the section Links Endpoint', pattern='^links$')] = 'links' class-attribute instance-attribute

relationships_must_not_be_present()

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@model_validator(mode="after")
def relationships_must_not_be_present(self) -> "LinksResource":
    if self.relationships or "relationships" in self.model_fields_set:
        raise ValueError('"relationships" is not allowed for links resources')
    return self

LinksResourceAttributes

Bases: Attributes

Links endpoint resource object attributes

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class LinksResourceAttributes(Attributes):
    """Links endpoint resource object attributes"""

    name: Annotated[
        str,
        StrictField(
            description="Human-readable name for the OPTIMADE API implementation, e.g., for use in clients to show the name to the end-user.",
        ),
    ]
    description: Annotated[
        str,
        StrictField(
            description="Human-readable description for the OPTIMADE API implementation, e.g., for use in clients to show a description to the end-user.",
        ),
    ]
    base_url: Annotated[
        JsonLinkType | None,
        StrictField(
            description="JSON API links object, pointing to the base URL for this implementation",
        ),
    ]

    homepage: Annotated[
        JsonLinkType | None,
        StrictField(
            description="JSON API links object, pointing to a homepage URL for this implementation",
        ),
    ]

    link_type: Annotated[
        LinkType,
        StrictField(
            title="Link Type",
            description="""The type of the linked relation.
MUST be one of these values: 'child', 'root', 'external', 'providers'.""",
        ),
    ]

    aggregate: Annotated[
        Aggregate | None,
        StrictField(
            title="Aggregate",
            description="""A string indicating whether a client that is following links to aggregate results from different OPTIMADE implementations should follow this link or not.
This flag SHOULD NOT be indicated for links where `link_type` is not `child`.

If not specified, clients MAY assume that the value is `ok`.
If specified, and the value is anything different than `ok`, the client MUST assume that the server is suggesting not to follow the link during aggregation by default (also if the value is not among the known ones, in case a future specification adds new accepted values).

Specific values indicate the reason why the server is providing the suggestion.
A client MAY follow the link anyway if it has reason to do so (e.g., if the client is looking for all test databases, it MAY follow the links marked with `aggregate`=`test`).

If specified, it MUST be one of the values listed in section Link Aggregate Options.""",
        ),
    ] = Aggregate.OK

    no_aggregate_reason: Annotated[
        str | None,
        StrictField(
            description="""An OPTIONAL human-readable string indicating the reason for suggesting not to aggregate results following the link.
It SHOULD NOT be present if `aggregate`=`ok`.""",
        ),
    ] = None

aggregate: Annotated[Aggregate | None, StrictField(title=Aggregate, description='A string indicating whether a client that is following links to aggregate results from different OPTIMADE implementations should follow this link or not.\nThis flag SHOULD NOT be indicated for links where `link_type` is not `child`.\n\nIf not specified, clients MAY assume that the value is `ok`.\nIf specified, and the value is anything different than `ok`, the client MUST assume that the server is suggesting not to follow the link during aggregation by default (also if the value is not among the known ones, in case a future specification adds new accepted values).\n\nSpecific values indicate the reason why the server is providing the suggestion.\nA client MAY follow the link anyway if it has reason to do so (e.g., if the client is looking for all test databases, it MAY follow the links marked with `aggregate`=`test`).\n\nIf specified, it MUST be one of the values listed in section Link Aggregate Options.')] = Aggregate.OK class-attribute instance-attribute

base_url: Annotated[JsonLinkType | None, StrictField(description='JSON API links object, pointing to the base URL for this implementation')] instance-attribute

description: Annotated[str, StrictField(description='Human-readable description for the OPTIMADE API implementation, e.g., for use in clients to show a description to the end-user.')] instance-attribute

homepage: Annotated[JsonLinkType | None, StrictField(description='JSON API links object, pointing to a homepage URL for this implementation')] instance-attribute

model_config = ConfigDict(extra='allow') class-attribute instance-attribute

name: Annotated[str, StrictField(description='Human-readable name for the OPTIMADE API implementation, e.g., for use in clients to show the name to the end-user.')] instance-attribute

no_aggregate_reason: Annotated[str | None, StrictField(description='An OPTIONAL human-readable string indicating the reason for suggesting not to aggregate results following the link.\nIt SHOULD NOT be present if `aggregate`=`ok`.')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

check_illegal_attributes_fields()

Source code in optimade/models/jsonapi.py 
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@model_validator(mode="after")
def check_illegal_attributes_fields(self) -> "Attributes":
    illegal_fields = ("relationships", "links", "id", "type")
    for field in illegal_fields:
        if hasattr(self, field):
            raise ValueError(
                f"{illegal_fields} MUST NOT be fields under Attributes"
            )
    return self

optimade_json

Modified JSON API v1.0 for OPTIMADE API

ValidIdentifier = Annotated[str, Field(pattern=IDENTIFIER_REGEX)] module-attribute

A type that constrains strings to valid OPTIMADE identifiers (e.g., property names, ID strings).

BaseRelationshipMeta

Bases: Meta

Specific meta field for base relationship resource

Source code in optimade/models/optimade_json.py 
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class BaseRelationshipMeta(jsonapi.Meta):
    """Specific meta field for base relationship resource"""

    description: Annotated[
        str,
        StrictField(
            description="OPTIONAL human-readable description of the relationship."
        ),
    ]

description: Annotated[str, StrictField(description='OPTIONAL human-readable description of the relationship.')] instance-attribute

model_config = ConfigDict(extra='allow') class-attribute instance-attribute

BaseRelationshipResource

Bases: BaseResource

Minimum requirements to represent a relationship resource

Source code in optimade/models/optimade_json.py 
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class BaseRelationshipResource(jsonapi.BaseResource):
    """Minimum requirements to represent a relationship resource"""

    meta: Annotated[
        BaseRelationshipMeta | None,
        StrictField(
            description="Relationship meta field. MUST contain 'description' if supplied.",
        ),
    ] = None

id: Annotated[str, StrictField(description='Resource ID')] instance-attribute

meta: Annotated[BaseRelationshipMeta | None, StrictField(description="Relationship meta field. MUST contain 'description' if supplied.")] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

model_config = ConfigDict(json_schema_extra=resource_json_schema_extra) class-attribute instance-attribute

type: Annotated[str, StrictField(description='Resource type')] instance-attribute

DataType

Bases: Enum

Optimade Data types

See the section "Data types" in the OPTIMADE API specification for more information.

Source code in optimade/models/optimade_json.py 
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class DataType(Enum):
    """Optimade Data types

    See the section "Data types" in the OPTIMADE API specification for more information.
    """

    STRING = "string"
    INTEGER = "integer"
    FLOAT = "float"
    BOOLEAN = "boolean"
    TIMESTAMP = "timestamp"
    LIST = "list"
    DICTIONARY = "dictionary"
    UNKNOWN = "unknown"

    @classmethod
    def get_values(cls) -> list[str]:
        """Get OPTIMADE data types (enum values) as a (sorted) list"""
        return sorted(_.value for _ in cls)

    @classmethod
    def from_python_type(cls, python_type: type | str | object) -> Optional["DataType"]:
        """Get OPTIMADE data type from a Python type"""
        mapping = {
            "bool": cls.BOOLEAN,
            "int": cls.INTEGER,
            "float": cls.FLOAT,
            "complex": None,
            "generator": cls.LIST,
            "list": cls.LIST,
            "tuple": cls.LIST,
            "range": cls.LIST,
            "hash": cls.INTEGER,
            "str": cls.STRING,
            "bytes": cls.STRING,
            "bytearray": None,
            "memoryview": None,
            "set": cls.LIST,
            "frozenset": cls.LIST,
            "dict": cls.DICTIONARY,
            "dict_keys": cls.LIST,
            "dict_values": cls.LIST,
            "dict_items": cls.LIST,
            "Nonetype": cls.UNKNOWN,
            "None": cls.UNKNOWN,
            "datetime": cls.TIMESTAMP,
            "date": cls.TIMESTAMP,
            "time": cls.TIMESTAMP,
            "datetime.datetime": cls.TIMESTAMP,
            "datetime.date": cls.TIMESTAMP,
            "datetime.time": cls.TIMESTAMP,
        }

        if isinstance(python_type, type):
            python_type = python_type.__name__
        elif isinstance(python_type, object):
            if str(python_type) in mapping:
                python_type = str(python_type)
            else:
                python_type = type(python_type).__name__

        return mapping.get(python_type, None)

    @classmethod
    def from_json_type(cls, json_type: str) -> Optional["DataType"]:
        """Get OPTIMADE data type from a named JSON type"""
        mapping = {
            "string": cls.STRING,
            "integer": cls.INTEGER,
            "number": cls.FLOAT,  # actually includes both integer and float
            "object": cls.DICTIONARY,
            "array": cls.LIST,
            "boolean": cls.BOOLEAN,
            "null": cls.UNKNOWN,
            # OpenAPI "format"s:
            "double": cls.FLOAT,
            "float": cls.FLOAT,
            "int32": cls.INTEGER,
            "int64": cls.INTEGER,
            "date": cls.TIMESTAMP,
            "date-time": cls.TIMESTAMP,
            "password": cls.STRING,
            "byte": cls.STRING,
            "binary": cls.STRING,
            # Non-OpenAPI "format"s, but may still be used by pydantic/FastAPI
            "email": cls.STRING,
            "uuid": cls.STRING,
            "uri": cls.STRING,
            "hostname": cls.STRING,
            "ipv4": cls.STRING,
            "ipv6": cls.STRING,
        }

        return mapping.get(json_type, None)

BOOLEAN = 'boolean' class-attribute instance-attribute

DICTIONARY = 'dictionary' class-attribute instance-attribute

FLOAT = 'float' class-attribute instance-attribute

INTEGER = 'integer' class-attribute instance-attribute

LIST = 'list' class-attribute instance-attribute

STRING = 'string' class-attribute instance-attribute

TIMESTAMP = 'timestamp' class-attribute instance-attribute

UNKNOWN = 'unknown' class-attribute instance-attribute

from_json_type(json_type) classmethod

Get OPTIMADE data type from a named JSON type

Source code in optimade/models/optimade_json.py 
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@classmethod
def from_json_type(cls, json_type: str) -> Optional["DataType"]:
    """Get OPTIMADE data type from a named JSON type"""
    mapping = {
        "string": cls.STRING,
        "integer": cls.INTEGER,
        "number": cls.FLOAT,  # actually includes both integer and float
        "object": cls.DICTIONARY,
        "array": cls.LIST,
        "boolean": cls.BOOLEAN,
        "null": cls.UNKNOWN,
        # OpenAPI "format"s:
        "double": cls.FLOAT,
        "float": cls.FLOAT,
        "int32": cls.INTEGER,
        "int64": cls.INTEGER,
        "date": cls.TIMESTAMP,
        "date-time": cls.TIMESTAMP,
        "password": cls.STRING,
        "byte": cls.STRING,
        "binary": cls.STRING,
        # Non-OpenAPI "format"s, but may still be used by pydantic/FastAPI
        "email": cls.STRING,
        "uuid": cls.STRING,
        "uri": cls.STRING,
        "hostname": cls.STRING,
        "ipv4": cls.STRING,
        "ipv6": cls.STRING,
    }

    return mapping.get(json_type, None)

from_python_type(python_type) classmethod

Get OPTIMADE data type from a Python type

Source code in optimade/models/optimade_json.py 
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@classmethod
def from_python_type(cls, python_type: type | str | object) -> Optional["DataType"]:
    """Get OPTIMADE data type from a Python type"""
    mapping = {
        "bool": cls.BOOLEAN,
        "int": cls.INTEGER,
        "float": cls.FLOAT,
        "complex": None,
        "generator": cls.LIST,
        "list": cls.LIST,
        "tuple": cls.LIST,
        "range": cls.LIST,
        "hash": cls.INTEGER,
        "str": cls.STRING,
        "bytes": cls.STRING,
        "bytearray": None,
        "memoryview": None,
        "set": cls.LIST,
        "frozenset": cls.LIST,
        "dict": cls.DICTIONARY,
        "dict_keys": cls.LIST,
        "dict_values": cls.LIST,
        "dict_items": cls.LIST,
        "Nonetype": cls.UNKNOWN,
        "None": cls.UNKNOWN,
        "datetime": cls.TIMESTAMP,
        "date": cls.TIMESTAMP,
        "time": cls.TIMESTAMP,
        "datetime.datetime": cls.TIMESTAMP,
        "datetime.date": cls.TIMESTAMP,
        "datetime.time": cls.TIMESTAMP,
    }

    if isinstance(python_type, type):
        python_type = python_type.__name__
    elif isinstance(python_type, object):
        if str(python_type) in mapping:
            python_type = str(python_type)
        else:
            python_type = type(python_type).__name__

    return mapping.get(python_type, None)

get_values() classmethod

Get OPTIMADE data types (enum values) as a (sorted) list

Source code in optimade/models/optimade_json.py 
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@classmethod
def get_values(cls) -> list[str]:
    """Get OPTIMADE data types (enum values) as a (sorted) list"""
    return sorted(_.value for _ in cls)

Implementation

Bases: BaseModel

Information on the server implementation

Source code in optimade/models/optimade_json.py 
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class Implementation(BaseModel):
    """Information on the server implementation"""

    name: Annotated[
        str | None, StrictField(description="name of the implementation")
    ] = None

    version: Annotated[
        str | None,
        StrictField(description="version string of the current implementation"),
    ] = None

    homepage: Annotated[
        jsonapi.JsonLinkType | None,
        StrictField(
            description="A [JSON API links object](http://jsonapi.org/format/1.0/#document-links) pointing to the homepage of the implementation.",
        ),
    ] = None

    source_url: Annotated[
        jsonapi.JsonLinkType | None,
        StrictField(
            description="A [JSON API links object](http://jsonapi.org/format/1.0/#document-links) pointing to the implementation source, either downloadable archive or version control system.",
        ),
    ] = None

    maintainer: Annotated[
        ImplementationMaintainer | None,
        StrictField(
            description="A dictionary providing details about the maintainer of the implementation.",
        ),
    ] = None

    issue_tracker: Annotated[
        jsonapi.JsonLinkType | None,
        StrictField(
            description="A [JSON API links object](http://jsonapi.org/format/1.0/#document-links) pointing to the implementation's issue tracker.",
        ),
    ] = None

homepage: Annotated[jsonapi.JsonLinkType | None, StrictField(description='A [JSON API links object](http://jsonapi.org/format/1.0/#document-links) pointing to the homepage of the implementation.')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

issue_tracker: Annotated[jsonapi.JsonLinkType | None, StrictField(description="A [JSON API links object](http://jsonapi.org/format/1.0/#document-links) pointing to the implementation's issue tracker.")] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

maintainer: Annotated[ImplementationMaintainer | None, StrictField(description='A dictionary providing details about the maintainer of the implementation.')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

name: Annotated[str | None, StrictField(description='name of the implementation')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

source_url: Annotated[jsonapi.JsonLinkType | None, StrictField(description='A [JSON API links object](http://jsonapi.org/format/1.0/#document-links) pointing to the implementation source, either downloadable archive or version control system.')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

version: Annotated[str | None, StrictField(description='version string of the current implementation')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

ImplementationMaintainer

Bases: BaseModel

Details about the maintainer of the implementation

Source code in optimade/models/optimade_json.py 
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class ImplementationMaintainer(BaseModel):
    """Details about the maintainer of the implementation"""

    email: Annotated[
        EmailStr, StrictField(description="the maintainer's email address")
    ]

email: Annotated[EmailStr, StrictField(description="the maintainer's email address")] instance-attribute

OptimadeError

Bases: Error

detail MUST be present

Source code in optimade/models/optimade_json.py 
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class OptimadeError(jsonapi.Error):
    """detail MUST be present"""

    detail: Annotated[
        str,
        StrictField(
            description="A human-readable explanation specific to this occurrence of the problem.",
        ),
    ]

code: Annotated[str | None, StrictField(description='an application-specific error code, expressed as a string value.')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

detail: Annotated[str, StrictField(description='A human-readable explanation specific to this occurrence of the problem.')] instance-attribute

id: Annotated[str | None, StrictField(description='A unique identifier for this particular occurrence of the problem.')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

meta: Annotated[Meta | None, StrictField(description='a meta object containing non-standard meta-information about the error.')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

source: Annotated[ErrorSource | None, StrictField(description='An object containing references to the source of the error')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

status: Annotated[Annotated[str, BeforeValidator(str)] | None, StrictField(description='the HTTP status code applicable to this problem, expressed as a string value.')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

title: Annotated[str | None, StrictField(description='A short, human-readable summary of the problem. It **SHOULD NOT** change from occurrence to occurrence of the problem, except for purposes of localization.')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

__hash__()

Source code in optimade/models/jsonapi.py 
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def __hash__(self):
    return hash(self.model_dump_json())

Provider

Bases: BaseModel

Information on the database provider of the implementation.

Source code in optimade/models/optimade_json.py 
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class Provider(BaseModel):
    """Information on the database provider of the implementation."""

    name: Annotated[
        str, StrictField(description="a short name for the database provider")
    ]

    description: Annotated[
        str, StrictField(description="a longer description of the database provider")
    ]

    prefix: Annotated[
        str,
        StrictField(
            pattern=r"^[a-z]([a-z]|[0-9]|_)*$",
            description="database-provider-specific prefix as found in section Database-Provider-Specific Namespace Prefixes.",
        ),
    ]

    homepage: Annotated[
        jsonapi.JsonLinkType | None,
        StrictField(
            description="a [JSON API links object](http://jsonapi.org/format/1.0#document-links) "
            "pointing to homepage of the database provider, either "
            "directly as a string, or as a link object.",
        ),
    ] = None

description: Annotated[str, StrictField(description='a longer description of the database provider')] instance-attribute

homepage: Annotated[jsonapi.JsonLinkType | None, StrictField(description='a [JSON API links object](http://jsonapi.org/format/1.0#document-links) pointing to homepage of the database provider, either directly as a string, or as a link object.')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

name: Annotated[str, StrictField(description='a short name for the database provider')] instance-attribute

prefix: Annotated[str, StrictField(pattern='^[a-z]([a-z]|[0-9]|_)*$', description='database-provider-specific prefix as found in section Database-Provider-Specific Namespace Prefixes.')] instance-attribute

Relationship

Bases: Relationship

Similar to normal JSON API relationship, but with addition of OPTIONAL meta field for a resource.

Source code in optimade/models/optimade_json.py 
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class Relationship(jsonapi.Relationship):
    """Similar to normal JSON API relationship, but with addition of OPTIONAL meta field for a resource."""

    data: Annotated[
        BaseRelationshipResource | list[BaseRelationshipResource] | None,
        StrictField(description="Resource linkage", uniqueItems=True),
    ] = None

data: Annotated[BaseRelationshipResource | list[BaseRelationshipResource] | None, StrictField(description='Resource linkage', uniqueItems=True)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

meta: Annotated[Meta | None, StrictField(description='a meta object that contains non-standard meta-information about the relationship.')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

at_least_one_relationship_key_must_be_set()

Source code in optimade/models/jsonapi.py 
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@model_validator(mode="after")
def at_least_one_relationship_key_must_be_set(self) -> "Relationship":
    if self.links is None and self.data is None and self.meta is None:
        raise ValueError(
            "Either 'links', 'data', or 'meta' MUST be specified for Relationship"
        )
    return self

ResponseMeta

Bases: Meta

A JSON API meta member that contains JSON API meta objects of non-standard meta-information.

OPTIONAL additional information global to the query that is not specified in this document, MUST start with a database-provider-specific prefix.

Source code in optimade/models/optimade_json.py 
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class ResponseMeta(jsonapi.Meta):
    """
    A [JSON API meta member](https://jsonapi.org/format/1.0#document-meta)
    that contains JSON API meta objects of non-standard
    meta-information.

    OPTIONAL additional information global to the query that is not
    specified in this document, MUST start with a
    database-provider-specific prefix.
    """

    query: Annotated[
        ResponseMetaQuery,
        StrictField(description="Information on the Query that was requested"),
    ]

    api_version: Annotated[
        SemanticVersion,
        StrictField(
            description="""Presently used full version of the OPTIMADE API.
The version number string MUST NOT be prefixed by, e.g., "v".
Examples: `1.0.0`, `1.0.0-rc.2`.""",
        ),
    ]

    more_data_available: Annotated[
        bool,
        StrictField(
            description="`false` if the response contains all data for the request (e.g., a request issued to a single entry endpoint, or a `filter` query at the last page of a paginated response) and `true` if the response is incomplete in the sense that multiple objects match the request, and not all of them have been included in the response (e.g., a query with multiple pages that is not at the last page).",
        ),
    ]

    # start of "SHOULD" fields for meta response
    optimade_schema: Annotated[
        jsonapi.JsonLinkType | None,
        StrictField(
            alias="schema",
            description="""A [JSON API links object](http://jsonapi.org/format/1.0/#document-links) that points to a schema for the response.
If it is a string, or a dictionary containing no `meta` field, the provided URL MUST point at an [OpenAPI](https://swagger.io/specification/) schema.
It is possible that future versions of this specification allows for alternative schema types.
Hence, if the `meta` field of the JSON API links object is provided and contains a field `schema_type` that is not equal to the string `OpenAPI` the client MUST not handle failures to parse the schema or to validate the response against the schema as errors.""",
        ),
    ] = None

    time_stamp: Annotated[
        datetime | None,
        StrictField(
            description="A timestamp containing the date and time at which the query was executed.",
        ),
    ] = None

    data_returned: Annotated[
        int | None,
        StrictField(
            description="An integer containing the total number of data resource objects returned for the current `filter` query, independent of pagination.",
            ge=0,
        ),
    ] = None

    provider: Annotated[
        Provider | None,
        StrictField(
            description="information on the database provider of the implementation."
        ),
    ] = None

    # start of "MAY" fields for meta response
    data_available: Annotated[
        int | None,
        StrictField(
            description="An integer containing the total number of data resource objects available in the database for the endpoint.",
        ),
    ] = None

    last_id: Annotated[
        str | None,
        StrictField(description="a string containing the last ID returned"),
    ] = None

    response_message: Annotated[
        str | None, StrictField(description="response string from the server")
    ] = None

    implementation: Annotated[
        Implementation | None,
        StrictField(description="a dictionary describing the server implementation"),
    ] = None

    warnings: Annotated[
        list[Warnings] | None,
        StrictField(
            description="""A list of warning resource objects representing non-critical errors or warnings.
A warning resource object is defined similarly to a [JSON API error object](http://jsonapi.org/format/1.0/#error-objects), but MUST also include the field `type`, which MUST have the value `"warning"`.
The field `detail` MUST be present and SHOULD contain a non-critical message, e.g., reporting unrecognized search attributes or deprecated features.
The field `status`, representing a HTTP response status code, MUST NOT be present for a warning resource object.
This is an exclusive field for error resource objects.""",
            uniqueItems=True,
        ),
    ] = None

api_version: Annotated[SemanticVersion, StrictField(description='Presently used full version of the OPTIMADE API.\nThe version number string MUST NOT be prefixed by, e.g., "v".\nExamples: `1.0.0`, `1.0.0-rc.2`.')] instance-attribute

data_available: Annotated[int | None, StrictField(description='An integer containing the total number of data resource objects available in the database for the endpoint.')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

data_returned: Annotated[int | None, StrictField(description='An integer containing the total number of data resource objects returned for the current `filter` query, independent of pagination.', ge=0)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

implementation: Annotated[Implementation | None, StrictField(description='a dictionary describing the server implementation')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

last_id: Annotated[str | None, StrictField(description='a string containing the last ID returned')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

model_config = ConfigDict(extra='allow') class-attribute instance-attribute

more_data_available: Annotated[bool, StrictField(description='`false` if the response contains all data for the request (e.g., a request issued to a single entry endpoint, or a `filter` query at the last page of a paginated response) and `true` if the response is incomplete in the sense that multiple objects match the request, and not all of them have been included in the response (e.g., a query with multiple pages that is not at the last page).')] instance-attribute

optimade_schema: Annotated[jsonapi.JsonLinkType | None, StrictField(alias=schema, description='A [JSON API links object](http://jsonapi.org/format/1.0/#document-links) that points to a schema for the response.\nIf it is a string, or a dictionary containing no `meta` field, the provided URL MUST point at an [OpenAPI](https://swagger.io/specification/) schema.\nIt is possible that future versions of this specification allows for alternative schema types.\nHence, if the `meta` field of the JSON API links object is provided and contains a field `schema_type` that is not equal to the string `OpenAPI` the client MUST not handle failures to parse the schema or to validate the response against the schema as errors.')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

provider: Annotated[Provider | None, StrictField(description='information on the database provider of the implementation.')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

query: Annotated[ResponseMetaQuery, StrictField(description='Information on the Query that was requested')] instance-attribute

response_message: Annotated[str | None, StrictField(description='response string from the server')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

time_stamp: Annotated[datetime | None, StrictField(description='A timestamp containing the date and time at which the query was executed.')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

warnings: Annotated[list[Warnings] | None, StrictField(description='A list of warning resource objects representing non-critical errors or warnings.\nA warning resource object is defined similarly to a [JSON API error object](http://jsonapi.org/format/1.0/#error-objects), but MUST also include the field `type`, which MUST have the value `"warning"`.\nThe field `detail` MUST be present and SHOULD contain a non-critical message, e.g., reporting unrecognized search attributes or deprecated features.\nThe field `status`, representing a HTTP response status code, MUST NOT be present for a warning resource object.\nThis is an exclusive field for error resource objects.', uniqueItems=True)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

ResponseMetaQuery

Bases: BaseModel

Information on the query that was requested.

Source code in optimade/models/optimade_json.py 
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class ResponseMetaQuery(BaseModel):
    """Information on the query that was requested."""

    representation: Annotated[
        str,
        StrictField(
            description="""A string with the part of the URL following the versioned or unversioned base URL that serves the API.
Query parameters that have not been used in processing the request MAY be omitted.
In particular, if no query parameters have been involved in processing the request, the query part of the URL MAY be excluded.
Example: `/structures?filter=nelements=2`""",
        ),
    ]

representation: Annotated[str, StrictField(description='A string with the part of the URL following the versioned or unversioned base URL that serves the API.\nQuery parameters that have not been used in processing the request MAY be omitted.\nIn particular, if no query parameters have been involved in processing the request, the query part of the URL MAY be excluded.\nExample: `/structures?filter=nelements=2`')] instance-attribute

Success

Bases: Response

errors are not allowed

Source code in optimade/models/optimade_json.py 
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class Success(jsonapi.Response):
    """errors are not allowed"""

    meta: Annotated[
        ResponseMeta,
        StrictField(description="A meta object containing non-standard information"),
    ]

    @model_validator(mode="after")
    def either_data_meta_or_errors_must_be_set(self) -> "Success":
        """Overwriting the existing validation function, since 'errors' MUST NOT be set."""
        required_fields = ("data", "meta")
        if not any(field in self.model_fields_set for field in required_fields):
            raise ValueError(
                f"At least one of {required_fields} MUST be specified in the top-level response."
            )

        # errors MUST be skipped
        if self.errors or "errors" in self.model_fields_set:
            raise ValueError("'errors' MUST be skipped for a successful response.")

        return self

data: Annotated[None | Resource | list[Resource] | None, StrictField(description='Outputted Data', uniqueItems=True)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

errors: Annotated[list[Error] | None, StrictField(description='A list of unique errors', uniqueItems=True)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

included: Annotated[list[Resource] | None, StrictField(description='A list of unique included resources', uniqueItems=True)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

jsonapi: Annotated[JsonApi | None, StrictField(description='Information about the JSON API used')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

meta: Annotated[ResponseMeta, StrictField(description='A meta object containing non-standard information')] instance-attribute

model_config = ConfigDict(json_encoders={datetime: lambda v: v.astimezone(timezone.utc).strftime('%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ')}) class-attribute instance-attribute

The specification mandates that datetimes must be encoded following RFC3339, which does not support fractional seconds, thus they must be stripped in the response. This can cause issues when the underlying database contains fields that do include microseconds, as filters may return unexpected results.

either_data_meta_or_errors_must_be_set()

Overwriting the existing validation function, since 'errors' MUST NOT be set.

Source code in optimade/models/optimade_json.py 
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@model_validator(mode="after")
def either_data_meta_or_errors_must_be_set(self) -> "Success":
    """Overwriting the existing validation function, since 'errors' MUST NOT be set."""
    required_fields = ("data", "meta")
    if not any(field in self.model_fields_set for field in required_fields):
        raise ValueError(
            f"At least one of {required_fields} MUST be specified in the top-level response."
        )

    # errors MUST be skipped
    if self.errors or "errors" in self.model_fields_set:
        raise ValueError("'errors' MUST be skipped for a successful response.")

    return self

Warnings

Bases: OptimadeError

OPTIMADE-specific warning class based on OPTIMADE-specific JSON API Error.

From the specification:

A warning resource object is defined similarly to a JSON API error object, but MUST also include the field type, which MUST have the value "warning". The field detail MUST be present and SHOULD contain a non-critical message, e.g., reporting unrecognized search attributes or deprecated features.

Note: Must be named "Warnings", since "Warning" is a built-in Python class.

Source code in optimade/models/optimade_json.py 
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class Warnings(OptimadeError):
    """OPTIMADE-specific warning class based on OPTIMADE-specific JSON API Error.

    From the specification:

    A warning resource object is defined similarly to a JSON API error object, but MUST also include the field type, which MUST have the value "warning".
    The field detail MUST be present and SHOULD contain a non-critical message, e.g., reporting unrecognized search attributes or deprecated features.

    Note: Must be named "Warnings", since "Warning" is a built-in Python class.

    """

    model_config = ConfigDict(json_schema_extra=warnings_json_schema_extra)

    type: Annotated[
        Literal["warning"],
        StrictField(
            description='Warnings must be of type "warning"',
            pattern="^warning$",
        ),
    ] = "warning"

    @model_validator(mode="after")
    def status_must_not_be_specified(self) -> "Warnings":
        if self.status or "status" in self.model_fields_set:
            raise ValueError("status MUST NOT be specified for warnings")
        return self

code: Annotated[str | None, StrictField(description='an application-specific error code, expressed as a string value.')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

detail: Annotated[str, StrictField(description='A human-readable explanation specific to this occurrence of the problem.')] instance-attribute

id: Annotated[str | None, StrictField(description='A unique identifier for this particular occurrence of the problem.')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

meta: Annotated[Meta | None, StrictField(description='a meta object containing non-standard meta-information about the error.')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

model_config = ConfigDict(json_schema_extra=warnings_json_schema_extra) class-attribute instance-attribute

source: Annotated[ErrorSource | None, StrictField(description='An object containing references to the source of the error')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

status: Annotated[Annotated[str, BeforeValidator(str)] | None, StrictField(description='the HTTP status code applicable to this problem, expressed as a string value.')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

title: Annotated[str | None, StrictField(description='A short, human-readable summary of the problem. It **SHOULD NOT** change from occurrence to occurrence of the problem, except for purposes of localization.')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

type: Annotated[Literal['warning'], StrictField(description='Warnings must be of type "warning"', pattern='^warning$')] = 'warning' class-attribute instance-attribute

__hash__()

Source code in optimade/models/jsonapi.py 
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def __hash__(self):
    return hash(self.model_dump_json())

status_must_not_be_specified()

Source code in optimade/models/optimade_json.py 
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@model_validator(mode="after")
def status_must_not_be_specified(self) -> "Warnings":
    if self.status or "status" in self.model_fields_set:
        raise ValueError("status MUST NOT be specified for warnings")
    return self

warnings_json_schema_extra(schema, model)

Update OpenAPI JSON schema model for Warning.

  • Ensure type is in the list required properties and in the correct place.
  • Remove status property. This property is not allowed for Warning, nor is it a part of the OPTIMADE definition of the Warning object.
Note

Since type is the last model field defined, it will simply be appended.

Source code in optimade/models/optimade_json.py 
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def warnings_json_schema_extra(schema: dict[str, Any], model: type["Warnings"]) -> None:
    """Update OpenAPI JSON schema model for `Warning`.

    * Ensure `type` is in the list required properties and in the correct place.
    * Remove `status` property.
        This property is not allowed for `Warning`, nor is it a part of the OPTIMADE
        definition of the `Warning` object.

    Note:
        Since `type` is the _last_ model field defined, it will simply be appended.

    """
    if "required" in schema:
        if "type" not in schema["required"]:
            schema["required"].append("type")
        else:
            schema["required"] = ["type"]
    schema.get("properties", {}).pop("status", None)

references

Person

Bases: BaseModel

A person, i.e., an author, editor or other.

Source code in optimade/models/references.py 
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class Person(BaseModel):
    """A person, i.e., an author, editor or other."""

    name: Annotated[
        str,
        OptimadeField(
            description="""Full name of the person, REQUIRED.""",
            support=SupportLevel.MUST,
            queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
        ),
    ]

    firstname: Annotated[
        str | None,
        OptimadeField(
            description="""First name of the person.""",
            support=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
            queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
        ),
    ] = None

    lastname: Annotated[
        str | None,
        OptimadeField(
            description="""Last name of the person.""",
            support=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
            queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
        ),
    ] = None

firstname: Annotated[str | None, OptimadeField(description='First name of the person.', support=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL, queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

lastname: Annotated[str | None, OptimadeField(description='Last name of the person.', support=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL, queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

name: Annotated[str, OptimadeField(description='Full name of the person, REQUIRED.', support=SupportLevel.MUST, queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL)] instance-attribute

ReferenceResource

Bases: EntryResource

The references entries describe bibliographic references.

The following properties are used to provide the bibliographic details:

  • address, annote, booktitle, chapter, crossref, edition, howpublished, institution, journal, key, month, note, number, organization, pages, publisher, school, series, title, volume, year: meanings of these properties match the BibTeX specification, values are strings;
  • bib_type: type of the reference, corresponding to type property in the BibTeX specification, value is string;
  • authors and editors: lists of person objects which are dictionaries with the following keys:
    • name: Full name of the person, REQUIRED.
    • firstname, lastname: Parts of the person's name, OPTIONAL.
  • doi and url: values are strings.
  • Requirements/Conventions:
    • Support: OPTIONAL support in implementations, i.e., any of the properties MAY be null.
    • Query: Support for queries on any of these properties is OPTIONAL. If supported, filters MAY support only a subset of comparison operators.
    • Every references entry MUST contain at least one of the properties.
Source code in optimade/models/references.py 
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class ReferenceResource(EntryResource):
    """The `references` entries describe bibliographic references.

    The following properties are used to provide the bibliographic details:

    - **address**, **annote**, **booktitle**, **chapter**, **crossref**, **edition**, **howpublished**, **institution**, **journal**, **key**, **month**, **note**, **number**, **organization**, **pages**, **publisher**, **school**, **series**, **title**, **volume**, **year**: meanings of these properties match the [BibTeX specification](http://bibtexml.sourceforge.net/btxdoc.pdf), values are strings;
    - **bib_type**: type of the reference, corresponding to **type** property in the BibTeX specification, value is string;
    - **authors** and **editors**: lists of *person objects* which are dictionaries with the following keys:
        - **name**: Full name of the person, REQUIRED.
        - **firstname**, **lastname**: Parts of the person's name, OPTIONAL.
    - **doi** and **url**: values are strings.
    - **Requirements/Conventions**:
        - **Support**: OPTIONAL support in implementations, i.e., any of the properties MAY be `null`.
        - **Query**: Support for queries on any of these properties is OPTIONAL.
            If supported, filters MAY support only a subset of comparison operators.
        - Every references entry MUST contain at least one of the properties.

    """

    type: Annotated[
        Literal["references"],
        OptimadeField(
            description="""The name of the type of an entry.
- **Type**: string.
- **Requirements/Conventions**:
    - **Support**: MUST be supported by all implementations, MUST NOT be `null`.
    - **Query**: MUST be a queryable property with support for all mandatory filter features.
    - **Response**: REQUIRED in the response.
    - MUST be an existing entry type.
    - The entry of type <type> and ID <id> MUST be returned in response to a request for `/<type>/<id>` under the versioned base URL.
- **Example**: `"structures"`""",
            pattern="^references$",
            support=SupportLevel.MUST,
            queryable=SupportLevel.MUST,
        ),
    ] = "references"
    attributes: ReferenceResourceAttributes

    @field_validator("attributes", mode="before")
    @classmethod
    def validate_attributes(cls, value: Any) -> dict[str, Any]:
        if not isinstance(value, dict):
            if isinstance(value, BaseModel):
                value = value.model_dump()
            else:
                raise TypeError("attributes field must be a mapping")
        if not any(prop[1] is not None for prop in value):
            raise ValueError("reference object must have at least one field defined")
        return value

attributes: ReferenceResourceAttributes instance-attribute

id: Annotated[str, OptimadeField(description='An entry\'s ID as defined in section Definition of Terms.\n\n- **Type**: string.\n\n- **Requirements/Conventions**:\n - **Support**: MUST be supported by all implementations, MUST NOT be `null`.\n - **Query**: MUST be a queryable property with support for all mandatory filter features.\n - **Response**: REQUIRED in the response.\n\n- **Examples**:\n - `"db/1234567"`\n - `"cod/2000000"`\n - `"cod/2000000@1234567"`\n - `"nomad/L1234567890"`\n - `"42"`', support=SupportLevel.MUST, queryable=SupportLevel.MUST)] instance-attribute

meta: Annotated[Meta | None, StrictField(description='a meta object containing non-standard meta-information about a resource that can not be represented as an attribute or relationship.')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

model_config = ConfigDict(json_schema_extra=resource_json_schema_extra) class-attribute instance-attribute

relationships: Annotated[EntryRelationships | None, StrictField(description='A dictionary containing references to other entries according to the description in section Relationships encoded as [JSON API Relationships](https://jsonapi.org/format/1.0/#document-resource-object-relationships).\nThe OPTIONAL human-readable description of the relationship MAY be provided in the `description` field inside the `meta` dictionary of the JSON API resource identifier object.')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

type: Annotated[Literal['references'], OptimadeField(description='The name of the type of an entry.\n- **Type**: string.\n- **Requirements/Conventions**:\n - **Support**: MUST be supported by all implementations, MUST NOT be `null`.\n - **Query**: MUST be a queryable property with support for all mandatory filter features.\n - **Response**: REQUIRED in the response.\n - MUST be an existing entry type.\n - The entry of type <type> and ID <id> MUST be returned in response to a request for `/<type>/<id>` under the versioned base URL.\n- **Example**: `"structures"`', pattern='^references$', support=SupportLevel.MUST, queryable=SupportLevel.MUST)] = 'references' class-attribute instance-attribute

validate_attributes(value) classmethod

Source code in optimade/models/references.py 
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@field_validator("attributes", mode="before")
@classmethod
def validate_attributes(cls, value: Any) -> dict[str, Any]:
    if not isinstance(value, dict):
        if isinstance(value, BaseModel):
            value = value.model_dump()
        else:
            raise TypeError("attributes field must be a mapping")
    if not any(prop[1] is not None for prop in value):
        raise ValueError("reference object must have at least one field defined")
    return value

ReferenceResourceAttributes

Bases: EntryResourceAttributes

Model that stores the attributes of a reference.

Many properties match the meaning described in the BibTeX specification.

Source code in optimade/models/references.py 
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class ReferenceResourceAttributes(EntryResourceAttributes):
    """Model that stores the attributes of a reference.

    Many properties match the meaning described in the
    [BibTeX specification](http://bibtexml.sourceforge.net/btxdoc.pdf).

    """

    authors: Annotated[
        list[Person] | None,
        OptimadeField(
            description="List of person objects containing the authors of the reference.",
            support=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
            queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
        ),
    ] = None

    editors: Annotated[
        list[Person] | None,
        OptimadeField(
            description="List of person objects containing the editors of the reference.",
            support=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
            queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
        ),
    ] = None

    doi: Annotated[
        str | None,
        OptimadeField(
            description="The digital object identifier of the reference.",
            support=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
            queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
        ),
    ] = None

    url: Annotated[
        AnyUrl | None,
        OptimadeField(
            description="The URL of the reference.",
            support=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
            queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
        ),
    ] = None

    address: Annotated[
        str | None,
        OptimadeField(
            description="Meaning of property matches the BiBTeX specification.",
            support=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
            queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
        ),
    ] = None

    annote: Annotated[
        str | None,
        OptimadeField(
            description="Meaning of property matches the BiBTeX specification.",
            support=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
            queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
        ),
    ] = None

    booktitle: Annotated[
        str | None,
        OptimadeField(
            description="Meaning of property matches the BiBTeX specification.",
            support=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
            queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
        ),
    ] = None

    chapter: Annotated[
        str | None,
        OptimadeField(
            description="Meaning of property matches the BiBTeX specification.",
            support=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
            queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
        ),
    ] = None

    crossref: Annotated[
        str | None,
        OptimadeField(
            description="Meaning of property matches the BiBTeX specification.",
            support=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
            queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
        ),
    ] = None

    edition: Annotated[
        str | None,
        OptimadeField(
            description="Meaning of property matches the BiBTeX specification.",
            support=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
            queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
        ),
    ] = None

    howpublished: Annotated[
        str | None,
        OptimadeField(
            description="Meaning of property matches the BiBTeX specification.",
            support=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
            queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
        ),
    ] = None

    institution: Annotated[
        str | None,
        OptimadeField(
            description="Meaning of property matches the BiBTeX specification.",
            support=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
            queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
        ),
    ] = None

    journal: Annotated[
        str | None,
        OptimadeField(
            description="Meaning of property matches the BiBTeX specification.",
            support=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
            queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
        ),
    ] = None

    key: Annotated[
        str | None,
        OptimadeField(
            description="Meaning of property matches the BiBTeX specification.",
            support=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
            queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
        ),
    ] = None

    month: Annotated[
        str | None,
        OptimadeField(
            description="Meaning of property matches the BiBTeX specification.",
            support=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
            queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
        ),
    ] = None

    note: Annotated[
        str | None,
        OptimadeField(
            description="Meaning of property matches the BiBTeX specification.",
            support=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
            queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
        ),
    ] = None

    number: Annotated[
        str | None,
        OptimadeField(
            description="Meaning of property matches the BiBTeX specification.",
            support=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
            queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
        ),
    ] = None

    organization: Annotated[
        str | None,
        OptimadeField(
            description="Meaning of property matches the BiBTeX specification.",
            support=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
            queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
        ),
    ] = None

    pages: Annotated[
        str | None,
        OptimadeField(
            description="Meaning of property matches the BiBTeX specification.",
            support=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
            queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
        ),
    ] = None

    publisher: Annotated[
        str | None,
        OptimadeField(
            description="Meaning of property matches the BiBTeX specification.",
            support=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
            queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
        ),
    ] = None

    school: Annotated[
        str | None,
        OptimadeField(
            description="Meaning of property matches the BiBTeX specification.",
            support=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
            queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
        ),
    ] = None

    series: Annotated[
        str | None,
        OptimadeField(
            description="Meaning of property matches the BiBTeX specification.",
            support=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
            queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
        ),
    ] = None

    title: Annotated[
        str | None,
        OptimadeField(
            description="Meaning of property matches the BiBTeX specification.",
            support=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
            queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
        ),
    ] = None

    bib_type: Annotated[
        str | None,
        OptimadeField(
            description="Type of the reference, corresponding to the **type** property in the BiBTeX specification.",
            support=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
            queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
        ),
    ] = None

    volume: Annotated[
        str | None,
        OptimadeField(
            description="Meaning of property matches the BiBTeX specification.",
            support=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
            queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
        ),
    ] = None

    year: Annotated[
        str | None,
        OptimadeField(
            description="Meaning of property matches the BiBTeX specification.",
            support=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
            queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
        ),
    ] = None

address: Annotated[str | None, OptimadeField(description='Meaning of property matches the BiBTeX specification.', support=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL, queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

annote: Annotated[str | None, OptimadeField(description='Meaning of property matches the BiBTeX specification.', support=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL, queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

authors: Annotated[list[Person] | None, OptimadeField(description='List of person objects containing the authors of the reference.', support=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL, queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

bib_type: Annotated[str | None, OptimadeField(description='Type of the reference, corresponding to the **type** property in the BiBTeX specification.', support=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL, queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

booktitle: Annotated[str | None, OptimadeField(description='Meaning of property matches the BiBTeX specification.', support=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL, queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

chapter: Annotated[str | None, OptimadeField(description='Meaning of property matches the BiBTeX specification.', support=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL, queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

crossref: Annotated[str | None, OptimadeField(description='Meaning of property matches the BiBTeX specification.', support=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL, queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

doi: Annotated[str | None, OptimadeField(description='The digital object identifier of the reference.', support=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL, queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

edition: Annotated[str | None, OptimadeField(description='Meaning of property matches the BiBTeX specification.', support=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL, queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

editors: Annotated[list[Person] | None, OptimadeField(description='List of person objects containing the editors of the reference.', support=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL, queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

howpublished: Annotated[str | None, OptimadeField(description='Meaning of property matches the BiBTeX specification.', support=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL, queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

immutable_id: Annotated[str | None, OptimadeField(description='The entry\'s immutable ID (e.g., an UUID). This is important for databases having preferred IDs that point to "the latest version" of a record, but still offer access to older variants. This ID maps to the version-specific record, in case it changes in the future.\n\n- **Type**: string.\n\n- **Requirements/Conventions**:\n - **Support**: OPTIONAL support in implementations, i.e., MAY be `null`.\n - **Query**: MUST be a queryable property with support for all mandatory filter features.\n\n- **Examples**:\n - `"8bd3e750-b477-41a0-9b11-3a799f21b44f"`\n - `"fjeiwoj,54;@=%<>#32"` (Strings that are not URL-safe are allowed.)', support=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL, queryable=SupportLevel.MUST)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

institution: Annotated[str | None, OptimadeField(description='Meaning of property matches the BiBTeX specification.', support=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL, queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

journal: Annotated[str | None, OptimadeField(description='Meaning of property matches the BiBTeX specification.', support=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL, queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

key: Annotated[str | None, OptimadeField(description='Meaning of property matches the BiBTeX specification.', support=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL, queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

last_modified: Annotated[datetime | None, OptimadeField(description='Date and time representing when the entry was last modified.\n\n- **Type**: timestamp.\n\n- **Requirements/Conventions**:\n - **Support**: SHOULD be supported by all implementations, i.e., SHOULD NOT be `null`.\n - **Query**: MUST be a queryable property with support for all mandatory filter features.\n - **Response**: REQUIRED in the response unless the query parameter `response_fields` is present and does not include this property.\n\n- **Example**:\n - As part of JSON response format: `"2007-04-05T14:30:20Z"` (i.e., encoded as an [RFC 3339 Internet Date/Time Format](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3339#section-5.6) string.)', support=SupportLevel.SHOULD, queryable=SupportLevel.MUST)] instance-attribute

model_config = ConfigDict(extra='allow') class-attribute instance-attribute

month: Annotated[str | None, OptimadeField(description='Meaning of property matches the BiBTeX specification.', support=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL, queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

note: Annotated[str | None, OptimadeField(description='Meaning of property matches the BiBTeX specification.', support=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL, queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

number: Annotated[str | None, OptimadeField(description='Meaning of property matches the BiBTeX specification.', support=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL, queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

organization: Annotated[str | None, OptimadeField(description='Meaning of property matches the BiBTeX specification.', support=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL, queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

pages: Annotated[str | None, OptimadeField(description='Meaning of property matches the BiBTeX specification.', support=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL, queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

publisher: Annotated[str | None, OptimadeField(description='Meaning of property matches the BiBTeX specification.', support=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL, queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

school: Annotated[str | None, OptimadeField(description='Meaning of property matches the BiBTeX specification.', support=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL, queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

series: Annotated[str | None, OptimadeField(description='Meaning of property matches the BiBTeX specification.', support=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL, queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

title: Annotated[str | None, OptimadeField(description='Meaning of property matches the BiBTeX specification.', support=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL, queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

url: Annotated[AnyUrl | None, OptimadeField(description='The URL of the reference.', support=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL, queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

volume: Annotated[str | None, OptimadeField(description='Meaning of property matches the BiBTeX specification.', support=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL, queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

year: Annotated[str | None, OptimadeField(description='Meaning of property matches the BiBTeX specification.', support=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL, queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

cast_immutable_id_to_str(value) classmethod

Convenience validator for casting immutable_id to a string.

Source code in optimade/models/entries.py 
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@field_validator("immutable_id", mode="before")
@classmethod
def cast_immutable_id_to_str(cls, value: Any) -> str:
    """Convenience validator for casting `immutable_id` to a string."""
    if value is not None and not isinstance(value, str):
        value = str(value)

    return value

check_illegal_attributes_fields()

Source code in optimade/models/jsonapi.py 
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@model_validator(mode="after")
def check_illegal_attributes_fields(self) -> "Attributes":
    illegal_fields = ("relationships", "links", "id", "type")
    for field in illegal_fields:
        if hasattr(self, field):
            raise ValueError(
                f"{illegal_fields} MUST NOT be fields under Attributes"
            )
    return self

responses

EntryInfoResponse

Bases: Success

Source code in optimade/models/responses.py 
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class EntryInfoResponse(Success):
    data: Annotated[
        EntryInfoResource,
        StrictField(description="OPTIMADE information for an entry endpoint."),
    ]

data: Annotated[EntryInfoResource, StrictField(description='OPTIMADE information for an entry endpoint.')] instance-attribute

errors: Annotated[list[Error] | None, StrictField(description='A list of unique errors', uniqueItems=True)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

included: Annotated[list[Resource] | None, StrictField(description='A list of unique included resources', uniqueItems=True)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

jsonapi: Annotated[JsonApi | None, StrictField(description='Information about the JSON API used')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

meta: Annotated[ResponseMeta, StrictField(description='A meta object containing non-standard information')] instance-attribute

model_config = ConfigDict(json_encoders={datetime: lambda v: v.astimezone(timezone.utc).strftime('%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ')}) class-attribute instance-attribute

The specification mandates that datetimes must be encoded following RFC3339, which does not support fractional seconds, thus they must be stripped in the response. This can cause issues when the underlying database contains fields that do include microseconds, as filters may return unexpected results.

either_data_meta_or_errors_must_be_set()

Overwriting the existing validation function, since 'errors' MUST NOT be set.

Source code in optimade/models/optimade_json.py 
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@model_validator(mode="after")
def either_data_meta_or_errors_must_be_set(self) -> "Success":
    """Overwriting the existing validation function, since 'errors' MUST NOT be set."""
    required_fields = ("data", "meta")
    if not any(field in self.model_fields_set for field in required_fields):
        raise ValueError(
            f"At least one of {required_fields} MUST be specified in the top-level response."
        )

    # errors MUST be skipped
    if self.errors or "errors" in self.model_fields_set:
        raise ValueError("'errors' MUST be skipped for a successful response.")

    return self

EntryResponseMany

Bases: Success

Source code in optimade/models/responses.py 
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class EntryResponseMany(Success):
    data: Annotated[  # type: ignore[assignment]
        list[EntryResource] | list[dict[str, Any]],
        StrictField(
            description="List of unique OPTIMADE entry resource objects.",
            uniqueItems=True,
            union_mode="left_to_right",
        ),
    ]
    included: Annotated[
        list[EntryResource] | list[dict[str, Any]] | None,
        StrictField(
            description="A list of unique included OPTIMADE entry resources.",
            uniqueItems=True,
            union_mode="left_to_right",
        ),
    ] = None  # type: ignore[assignment]

data: Annotated[list[EntryResource] | list[dict[str, Any]], StrictField(description='List of unique OPTIMADE entry resource objects.', uniqueItems=True, union_mode=left_to_right)] instance-attribute

errors: Annotated[list[Error] | None, StrictField(description='A list of unique errors', uniqueItems=True)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

included: Annotated[list[EntryResource] | list[dict[str, Any]] | None, StrictField(description='A list of unique included OPTIMADE entry resources.', uniqueItems=True, union_mode=left_to_right)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

jsonapi: Annotated[JsonApi | None, StrictField(description='Information about the JSON API used')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

meta: Annotated[ResponseMeta, StrictField(description='A meta object containing non-standard information')] instance-attribute

model_config = ConfigDict(json_encoders={datetime: lambda v: v.astimezone(timezone.utc).strftime('%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ')}) class-attribute instance-attribute

The specification mandates that datetimes must be encoded following RFC3339, which does not support fractional seconds, thus they must be stripped in the response. This can cause issues when the underlying database contains fields that do include microseconds, as filters may return unexpected results.

either_data_meta_or_errors_must_be_set()

Overwriting the existing validation function, since 'errors' MUST NOT be set.

Source code in optimade/models/optimade_json.py 
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@model_validator(mode="after")
def either_data_meta_or_errors_must_be_set(self) -> "Success":
    """Overwriting the existing validation function, since 'errors' MUST NOT be set."""
    required_fields = ("data", "meta")
    if not any(field in self.model_fields_set for field in required_fields):
        raise ValueError(
            f"At least one of {required_fields} MUST be specified in the top-level response."
        )

    # errors MUST be skipped
    if self.errors or "errors" in self.model_fields_set:
        raise ValueError("'errors' MUST be skipped for a successful response.")

    return self

EntryResponseOne

Bases: Success

Source code in optimade/models/responses.py 
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class EntryResponseOne(Success):
    data: Annotated[
        EntryResource | dict[str, Any] | None,
        StrictField(
            description="The single entry resource returned by this query.",
            union_mode="left_to_right",
        ),
    ] = None  # type: ignore[assignment]
    included: Annotated[
        list[EntryResource] | list[dict[str, Any]] | None,
        StrictField(
            description="A list of unique included OPTIMADE entry resources.",
            uniqueItems=True,
            union_mode="left_to_right",
        ),
    ] = None  # type: ignore[assignment]

data: Annotated[EntryResource | dict[str, Any] | None, StrictField(description='The single entry resource returned by this query.', union_mode=left_to_right)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

errors: Annotated[list[Error] | None, StrictField(description='A list of unique errors', uniqueItems=True)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

included: Annotated[list[EntryResource] | list[dict[str, Any]] | None, StrictField(description='A list of unique included OPTIMADE entry resources.', uniqueItems=True, union_mode=left_to_right)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

jsonapi: Annotated[JsonApi | None, StrictField(description='Information about the JSON API used')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

meta: Annotated[ResponseMeta, StrictField(description='A meta object containing non-standard information')] instance-attribute

model_config = ConfigDict(json_encoders={datetime: lambda v: v.astimezone(timezone.utc).strftime('%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ')}) class-attribute instance-attribute

The specification mandates that datetimes must be encoded following RFC3339, which does not support fractional seconds, thus they must be stripped in the response. This can cause issues when the underlying database contains fields that do include microseconds, as filters may return unexpected results.

either_data_meta_or_errors_must_be_set()

Overwriting the existing validation function, since 'errors' MUST NOT be set.

Source code in optimade/models/optimade_json.py 
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@model_validator(mode="after")
def either_data_meta_or_errors_must_be_set(self) -> "Success":
    """Overwriting the existing validation function, since 'errors' MUST NOT be set."""
    required_fields = ("data", "meta")
    if not any(field in self.model_fields_set for field in required_fields):
        raise ValueError(
            f"At least one of {required_fields} MUST be specified in the top-level response."
        )

    # errors MUST be skipped
    if self.errors or "errors" in self.model_fields_set:
        raise ValueError("'errors' MUST be skipped for a successful response.")

    return self

ErrorResponse

Bases: Response

errors MUST be present and data MUST be skipped

Source code in optimade/models/responses.py 
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class ErrorResponse(Response):
    """errors MUST be present and data MUST be skipped"""

    meta: Annotated[
        ResponseMeta,
        StrictField(description="A meta object containing non-standard information."),
    ]
    errors: Annotated[
        list[OptimadeError],
        StrictField(
            description="A list of OPTIMADE-specific JSON API error objects, where the field detail MUST be present.",
            uniqueItems=True,
        ),
    ]

    @model_validator(mode="after")
    def data_must_be_skipped(self) -> "ErrorResponse":
        if self.data or "data" in self.model_fields_set:
            raise ValueError("data MUST be skipped for failures reporting errors.")
        return self

data: Annotated[None | Resource | list[Resource] | None, StrictField(description='Outputted Data', uniqueItems=True)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

errors: Annotated[list[OptimadeError], StrictField(description='A list of OPTIMADE-specific JSON API error objects, where the field detail MUST be present.', uniqueItems=True)] instance-attribute

included: Annotated[list[Resource] | None, StrictField(description='A list of unique included resources', uniqueItems=True)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

jsonapi: Annotated[JsonApi | None, StrictField(description='Information about the JSON API used')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

meta: Annotated[ResponseMeta, StrictField(description='A meta object containing non-standard information.')] instance-attribute

model_config = ConfigDict(json_encoders={datetime: lambda v: v.astimezone(timezone.utc).strftime('%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ')}) class-attribute instance-attribute

The specification mandates that datetimes must be encoded following RFC3339, which does not support fractional seconds, thus they must be stripped in the response. This can cause issues when the underlying database contains fields that do include microseconds, as filters may return unexpected results.

data_must_be_skipped()

Source code in optimade/models/responses.py 
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@model_validator(mode="after")
def data_must_be_skipped(self) -> "ErrorResponse":
    if self.data or "data" in self.model_fields_set:
        raise ValueError("data MUST be skipped for failures reporting errors.")
    return self

either_data_meta_or_errors_must_be_set()

Source code in optimade/models/jsonapi.py 
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@model_validator(mode="after")
def either_data_meta_or_errors_must_be_set(self) -> "Response":
    required_fields = ("data", "meta", "errors")
    if not any(field in self.model_fields_set for field in required_fields):
        raise ValueError(
            f"At least one of {required_fields} MUST be specified in the top-level response"
        )
    if "errors" in self.model_fields_set and not self.errors:
        raise ValueError("Errors MUST NOT be an empty or 'null' value.")
    return self

IndexInfoResponse

Bases: Success

Source code in optimade/models/responses.py 
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class IndexInfoResponse(Success):
    data: Annotated[
        IndexInfoResource, StrictField(description="Index meta-database /info data.")
    ]

data: Annotated[IndexInfoResource, StrictField(description='Index meta-database /info data.')] instance-attribute

errors: Annotated[list[Error] | None, StrictField(description='A list of unique errors', uniqueItems=True)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

included: Annotated[list[Resource] | None, StrictField(description='A list of unique included resources', uniqueItems=True)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

jsonapi: Annotated[JsonApi | None, StrictField(description='Information about the JSON API used')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

meta: Annotated[ResponseMeta, StrictField(description='A meta object containing non-standard information')] instance-attribute

model_config = ConfigDict(json_encoders={datetime: lambda v: v.astimezone(timezone.utc).strftime('%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ')}) class-attribute instance-attribute

The specification mandates that datetimes must be encoded following RFC3339, which does not support fractional seconds, thus they must be stripped in the response. This can cause issues when the underlying database contains fields that do include microseconds, as filters may return unexpected results.

either_data_meta_or_errors_must_be_set()

Overwriting the existing validation function, since 'errors' MUST NOT be set.

Source code in optimade/models/optimade_json.py 
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@model_validator(mode="after")
def either_data_meta_or_errors_must_be_set(self) -> "Success":
    """Overwriting the existing validation function, since 'errors' MUST NOT be set."""
    required_fields = ("data", "meta")
    if not any(field in self.model_fields_set for field in required_fields):
        raise ValueError(
            f"At least one of {required_fields} MUST be specified in the top-level response."
        )

    # errors MUST be skipped
    if self.errors or "errors" in self.model_fields_set:
        raise ValueError("'errors' MUST be skipped for a successful response.")

    return self

InfoResponse

Bases: Success

Source code in optimade/models/responses.py 
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class InfoResponse(Success):
    data: Annotated[
        BaseInfoResource, StrictField(description="The implementations /info data.")
    ]

data: Annotated[BaseInfoResource, StrictField(description='The implementations /info data.')] instance-attribute

errors: Annotated[list[Error] | None, StrictField(description='A list of unique errors', uniqueItems=True)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

included: Annotated[list[Resource] | None, StrictField(description='A list of unique included resources', uniqueItems=True)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

jsonapi: Annotated[JsonApi | None, StrictField(description='Information about the JSON API used')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

meta: Annotated[ResponseMeta, StrictField(description='A meta object containing non-standard information')] instance-attribute

model_config = ConfigDict(json_encoders={datetime: lambda v: v.astimezone(timezone.utc).strftime('%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ')}) class-attribute instance-attribute

The specification mandates that datetimes must be encoded following RFC3339, which does not support fractional seconds, thus they must be stripped in the response. This can cause issues when the underlying database contains fields that do include microseconds, as filters may return unexpected results.

either_data_meta_or_errors_must_be_set()

Overwriting the existing validation function, since 'errors' MUST NOT be set.

Source code in optimade/models/optimade_json.py 
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@model_validator(mode="after")
def either_data_meta_or_errors_must_be_set(self) -> "Success":
    """Overwriting the existing validation function, since 'errors' MUST NOT be set."""
    required_fields = ("data", "meta")
    if not any(field in self.model_fields_set for field in required_fields):
        raise ValueError(
            f"At least one of {required_fields} MUST be specified in the top-level response."
        )

    # errors MUST be skipped
    if self.errors or "errors" in self.model_fields_set:
        raise ValueError("'errors' MUST be skipped for a successful response.")

    return self

LinksResponse

Bases: EntryResponseMany

Source code in optimade/models/responses.py 
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class LinksResponse(EntryResponseMany):
    data: Annotated[
        list[LinksResource] | list[dict[str, Any]],
        StrictField(
            description="List of unique OPTIMADE links resource objects.",
            uniqueItems=True,
            union_mode="left_to_right",
        ),
    ]

data: Annotated[list[LinksResource] | list[dict[str, Any]], StrictField(description='List of unique OPTIMADE links resource objects.', uniqueItems=True, union_mode=left_to_right)] instance-attribute

errors: Annotated[list[Error] | None, StrictField(description='A list of unique errors', uniqueItems=True)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

included: Annotated[list[EntryResource] | list[dict[str, Any]] | None, StrictField(description='A list of unique included OPTIMADE entry resources.', uniqueItems=True, union_mode=left_to_right)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

jsonapi: Annotated[JsonApi | None, StrictField(description='Information about the JSON API used')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

meta: Annotated[ResponseMeta, StrictField(description='A meta object containing non-standard information')] instance-attribute

model_config = ConfigDict(json_encoders={datetime: lambda v: v.astimezone(timezone.utc).strftime('%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ')}) class-attribute instance-attribute

The specification mandates that datetimes must be encoded following RFC3339, which does not support fractional seconds, thus they must be stripped in the response. This can cause issues when the underlying database contains fields that do include microseconds, as filters may return unexpected results.

either_data_meta_or_errors_must_be_set()

Overwriting the existing validation function, since 'errors' MUST NOT be set.

Source code in optimade/models/optimade_json.py 
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@model_validator(mode="after")
def either_data_meta_or_errors_must_be_set(self) -> "Success":
    """Overwriting the existing validation function, since 'errors' MUST NOT be set."""
    required_fields = ("data", "meta")
    if not any(field in self.model_fields_set for field in required_fields):
        raise ValueError(
            f"At least one of {required_fields} MUST be specified in the top-level response."
        )

    # errors MUST be skipped
    if self.errors or "errors" in self.model_fields_set:
        raise ValueError("'errors' MUST be skipped for a successful response.")

    return self

ReferenceResponseMany

Bases: EntryResponseMany

Source code in optimade/models/responses.py 
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class ReferenceResponseMany(EntryResponseMany):
    data: Annotated[
        list[ReferenceResource] | list[dict[str, Any]],
        StrictField(
            description="List of unique OPTIMADE references entry resource objects.",
            uniqueItems=True,
            union_mode="left_to_right",
        ),
    ]

data: Annotated[list[ReferenceResource] | list[dict[str, Any]], StrictField(description='List of unique OPTIMADE references entry resource objects.', uniqueItems=True, union_mode=left_to_right)] instance-attribute

errors: Annotated[list[Error] | None, StrictField(description='A list of unique errors', uniqueItems=True)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

included: Annotated[list[EntryResource] | list[dict[str, Any]] | None, StrictField(description='A list of unique included OPTIMADE entry resources.', uniqueItems=True, union_mode=left_to_right)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

jsonapi: Annotated[JsonApi | None, StrictField(description='Information about the JSON API used')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

meta: Annotated[ResponseMeta, StrictField(description='A meta object containing non-standard information')] instance-attribute

model_config = ConfigDict(json_encoders={datetime: lambda v: v.astimezone(timezone.utc).strftime('%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ')}) class-attribute instance-attribute

The specification mandates that datetimes must be encoded following RFC3339, which does not support fractional seconds, thus they must be stripped in the response. This can cause issues when the underlying database contains fields that do include microseconds, as filters may return unexpected results.

either_data_meta_or_errors_must_be_set()

Overwriting the existing validation function, since 'errors' MUST NOT be set.

Source code in optimade/models/optimade_json.py 
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@model_validator(mode="after")
def either_data_meta_or_errors_must_be_set(self) -> "Success":
    """Overwriting the existing validation function, since 'errors' MUST NOT be set."""
    required_fields = ("data", "meta")
    if not any(field in self.model_fields_set for field in required_fields):
        raise ValueError(
            f"At least one of {required_fields} MUST be specified in the top-level response."
        )

    # errors MUST be skipped
    if self.errors or "errors" in self.model_fields_set:
        raise ValueError("'errors' MUST be skipped for a successful response.")

    return self

ReferenceResponseOne

Bases: EntryResponseOne

Source code in optimade/models/responses.py 
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class ReferenceResponseOne(EntryResponseOne):
    data: Annotated[
        ReferenceResource | dict[str, Any] | None,
        StrictField(
            description="A single references entry resource.",
            union_mode="left_to_right",
        ),
    ]

data: Annotated[ReferenceResource | dict[str, Any] | None, StrictField(description='A single references entry resource.', union_mode=left_to_right)] instance-attribute

errors: Annotated[list[Error] | None, StrictField(description='A list of unique errors', uniqueItems=True)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

included: Annotated[list[EntryResource] | list[dict[str, Any]] | None, StrictField(description='A list of unique included OPTIMADE entry resources.', uniqueItems=True, union_mode=left_to_right)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

jsonapi: Annotated[JsonApi | None, StrictField(description='Information about the JSON API used')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

meta: Annotated[ResponseMeta, StrictField(description='A meta object containing non-standard information')] instance-attribute

model_config = ConfigDict(json_encoders={datetime: lambda v: v.astimezone(timezone.utc).strftime('%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ')}) class-attribute instance-attribute

The specification mandates that datetimes must be encoded following RFC3339, which does not support fractional seconds, thus they must be stripped in the response. This can cause issues when the underlying database contains fields that do include microseconds, as filters may return unexpected results.

either_data_meta_or_errors_must_be_set()

Overwriting the existing validation function, since 'errors' MUST NOT be set.

Source code in optimade/models/optimade_json.py 
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@model_validator(mode="after")
def either_data_meta_or_errors_must_be_set(self) -> "Success":
    """Overwriting the existing validation function, since 'errors' MUST NOT be set."""
    required_fields = ("data", "meta")
    if not any(field in self.model_fields_set for field in required_fields):
        raise ValueError(
            f"At least one of {required_fields} MUST be specified in the top-level response."
        )

    # errors MUST be skipped
    if self.errors or "errors" in self.model_fields_set:
        raise ValueError("'errors' MUST be skipped for a successful response.")

    return self

StructureResponseMany

Bases: EntryResponseMany

Source code in optimade/models/responses.py 
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class StructureResponseMany(EntryResponseMany):
    data: Annotated[
        list[StructureResource] | list[dict[str, Any]],
        StrictField(
            description="List of unique OPTIMADE structures entry resource objects.",
            uniqueItems=True,
            union_mode="left_to_right",
        ),
    ]

data: Annotated[list[StructureResource] | list[dict[str, Any]], StrictField(description='List of unique OPTIMADE structures entry resource objects.', uniqueItems=True, union_mode=left_to_right)] instance-attribute

errors: Annotated[list[Error] | None, StrictField(description='A list of unique errors', uniqueItems=True)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

included: Annotated[list[EntryResource] | list[dict[str, Any]] | None, StrictField(description='A list of unique included OPTIMADE entry resources.', uniqueItems=True, union_mode=left_to_right)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

jsonapi: Annotated[JsonApi | None, StrictField(description='Information about the JSON API used')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

meta: Annotated[ResponseMeta, StrictField(description='A meta object containing non-standard information')] instance-attribute

model_config = ConfigDict(json_encoders={datetime: lambda v: v.astimezone(timezone.utc).strftime('%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ')}) class-attribute instance-attribute

The specification mandates that datetimes must be encoded following RFC3339, which does not support fractional seconds, thus they must be stripped in the response. This can cause issues when the underlying database contains fields that do include microseconds, as filters may return unexpected results.

either_data_meta_or_errors_must_be_set()

Overwriting the existing validation function, since 'errors' MUST NOT be set.

Source code in optimade/models/optimade_json.py 
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@model_validator(mode="after")
def either_data_meta_or_errors_must_be_set(self) -> "Success":
    """Overwriting the existing validation function, since 'errors' MUST NOT be set."""
    required_fields = ("data", "meta")
    if not any(field in self.model_fields_set for field in required_fields):
        raise ValueError(
            f"At least one of {required_fields} MUST be specified in the top-level response."
        )

    # errors MUST be skipped
    if self.errors or "errors" in self.model_fields_set:
        raise ValueError("'errors' MUST be skipped for a successful response.")

    return self

StructureResponseOne

Bases: EntryResponseOne

Source code in optimade/models/responses.py 
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class StructureResponseOne(EntryResponseOne):
    data: Annotated[
        StructureResource | dict[str, Any] | None,
        StrictField(
            description="A single structures entry resource.",
            union_mode="left_to_right",
        ),
    ]

data: Annotated[StructureResource | dict[str, Any] | None, StrictField(description='A single structures entry resource.', union_mode=left_to_right)] instance-attribute

errors: Annotated[list[Error] | None, StrictField(description='A list of unique errors', uniqueItems=True)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

included: Annotated[list[EntryResource] | list[dict[str, Any]] | None, StrictField(description='A list of unique included OPTIMADE entry resources.', uniqueItems=True, union_mode=left_to_right)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

jsonapi: Annotated[JsonApi | None, StrictField(description='Information about the JSON API used')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

meta: Annotated[ResponseMeta, StrictField(description='A meta object containing non-standard information')] instance-attribute

model_config = ConfigDict(json_encoders={datetime: lambda v: v.astimezone(timezone.utc).strftime('%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ')}) class-attribute instance-attribute

The specification mandates that datetimes must be encoded following RFC3339, which does not support fractional seconds, thus they must be stripped in the response. This can cause issues when the underlying database contains fields that do include microseconds, as filters may return unexpected results.

either_data_meta_or_errors_must_be_set()

Overwriting the existing validation function, since 'errors' MUST NOT be set.

Source code in optimade/models/optimade_json.py 
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@model_validator(mode="after")
def either_data_meta_or_errors_must_be_set(self) -> "Success":
    """Overwriting the existing validation function, since 'errors' MUST NOT be set."""
    required_fields = ("data", "meta")
    if not any(field in self.model_fields_set for field in required_fields):
        raise ValueError(
            f"At least one of {required_fields} MUST be specified in the top-level response."
        )

    # errors MUST be skipped
    if self.errors or "errors" in self.model_fields_set:
        raise ValueError("'errors' MUST be skipped for a successful response.")

    return self

structures

CORRELATED_STRUCTURE_FIELDS = ({'dimension_types', 'nperiodic_dimensions'}, {'cartesian_site_positions', 'species_at_sites'}, {'nsites', 'cartesian_site_positions'}, {'species_at_sites', 'species'}) module-attribute

EPS = 2 ** -23 module-attribute

Vector3D = Annotated[list[Annotated[float, BeforeValidator(float)]], Field(min_length=3, max_length=3)] module-attribute

Vector3D_unknown = Annotated[list[Optional[Annotated[float, BeforeValidator(float)]]], Field(min_length=3, max_length=3)] module-attribute

Assembly

Bases: BaseModel

A description of groups of sites that are statistically correlated.

  • Examples (for each entry of the assemblies list):
    • {"sites_in_groups": [[0], [1]], "group_probabilities: [0.3, 0.7]}: the first site and the second site never occur at the same time in the unit cell. Statistically, 30 % of the times the first site is present, while 70 % of the times the second site is present.
    • {"sites_in_groups": [[1,2], [3]], "group_probabilities: [0.3, 0.7]}: the second and third site are either present together or not present; they form the first group of atoms for this assembly. The second group is formed by the fourth site. Sites of the first group (the second and the third) are never present at the same time as the fourth site. 30 % of times sites 1 and 2 are present (and site 3 is absent); 70 % of times site 3 is present (and sites 1 and 2 are absent).
Source code in optimade/models/structures.py 
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class Assembly(BaseModel):
    """A description of groups of sites that are statistically correlated.

    - **Examples** (for each entry of the assemblies list):
        - `{"sites_in_groups": [[0], [1]], "group_probabilities: [0.3, 0.7]}`: the first site and the second site never occur at the same time in the unit cell.
          Statistically, 30 % of the times the first site is present, while 70 % of the times the second site is present.
        - `{"sites_in_groups": [[1,2], [3]], "group_probabilities: [0.3, 0.7]}`: the second and third site are either present together or not present; they form the first group of atoms for this assembly.
          The second group is formed by the fourth site. Sites of the first group (the second and the third) are never present at the same time as the fourth site.
          30 % of times sites 1 and 2 are present (and site 3 is absent); 70 % of times site 3 is present (and sites 1 and 2 are absent).

    """

    sites_in_groups: Annotated[
        list[list[int]],
        OptimadeField(
            description="""Index of the sites (0-based) that belong to each group for each assembly.

- **Examples**:
    - `[[1], [2]]`: two groups, one with the second site, one with the third.
    - `[[1,2], [3]]`: one group with the second and third site, one with the fourth.""",
            support=SupportLevel.MUST,
            queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
        ),
    ]

    group_probabilities: Annotated[
        list[float],
        OptimadeField(
            description="""Statistical probability of each group. It MUST have the same length as `sites_in_groups`.
It SHOULD sum to one.
See below for examples of how to specify the probability of the occurrence of a vacancy.
The possible reasons for the values not to sum to one are the same as already specified above for the `concentration` of each `species`.""",
            support=SupportLevel.MUST,
            queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
        ),
    ]

    @field_validator("sites_in_groups", mode="after")
    @classmethod
    def validate_sites_in_groups(cls, value: list[list[int]]) -> list[list[int]]:
        sites = []
        for group in value:
            sites.extend(group)
        if len(set(sites)) != len(sites):
            raise ValueError(
                f"A site MUST NOT appear in more than one group. Given value: {value}"
            )
        return value

    @model_validator(mode="after")
    def check_self_consistency(self) -> "Assembly":
        if len(self.group_probabilities) != len(self.sites_in_groups):
            raise ValueError(
                f"sites_in_groups and group_probabilities MUST be of same length, "
                f"but are {len(self.sites_in_groups)} and {len(self.group_probabilities)}, "
                "respectively"
            )
        return self

group_probabilities: Annotated[list[float], OptimadeField(description='Statistical probability of each group. It MUST have the same length as `sites_in_groups`.\nIt SHOULD sum to one.\nSee below for examples of how to specify the probability of the occurrence of a vacancy.\nThe possible reasons for the values not to sum to one are the same as already specified above for the `concentration` of each `species`.', support=SupportLevel.MUST, queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL)] instance-attribute

sites_in_groups: Annotated[list[list[int]], OptimadeField(description='Index of the sites (0-based) that belong to each group for each assembly.\n\n- **Examples**:\n - `[[1], [2]]`: two groups, one with the second site, one with the third.\n - `[[1,2], [3]]`: one group with the second and third site, one with the fourth.', support=SupportLevel.MUST, queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL)] instance-attribute

check_self_consistency()

Source code in optimade/models/structures.py 
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@model_validator(mode="after")
def check_self_consistency(self) -> "Assembly":
    if len(self.group_probabilities) != len(self.sites_in_groups):
        raise ValueError(
            f"sites_in_groups and group_probabilities MUST be of same length, "
            f"but are {len(self.sites_in_groups)} and {len(self.group_probabilities)}, "
            "respectively"
        )
    return self

validate_sites_in_groups(value) classmethod

Source code in optimade/models/structures.py 
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@field_validator("sites_in_groups", mode="after")
@classmethod
def validate_sites_in_groups(cls, value: list[list[int]]) -> list[list[int]]:
    sites = []
    for group in value:
        sites.extend(group)
    if len(set(sites)) != len(sites):
        raise ValueError(
            f"A site MUST NOT appear in more than one group. Given value: {value}"
        )
    return value

Periodicity

Bases: IntEnum

Integer enumeration of dimension_types values

Source code in optimade/models/structures.py 
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class Periodicity(IntEnum):
    """Integer enumeration of dimension_types values"""

    APERIODIC = 0
    PERIODIC = 1

APERIODIC = 0 class-attribute instance-attribute

PERIODIC = 1 class-attribute instance-attribute

Species

Bases: BaseModel

A list describing the species of the sites of this structure.

Species can represent pure chemical elements, virtual-crystal atoms representing a statistical occupation of a given site by multiple chemical elements, and/or a location to which there are attached atoms, i.e., atoms whose precise location are unknown beyond that they are attached to that position (frequently used to indicate hydrogen atoms attached to another element, e.g., a carbon with three attached hydrogens might represent a methyl group, -CH3).

  • Examples:
    • [ {"name": "Ti", "chemical_symbols": ["Ti"], "concentration": [1.0]} ]: any site with this species is occupied by a Ti atom.
    • [ {"name": "Ti", "chemical_symbols": ["Ti", "vacancy"], "concentration": [0.9, 0.1]} ]: any site with this species is occupied by a Ti atom with 90 % probability, and has a vacancy with 10 % probability.
    • [ {"name": "BaCa", "chemical_symbols": ["vacancy", "Ba", "Ca"], "concentration": [0.05, 0.45, 0.5], "mass": [0.0, 137.327, 40.078]} ]: any site with this species is occupied by a Ba atom with 45 % probability, a Ca atom with 50 % probability, and by a vacancy with 5 % probability. The mass of this site is (on average) 88.5 a.m.u.
    • [ {"name": "C12", "chemical_symbols": ["C"], "concentration": [1.0], "mass": [12.0]} ]: any site with this species is occupied by a carbon isotope with mass 12.
    • [ {"name": "C13", "chemical_symbols": ["C"], "concentration": [1.0], "mass": [13.0]} ]: any site with this species is occupied by a carbon isotope with mass 13.
    • [ {"name": "CH3", "chemical_symbols": ["C"], "concentration": [1.0], "attached": ["H"], "nattached": [3]} ]: any site with this species is occupied by a methyl group, -CH3, which is represented without specifying precise positions of the hydrogen atoms.
Source code in optimade/models/structures.py 
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class Species(BaseModel):
    """A list describing the species of the sites of this structure.

    Species can represent pure chemical elements, virtual-crystal atoms representing a
    statistical occupation of a given site by multiple chemical elements, and/or a
    location to which there are attached atoms, i.e., atoms whose precise location are
    unknown beyond that they are attached to that position (frequently used to indicate
    hydrogen atoms attached to another element, e.g., a carbon with three attached
    hydrogens might represent a methyl group, -CH3).

    - **Examples**:
        - `[ {"name": "Ti", "chemical_symbols": ["Ti"], "concentration": [1.0]} ]`: any site with this species is occupied by a Ti atom.
        - `[ {"name": "Ti", "chemical_symbols": ["Ti", "vacancy"], "concentration": [0.9, 0.1]} ]`: any site with this species is occupied by a Ti atom with 90 % probability, and has a vacancy with 10 % probability.
        - `[ {"name": "BaCa", "chemical_symbols": ["vacancy", "Ba", "Ca"], "concentration": [0.05, 0.45, 0.5], "mass": [0.0, 137.327, 40.078]} ]`: any site with this species is occupied by a Ba atom with 45 % probability, a Ca atom with 50 % probability, and by a vacancy with 5 % probability. The mass of this site is (on average) 88.5 a.m.u.
        - `[ {"name": "C12", "chemical_symbols": ["C"], "concentration": [1.0], "mass": [12.0]} ]`: any site with this species is occupied by a carbon isotope with mass 12.
        - `[ {"name": "C13", "chemical_symbols": ["C"], "concentration": [1.0], "mass": [13.0]} ]`: any site with this species is occupied by a carbon isotope with mass 13.
        - `[ {"name": "CH3", "chemical_symbols": ["C"], "concentration": [1.0], "attached": ["H"], "nattached": [3]} ]`: any site with this species is occupied by a methyl group, -CH3, which is represented without specifying precise positions of the hydrogen atoms.

    """

    name: Annotated[
        str,
        OptimadeField(
            description="""Gives the name of the species; the **name** value MUST be unique in the `species` list.""",
            support=SupportLevel.MUST,
            queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
        ),
    ]

    chemical_symbols: Annotated[
        list[ChemicalSymbol],
        OptimadeField(
            description="""MUST be a list of strings of all chemical elements composing this species. Each item of the list MUST be one of the following:

- a valid chemical-element symbol, or
- the special value `"X"` to represent a non-chemical element, or
- the special value `"vacancy"` to represent that this site has a non-zero probability of having a vacancy (the respective probability is indicated in the `concentration` list, see below).

If any one entry in the `species` list has a `chemical_symbols` list that is longer than 1 element, the correct flag MUST be set in the list `structure_features`.""",
            support=SupportLevel.MUST,
            queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
        ),
    ]

    concentration: Annotated[
        list[float],
        OptimadeField(
            description="""MUST be a list of floats, with same length as `chemical_symbols`. The numbers represent the relative concentration of the corresponding chemical symbol in this species. The numbers SHOULD sum to one. Cases in which the numbers do not sum to one typically fall only in the following two categories:

- Numerical errors when representing float numbers in fixed precision, e.g. for two chemical symbols with concentrations `1/3` and `2/3`, the concentration might look something like `[0.33333333333, 0.66666666666]`. If the client is aware that the sum is not one because of numerical precision, it can renormalize the values so that the sum is exactly one.
- Experimental errors in the data present in the database. In this case, it is the responsibility of the client to decide how to process the data.

Note that concentrations are uncorrelated between different site (even of the same species).""",
            support=SupportLevel.MUST,
            queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
        ),
    ]

    mass: Annotated[
        list[float] | None,
        OptimadeField(
            description="""If present MUST be a list of floats expressed in a.m.u.
Elements denoting vacancies MUST have masses equal to 0.""",
            unit="a.m.u.",
            support=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
            queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
        ),
    ] = None

    original_name: Annotated[
        str | None,
        OptimadeField(
            description="""Can be any valid Unicode string, and SHOULD contain (if specified) the name of the species that is used internally in the source database.

Note: With regards to "source database", we refer to the immediate source being queried via the OPTIMADE API implementation.""",
            support=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
            queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
        ),
    ] = None

    attached: Annotated[
        list[str] | None,
        OptimadeField(
            description="""If provided MUST be a list of length 1 or more of strings of chemical symbols for the elements attached to this site, or "X" for a non-chemical element.""",
            support=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
            queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
        ),
    ] = None

    nattached: Annotated[
        list[int] | None,
        OptimadeField(
            description="""If provided MUST be a list of length 1 or more of integers indicating the number of attached atoms of the kind specified in the value of the :field:`attached` key.""",
            support=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
            queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
        ),
    ] = None

    @field_validator("concentration", "mass", mode="after")
    def validate_concentration_and_mass(
        cls, value: list[float] | None, info: "ValidationInfo"
    ) -> list[float] | None:
        if not value:
            return value

        if info.data.get("chemical_symbols"):
            if len(value) != len(info.data["chemical_symbols"]):
                raise ValueError(
                    f"Length of concentration ({len(value)}) MUST equal length of "
                    f"chemical_symbols ({len(info.data['chemical_symbols'])})"
                )
            return value

        raise ValueError(
            f"Could not validate {info.field_name!r} as 'chemical_symbols' is missing/invalid."
        )

    @field_validator("attached", "nattached", mode="after")
    @classmethod
    def validate_minimum_list_length(
        cls, value: list[str] | list[int] | None
    ) -> list[str] | list[int] | None:
        if value is not None and len(value) < 1:
            raise ValueError(
                "The list's length MUST be 1 or more, instead it was found to be "
                f"{len(value)}"
            )
        return value

    @model_validator(mode="after")
    def attached_nattached_mutually_exclusive(self) -> "Species":
        if (self.attached is None and self.nattached is not None) or (
            self.attached is not None and self.nattached is None
        ):
            raise ValueError(
                f"Either both or none of attached ({self.attached}) and nattached "
                f"({self.nattached}) MUST be set."
            )

        if (
            self.attached is not None
            and self.nattached is not None
            and len(self.attached) != len(self.nattached)
        ):
            raise ValueError(
                f"attached ({self.attached}) and nattached ({self.nattached}) MUST be "
                "lists of equal length."
            )

        return self

attached: Annotated[list[str] | None, OptimadeField(description='If provided MUST be a list of length 1 or more of strings of chemical symbols for the elements attached to this site, or "X" for a non-chemical element.', support=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL, queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

chemical_symbols: Annotated[list[ChemicalSymbol], OptimadeField(description='MUST be a list of strings of all chemical elements composing this species. Each item of the list MUST be one of the following:\n\n- a valid chemical-element symbol, or\n- the special value `"X"` to represent a non-chemical element, or\n- the special value `"vacancy"` to represent that this site has a non-zero probability of having a vacancy (the respective probability is indicated in the `concentration` list, see below).\n\nIf any one entry in the `species` list has a `chemical_symbols` list that is longer than 1 element, the correct flag MUST be set in the list `structure_features`.', support=SupportLevel.MUST, queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL)] instance-attribute

concentration: Annotated[list[float], OptimadeField(description='MUST be a list of floats, with same length as `chemical_symbols`. The numbers represent the relative concentration of the corresponding chemical symbol in this species. The numbers SHOULD sum to one. Cases in which the numbers do not sum to one typically fall only in the following two categories:\n\n- Numerical errors when representing float numbers in fixed precision, e.g. for two chemical symbols with concentrations `1/3` and `2/3`, the concentration might look something like `[0.33333333333, 0.66666666666]`. If the client is aware that the sum is not one because of numerical precision, it can renormalize the values so that the sum is exactly one.\n- Experimental errors in the data present in the database. In this case, it is the responsibility of the client to decide how to process the data.\n\nNote that concentrations are uncorrelated between different site (even of the same species).', support=SupportLevel.MUST, queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL)] instance-attribute

mass: Annotated[list[float] | None, OptimadeField(description='If present MUST be a list of floats expressed in a.m.u.\nElements denoting vacancies MUST have masses equal to 0.', unit='a.m.u.', support=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL, queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

name: Annotated[str, OptimadeField(description='Gives the name of the species; the **name** value MUST be unique in the `species` list.', support=SupportLevel.MUST, queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL)] instance-attribute

nattached: Annotated[list[int] | None, OptimadeField(description='If provided MUST be a list of length 1 or more of integers indicating the number of attached atoms of the kind specified in the value of the :field:`attached` key.', support=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL, queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

original_name: Annotated[str | None, OptimadeField(description='Can be any valid Unicode string, and SHOULD contain (if specified) the name of the species that is used internally in the source database.\n\nNote: With regards to "source database", we refer to the immediate source being queried via the OPTIMADE API implementation.', support=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL, queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

attached_nattached_mutually_exclusive()

Source code in optimade/models/structures.py 
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@model_validator(mode="after")
def attached_nattached_mutually_exclusive(self) -> "Species":
    if (self.attached is None and self.nattached is not None) or (
        self.attached is not None and self.nattached is None
    ):
        raise ValueError(
            f"Either both or none of attached ({self.attached}) and nattached "
            f"({self.nattached}) MUST be set."
        )

    if (
        self.attached is not None
        and self.nattached is not None
        and len(self.attached) != len(self.nattached)
    ):
        raise ValueError(
            f"attached ({self.attached}) and nattached ({self.nattached}) MUST be "
            "lists of equal length."
        )

    return self

validate_concentration_and_mass(value, info)

Source code in optimade/models/structures.py 
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@field_validator("concentration", "mass", mode="after")
def validate_concentration_and_mass(
    cls, value: list[float] | None, info: "ValidationInfo"
) -> list[float] | None:
    if not value:
        return value

    if info.data.get("chemical_symbols"):
        if len(value) != len(info.data["chemical_symbols"]):
            raise ValueError(
                f"Length of concentration ({len(value)}) MUST equal length of "
                f"chemical_symbols ({len(info.data['chemical_symbols'])})"
            )
        return value

    raise ValueError(
        f"Could not validate {info.field_name!r} as 'chemical_symbols' is missing/invalid."
    )

validate_minimum_list_length(value) classmethod

Source code in optimade/models/structures.py 
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@field_validator("attached", "nattached", mode="after")
@classmethod
def validate_minimum_list_length(
    cls, value: list[str] | list[int] | None
) -> list[str] | list[int] | None:
    if value is not None and len(value) < 1:
        raise ValueError(
            "The list's length MUST be 1 or more, instead it was found to be "
            f"{len(value)}"
        )
    return value

StructureFeatures

Bases: Enum

Enumeration of structure_features values

Source code in optimade/models/structures.py 
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class StructureFeatures(Enum):
    """Enumeration of structure_features values"""

    DISORDER = "disorder"
    IMPLICIT_ATOMS = "implicit_atoms"
    SITE_ATTACHMENTS = "site_attachments"
    ASSEMBLIES = "assemblies"

ASSEMBLIES = 'assemblies' class-attribute instance-attribute

DISORDER = 'disorder' class-attribute instance-attribute

IMPLICIT_ATOMS = 'implicit_atoms' class-attribute instance-attribute

SITE_ATTACHMENTS = 'site_attachments' class-attribute instance-attribute

StructureResource

Bases: EntryResource

Representing a structure.

Source code in optimade/models/structures.py 
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class StructureResource(EntryResource):
    """Representing a structure."""

    type: Annotated[
        Literal["structures"],
        StrictField(
            description="""The name of the type of an entry.

- **Type**: string.

- **Requirements/Conventions**:
    - **Support**: MUST be supported by all implementations, MUST NOT be `null`.
    - **Query**: MUST be a queryable property with support for all mandatory filter features.
    - **Response**: REQUIRED in the response.
    - MUST be an existing entry type.
    - The entry of type `<type>` and ID `<id>` MUST be returned in response to a request for `/<type>/<id>` under the versioned base URL.

- **Examples**:
    - `"structures"`""",
            pattern="^structures$",
            support=SupportLevel.MUST,
            queryable=SupportLevel.MUST,
        ),
    ] = "structures"

    attributes: StructureResourceAttributes

attributes: StructureResourceAttributes instance-attribute

id: Annotated[str, OptimadeField(description='An entry\'s ID as defined in section Definition of Terms.\n\n- **Type**: string.\n\n- **Requirements/Conventions**:\n - **Support**: MUST be supported by all implementations, MUST NOT be `null`.\n - **Query**: MUST be a queryable property with support for all mandatory filter features.\n - **Response**: REQUIRED in the response.\n\n- **Examples**:\n - `"db/1234567"`\n - `"cod/2000000"`\n - `"cod/2000000@1234567"`\n - `"nomad/L1234567890"`\n - `"42"`', support=SupportLevel.MUST, queryable=SupportLevel.MUST)] instance-attribute

meta: Annotated[Meta | None, StrictField(description='a meta object containing non-standard meta-information about a resource that can not be represented as an attribute or relationship.')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

model_config = ConfigDict(json_schema_extra=resource_json_schema_extra) class-attribute instance-attribute

relationships: Annotated[EntryRelationships | None, StrictField(description='A dictionary containing references to other entries according to the description in section Relationships encoded as [JSON API Relationships](https://jsonapi.org/format/1.0/#document-resource-object-relationships).\nThe OPTIONAL human-readable description of the relationship MAY be provided in the `description` field inside the `meta` dictionary of the JSON API resource identifier object.')] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

type: Annotated[Literal['structures'], StrictField(description='The name of the type of an entry.\n\n- **Type**: string.\n\n- **Requirements/Conventions**:\n - **Support**: MUST be supported by all implementations, MUST NOT be `null`.\n - **Query**: MUST be a queryable property with support for all mandatory filter features.\n - **Response**: REQUIRED in the response.\n - MUST be an existing entry type.\n - The entry of type `<type>` and ID `<id>` MUST be returned in response to a request for `/<type>/<id>` under the versioned base URL.\n\n- **Examples**:\n - `"structures"`', pattern='^structures$', support=SupportLevel.MUST, queryable=SupportLevel.MUST)] = 'structures' class-attribute instance-attribute

StructureResourceAttributes

Bases: EntryResourceAttributes

This class contains the Field for the attributes used to represent a structure, e.g. unit cell, atoms, positions.

Source code in optimade/models/structures.py 
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class StructureResourceAttributes(EntryResourceAttributes):
    """This class contains the Field for the attributes used to represent a structure, e.g. unit cell, atoms, positions."""

    elements: Annotated[
        list[str] | None,
        OptimadeField(
            description="""The chemical symbols of the different elements present in the structure.

- **Type**: list of strings.

- **Requirements/Conventions**:
    - **Support**: SHOULD be supported by all implementations, i.e., SHOULD NOT be `null`.
    - **Query**: MUST be a queryable property with support for all mandatory filter features.
    - The strings are the chemical symbols, i.e., either a single uppercase letter or an uppercase letter followed by a number of lowercase letters.
    - The order MUST be alphabetical.
    - MUST refer to the same elements in the same order, and therefore be of the same length, as `elements_ratios`, if the latter is provided.
    - Note: This property SHOULD NOT contain the string "X" to indicate non-chemical elements or "vacancy" to indicate vacancies (in contrast to the field `chemical_symbols` for the `species` property).

- **Examples**:
    - `["Si"]`
    - `["Al","O","Si"]`

- **Query examples**:
    - A filter that matches all records of structures that contain Si, Al **and** O, and possibly other elements: `elements HAS ALL "Si", "Al", "O"`.
    - To match structures with exactly these three elements, use `elements HAS ALL "Si", "Al", "O" AND elements LENGTH 3`.
    - Note: length queries on this property can be equivalently formulated by filtering on the `nelements`_ property directly.""",
            support=SupportLevel.SHOULD,
            queryable=SupportLevel.MUST,
        ),
    ] = None

    nelements: Annotated[
        int | None,
        OptimadeField(
            description="""Number of different elements in the structure as an integer.

- **Type**: integer

- **Requirements/Conventions**:
    - **Support**: SHOULD be supported by all implementations, i.e., SHOULD NOT be `null`.
    - **Query**: MUST be a queryable property with support for all mandatory filter features.
    - MUST be equal to the lengths of the list properties `elements` and `elements_ratios`, if they are provided.

- **Examples**:
    - `3`

- **Querying**:
    - Note: queries on this property can equivalently be formulated using `elements LENGTH`.
    - A filter that matches structures that have exactly 4 elements: `nelements=4`.
    - A filter that matches structures that have between 2 and 7 elements: `nelements>=2 AND nelements<=7`.""",
            support=SupportLevel.SHOULD,
            queryable=SupportLevel.MUST,
        ),
    ] = None

    elements_ratios: Annotated[
        list[float] | None,
        OptimadeField(
            description="""Relative proportions of different elements in the structure.

- **Type**: list of floats

- **Requirements/Conventions**:
    - **Support**: SHOULD be supported by all implementations, i.e., SHOULD NOT be `null`.
    - **Query**: MUST be a queryable property with support for all mandatory filter features.
    - Composed by the proportions of elements in the structure as a list of floating point numbers.
    - The sum of the numbers MUST be 1.0 (within floating point accuracy)
    - MUST refer to the same elements in the same order, and therefore be of the same length, as `elements`, if the latter is provided.

- **Examples**:
    - `[1.0]`
    - `[0.3333333333333333, 0.2222222222222222, 0.4444444444444444]`

- **Query examples**:
    - Note: Useful filters can be formulated using the set operator syntax for correlated values.
      However, since the values are floating point values, the use of equality comparisons is generally inadvisable.
    - OPTIONAL: a filter that matches structures where approximately 1/3 of the atoms in the structure are the element Al is: `elements:elements_ratios HAS ALL "Al":>0.3333, "Al":<0.3334`.""",
            support=SupportLevel.SHOULD,
            queryable=SupportLevel.MUST,
        ),
    ] = None

    chemical_formula_descriptive: Annotated[
        str | None,
        OptimadeField(
            description="""The chemical formula for a structure as a string in a form chosen by the API implementation.

- **Type**: string

- **Requirements/Conventions**:
    - **Support**: SHOULD be supported by all implementations, i.e., SHOULD NOT be `null`.
    - **Query**: MUST be a queryable property with support for all mandatory filter features.
    - The chemical formula is given as a string consisting of properly capitalized element symbols followed by integers or decimal numbers, balanced parentheses, square, and curly brackets `(`,`)`, `[`,`]`, `{`, `}`, commas, the `+`, `-`, `:` and `=` symbols. The parentheses are allowed to be followed by a number. Spaces are allowed anywhere except within chemical symbols. The order of elements and any groupings indicated by parentheses or brackets are chosen freely by the API implementation.
    - The string SHOULD be arithmetically consistent with the element ratios in the `chemical_formula_reduced` property.
    - It is RECOMMENDED, but not mandatory, that symbols, parentheses and brackets, if used, are used with the meanings prescribed by [IUPAC's Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry](https://www.qmul.ac.uk/sbcs/iupac/bibliog/blue.html).

- **Examples**:
    - `"(H2O)2 Na"`
    - `"NaCl"`
    - `"CaCO3"`
    - `"CCaO3"`
    - `"(CH3)3N+ - [CH2]2-OH = Me3N+ - CH2 - CH2OH"`

- **Query examples**:
    - Note: the free-form nature of this property is likely to make queries on it across different databases inconsistent.
    - A filter that matches an exactly given formula: `chemical_formula_descriptive="(H2O)2 Na"`.
    - A filter that does a partial match: `chemical_formula_descriptive CONTAINS "H2O"`.""",
            support=SupportLevel.SHOULD,
            queryable=SupportLevel.MUST,
        ),
    ] = None

    chemical_formula_reduced: Annotated[
        str | None,
        OptimadeField(
            description="""The reduced chemical formula for a structure as a string with element symbols and integer chemical proportion numbers.
The proportion number MUST be omitted if it is 1.

- **Type**: string

- **Requirements/Conventions**:
    - **Support**: SHOULD be supported by all implementations, i.e., SHOULD NOT be `null`.
    - **Query**: MUST be a queryable property.
      However, support for filters using partial string matching with this property is OPTIONAL (i.e., BEGINS WITH, ENDS WITH, and CONTAINS).
      Intricate queries on formula components are instead suggested to be formulated using set-type filter operators on the multi valued `elements` and `elements_ratios` properties.
    - Element symbols MUST have proper capitalization (e.g., `"Si"`, not `"SI"` for "silicon").
    - Elements MUST be placed in alphabetical order, followed by their integer chemical proportion number.
    - For structures with no partial occupation, the chemical proportion numbers are the smallest integers for which the chemical proportion is exactly correct.
    - For structures with partial occupation, the chemical proportion numbers are integers that within reasonable approximation indicate the correct chemical proportions. The precise details of how to perform the rounding is chosen by the API implementation.
    - No spaces or separators are allowed.

- **Examples**:
    - `"H2NaO"`
    - `"ClNa"`
    - `"CCaO3"`

- **Query examples**:
    - A filter that matches an exactly given formula is `chemical_formula_reduced="H2NaO"`.""",
            support=SupportLevel.SHOULD,
            queryable=SupportLevel.MUST,
            pattern=CHEMICAL_FORMULA_REGEXP,
        ),
    ] = None

    chemical_formula_hill: Annotated[
        str | None,
        OptimadeField(
            description="""The chemical formula for a structure in [Hill form](https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja02046a005) with element symbols followed by integer chemical proportion numbers. The proportion number MUST be omitted if it is 1.

- **Type**: string

- **Requirements/Conventions**:
    - **Support**: OPTIONAL support in implementations, i.e., MAY be `null`.
    - **Query**: Support for queries on this property is OPTIONAL.
      If supported, only a subset of the filter features MAY be supported.
    - The overall scale factor of the chemical proportions is chosen such that the resulting values are integers that indicate the most chemically relevant unit of which the system is composed.
      For example, if the structure is a repeating unit cell with four hydrogens and four oxygens that represents two hydroperoxide molecules, `chemical_formula_hill` is `"H2O2"` (i.e., not `"HO"`, nor `"H4O4"`).
    - If the chemical insight needed to ascribe a Hill formula to the system is not present, the property MUST be handled as unset.
    - Element symbols MUST have proper capitalization (e.g., `"Si"`, not `"SI"` for "silicon").
    - Elements MUST be placed in [Hill order](https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja02046a005), followed by their integer chemical proportion number.
      Hill order means: if carbon is present, it is placed first, and if also present, hydrogen is placed second.
      After that, all other elements are ordered alphabetically.
      If carbon is not present, all elements are ordered alphabetically.
    - If the system has sites with partial occupation and the total occupations of each element do not all sum up to integers, then the Hill formula SHOULD be handled as unset.
    - No spaces or separators are allowed.

- **Examples**:
    - `"H2O2"`

- **Query examples**:
    - A filter that matches an exactly given formula is `chemical_formula_hill="H2O2"`.""",
            support=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
            queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
            pattern=CHEMICAL_FORMULA_REGEXP,
        ),
    ] = None

    chemical_formula_anonymous: Annotated[
        str | None,
        OptimadeField(
            description="""The anonymous formula is the `chemical_formula_reduced`, but where the elements are instead first ordered by their chemical proportion number, and then, in order left to right, replaced by anonymous symbols A, B, C, ..., Z, Aa, Ba, ..., Za, Ab, Bb, ... and so on.

- **Type**: string

- **Requirements/Conventions**:
    - **Support**: SHOULD be supported by all implementations, i.e., SHOULD NOT be `null`.
    - **Query**: MUST be a queryable property.
      However, support for filters using partial string matching with this property is OPTIONAL (i.e., BEGINS WITH, ENDS WITH, and CONTAINS).

- **Examples**:
    - `"A2B"`
    - `"A42B42C16D12E10F9G5"`

- **Querying**:
    - A filter that matches an exactly given formula is `chemical_formula_anonymous="A2B"`.""",
            support=SupportLevel.SHOULD,
            queryable=SupportLevel.MUST,
            pattern=CHEMICAL_FORMULA_REGEXP,
        ),
    ] = None

    dimension_types: Annotated[
        list[Periodicity] | None,
        OptimadeField(
            min_length=3,
            max_length=3,
            title="Dimension Types",
            description="""List of three integers.
For each of the three directions indicated by the three lattice vectors (see property `lattice_vectors`), this list indicates if the direction is periodic (value `1`) or non-periodic (value `0`).
Note: the elements in this list each refer to the direction of the corresponding entry in `lattice_vectors` and *not* the Cartesian x, y, z directions.

- **Type**: list of integers.

- **Requirements/Conventions**:
    - **Support**: SHOULD be supported by all implementations, i.e., SHOULD NOT be `null`.
    - **Query**: Support for queries on this property is OPTIONAL.
    - MUST be a list of length 3.
    - Each integer element MUST assume only the value 0 or 1.

- **Examples**:
    - For a molecule: `[0, 0, 0]`
    - For a wire along the direction specified by the third lattice vector: `[0, 0, 1]`
    - For a 2D surface/slab, periodic on the plane defined by the first and third lattice vectors: `[1, 0, 1]`
    - For a bulk 3D system: `[1, 1, 1]`""",
            support=SupportLevel.SHOULD,
            queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
        ),
    ] = None

    nperiodic_dimensions: Annotated[
        int | None,
        OptimadeField(
            description="""An integer specifying the number of periodic dimensions in the structure, equivalent to the number of non-zero entries in `dimension_types`.

- **Type**: integer

- **Requirements/Conventions**:
    - **Support**: SHOULD be supported by all implementations, i.e., SHOULD NOT be `null`.
    - **Query**: MUST be a queryable property with support for all mandatory filter features.
    - The integer value MUST be between 0 and 3 inclusive and MUST be equal to the sum of the items in the `dimension_types` property.
    - This property only reflects the treatment of the lattice vectors provided for the structure, and not any physical interpretation of the dimensionality of its contents.

- **Examples**:
    - `2` should be indicated in cases where `dimension_types` is any of `[1, 1, 0]`, `[1, 0, 1]`, `[0, 1, 1]`.

- **Query examples**:
    - Match only structures with exactly 3 periodic dimensions: `nperiodic_dimensions=3`
    - Match all structures with 2 or fewer periodic dimensions: `nperiodic_dimensions<=2`""",
            support=SupportLevel.SHOULD,
            queryable=SupportLevel.MUST,
        ),
    ] = None

    lattice_vectors: Annotated[
        list[Vector3D_unknown] | None,
        OptimadeField(
            min_length=3,
            max_length=3,
            description="""The three lattice vectors in Cartesian coordinates, in ångström (Å).

- **Type**: list of list of floats or unknown values.

- **Requirements/Conventions**:
    - **Support**: SHOULD be supported by all implementations, i.e., SHOULD NOT be `null`.
    - **Query**: Support for queries on this property is OPTIONAL.
      If supported, filters MAY support only a subset of comparison operators.
    - MUST be a list of three vectors *a*, *b*, and *c*, where each of the vectors MUST BE a list of the vector's coordinates along the x, y, and z Cartesian coordinates.
      (Therefore, the first index runs over the three lattice vectors and the second index runs over the x, y, z Cartesian coordinates).
    - For databases that do not define an absolute Cartesian system (e.g., only defining the length and angles between vectors), the first lattice vector SHOULD be set along *x* and the second on the *xy*-plane.
    - MUST always contain three vectors of three coordinates each, independently of the elements of property `dimension_types`.
      The vectors SHOULD by convention be chosen so the determinant of the `lattice_vectors` matrix is different from zero.
      The vectors in the non-periodic directions have no significance beyond fulfilling these requirements.
    - The coordinates of the lattice vectors of non-periodic dimensions (i.e., those dimensions for which `dimension_types` is `0`) MAY be given as a list of all `null` values.
        If a lattice vector contains the value `null`, all coordinates of that lattice vector MUST be `null`.

- **Examples**:
    - `[[4.0,0.0,0.0],[0.0,4.0,0.0],[0.0,1.0,4.0]]` represents a cell, where the first vector is `(4, 0, 0)`, i.e., a vector aligned along the `x` axis of length 4 Å; the second vector is `(0, 4, 0)`; and the third vector is `(0, 1, 4)`.""",
            unit="Å",
            support=SupportLevel.SHOULD,
            queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
        ),
    ] = None

    cartesian_site_positions: Annotated[
        list[Vector3D] | None,
        OptimadeField(
            description="""Cartesian positions of each site in the structure.
A site is usually used to describe positions of atoms; what atoms can be encountered at a given site is conveyed by the `species_at_sites` property, and the species themselves are described in the `species` property.

- **Type**: list of list of floats

- **Requirements/Conventions**:
    - **Support**: SHOULD be supported by all implementations, i.e., SHOULD NOT be `null`.
    - **Query**: Support for queries on this property is OPTIONAL.
      If supported, filters MAY support only a subset of comparison operators.
    - It MUST be a list of length equal to the number of sites in the structure, where every element is a list of the three Cartesian coordinates of a site expressed as float values in the unit angstrom (Å).
    - An entry MAY have multiple sites at the same Cartesian position (for a relevant use of this, see e.g., the property `assemblies`).

- **Examples**:
    - `[[0,0,0],[0,0,2]]` indicates a structure with two sites, one sitting at the origin and one along the (positive) *z*-axis, 2 Å away from the origin.""",
            unit="Å",
            support=SupportLevel.SHOULD,
            queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
        ),
    ] = None

    nsites: Annotated[
        int | None,
        OptimadeField(
            description="""An integer specifying the length of the `cartesian_site_positions` property.

- **Type**: integer

- **Requirements/Conventions**:
    - **Support**: SHOULD be supported by all implementations, i.e., SHOULD NOT be `null`.
    - **Query**: MUST be a queryable property with support for all mandatory filter features.

- **Examples**:
    - `42`

- **Query examples**:
    - Match only structures with exactly 4 sites: `nsites=4`
    - Match structures that have between 2 and 7 sites: `nsites>=2 AND nsites<=7`""",
            queryable=SupportLevel.MUST,
            support=SupportLevel.SHOULD,
        ),
    ] = None

    species: Annotated[
        list[Species] | None,
        OptimadeField(
            description="""A list describing the species of the sites of this structure.
Species can represent pure chemical elements, virtual-crystal atoms representing a statistical occupation of a given site by multiple chemical elements, and/or a location to which there are attached atoms, i.e., atoms whose precise location are unknown beyond that they are attached to that position (frequently used to indicate hydrogen atoms attached to another element, e.g., a carbon with three attached hydrogens might represent a methyl group, -CH3).

- **Type**: list of dictionary with keys:
    - `name`: string (REQUIRED)
    - `chemical_symbols`: list of strings (REQUIRED)
    - `concentration`: list of float (REQUIRED)
    - `attached`: list of strings (REQUIRED)
    - `nattached`: list of integers (OPTIONAL)
    - `mass`: list of floats (OPTIONAL)
    - `original_name`: string (OPTIONAL).

- **Requirements/Conventions**:
    - **Support**: SHOULD be supported by all implementations, i.e., SHOULD NOT be `null`.
    - **Query**: Support for queries on this property is OPTIONAL.
        If supported, filters MAY support only a subset of comparison operators.
    - Each list member MUST be a dictionary with the following keys:
        - **name**: REQUIRED; gives the name of the species; the **name** value MUST be unique in the `species` list;
        - **chemical_symbols**: REQUIRED; MUST be a list of strings of all chemical elements composing this species.
          Each item of the list MUST be one of the following:
            - a valid chemical-element symbol, or
            - the special value `"X"` to represent a non-chemical element, or
            - the special value `"vacancy"` to represent that this site has a non-zero probability of having a vacancy (the respective probability is indicated in the `concentration` list, see below).

          If any one entry in the `species` list has a `chemical_symbols` list that is longer than 1 element, the correct flag MUST be set in the list `structure_features`.

        - **concentration**: REQUIRED; MUST be a list of floats, with same length as `chemical_symbols`.
          The numbers represent the relative concentration of the corresponding chemical symbol in this species.
          The numbers SHOULD sum to one. Cases in which the numbers do not sum to one typically fall only in the following two categories:

            - Numerical errors when representing float numbers in fixed precision, e.g. for two chemical symbols with concentrations `1/3` and `2/3`, the concentration might look something like `[0.33333333333, 0.66666666666]`. If the client is aware that the sum is not one because of numerical precision, it can renormalize the values so that the sum is exactly one.
            - Experimental errors in the data present in the database. In this case, it is the responsibility of the client to decide how to process the data.

            Note that concentrations are uncorrelated between different sites (even of the same species).

        - **attached**: OPTIONAL; if provided MUST be a list of length 1 or more of strings of chemical symbols for the elements attached to this site, or "X" for a non-chemical element.

        - **nattached**: OPTIONAL; if provided MUST be a list of length 1 or more of integers indicating the number of attached atoms of the kind specified in the value of the `attached` key.

          The implementation MUST include either both or none of the `attached` and `nattached` keys, and if they are provided, they MUST be of the same length.
          Furthermore, if they are provided, the `structure_features` property MUST include the string `site_attachments`.

        - **mass**: OPTIONAL. If present MUST be a list of floats, with the same length as `chemical_symbols`, providing element masses expressed in a.m.u.
          Elements denoting vacancies MUST have masses equal to 0.

        - **original_name**: OPTIONAL. Can be any valid Unicode string, and SHOULD contain (if specified) the name of the species that is used internally in the source database.

          Note: With regards to "source database", we refer to the immediate source being queried via the OPTIMADE API implementation.

          The main use of this field is for source databases that use species names, containing characters that are not allowed (see description of the list property `species_at_sites`).

    - For systems that have only species formed by a single chemical symbol, and that have at most one species per chemical symbol, SHOULD use the chemical symbol as species name (e.g., `"Ti"` for titanium, `"O"` for oxygen, etc.)
      However, note that this is OPTIONAL, and client implementations MUST NOT assume that the key corresponds to a chemical symbol, nor assume that if the species name is a valid chemical symbol, that it represents a species with that chemical symbol.
      This means that a species `{"name": "C", "chemical_symbols": ["Ti"], "concentration": [1.0]}` is valid and represents a titanium species (and *not* a carbon species).
    - It is NOT RECOMMENDED that a structure includes species that do not have at least one corresponding site.

- **Examples**:
    - `[ {"name": "Ti", "chemical_symbols": ["Ti"], "concentration": [1.0]} ]`: any site with this species is occupied by a Ti atom.
    - `[ {"name": "Ti", "chemical_symbols": ["Ti", "vacancy"], "concentration": [0.9, 0.1]} ]`: any site with this species is occupied by a Ti atom with 90 % probability, and has a vacancy with 10 % probability.
    - `[ {"name": "BaCa", "chemical_symbols": ["vacancy", "Ba", "Ca"], "concentration": [0.05, 0.45, 0.5], "mass": [0.0, 137.327, 40.078]} ]`: any site with this species is occupied by a Ba atom with 45 % probability, a Ca atom with 50 % probability, and by a vacancy with 5 % probability. The mass of this site is (on average) 88.5 a.m.u.
    - `[ {"name": "C12", "chemical_symbols": ["C"], "concentration": [1.0], "mass": [12.0]} ]`: any site with this species is occupied by a carbon isotope with mass 12.
    - `[ {"name": "C13", "chemical_symbols": ["C"], "concentration": [1.0], "mass": [13.0]} ]`: any site with this species is occupied by a carbon isotope with mass 13.
    - `[ {"name": "CH3", "chemical_symbols": ["C"], "concentration": [1.0], "attached": ["H"], "nattached": [3]} ]`: any site with this species is occupied by a methyl group, -CH3, which is represented without specifying precise positions of the hydrogen atoms.""",
            support=SupportLevel.SHOULD,
            queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
        ),
    ] = None

    species_at_sites: Annotated[
        list[str] | None,
        OptimadeField(
            description="""Name of the species at each site (where values for sites are specified with the same order of the property `cartesian_site_positions`).
The properties of the species are found in the property `species`.

- **Type**: list of strings.

- **Requirements/Conventions**:
    - **Support**: SHOULD be supported by all implementations, i.e., SHOULD NOT be `null`.
    - **Query**: Support for queries on this property is OPTIONAL.
      If supported, filters MAY support only a subset of comparison operators.
    - MUST have length equal to the number of sites in the structure (first dimension of the list property `cartesian_site_positions`).
    - Each species name mentioned in the `species_at_sites` list MUST be described in the list property `species` (i.e. for each value in the `species_at_sites` list there MUST exist exactly one dictionary in the `species` list with the `name` attribute equal to the corresponding `species_at_sites` value).
    - Each site MUST be associated only to a single species.
      **Note**: However, species can represent mixtures of atoms, and multiple species MAY be defined for the same chemical element.
      This latter case is useful when different atoms of the same type need to be grouped or distinguished, for instance in simulation codes to assign different initial spin states.

- **Examples**:
    - `["Ti","O2"]` indicates that the first site is hosting a species labeled `"Ti"` and the second a species labeled `"O2"`.
    - `["Ac", "Ac", "Ag", "Ir"]` indicating the first two sites contains the `"Ac"` species, while the third and fourth sites contain the `"Ag"` and `"Ir"` species, respectively.""",
            support=SupportLevel.SHOULD,
            queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
        ),
    ] = None

    assemblies: Annotated[
        list[Assembly] | None,
        OptimadeField(
            description="""A description of groups of sites that are statistically correlated.

- **Type**: list of dictionary with keys:
    - `sites_in_groups`: list of list of integers (REQUIRED)
    - `group_probabilities`: list of floats (REQUIRED)

- **Requirements/Conventions**:
    - **Support**: OPTIONAL support in implementations, i.e., MAY be `null`.
    - **Query**: Support for queries on this property is OPTIONAL.
        If supported, filters MAY support only a subset of comparison operators.
    - The property SHOULD be `null` for entries that have no partial occupancies.
    - If present, the correct flag MUST be set in the list `structure_features`.
    - Client implementations MUST check its presence (as its presence changes the interpretation of the structure).
    - If present, it MUST be a list of dictionaries, each of which represents an assembly and MUST have the following two keys:
        - **sites_in_groups**: Index of the sites (0-based) that belong to each group for each assembly.

            Example: `[[1], [2]]`: two groups, one with the second site, one with the third.
            Example: `[[1,2], [3]]`: one group with the second and third site, one with the fourth.

        - **group_probabilities**: Statistical probability of each group. It MUST have the same length as `sites_in_groups`.
            It SHOULD sum to one.
            See below for examples of how to specify the probability of the occurrence of a vacancy.
            The possible reasons for the values not to sum to one are the same as already specified above for the `concentration` of each `species`.

    - If a site is not present in any group, it means that it is present with 100 % probability (as if no assembly was specified).
    - A site MUST NOT appear in more than one group.

- **Examples** (for each entry of the assemblies list):
    - `{"sites_in_groups": [[0], [1]], "group_probabilities: [0.3, 0.7]}`: the first site and the second site never occur at the same time in the unit cell.
        Statistically, 30 % of the times the first site is present, while 70 % of the times the second site is present.
    - `{"sites_in_groups": [[1,2], [3]], "group_probabilities: [0.3, 0.7]}`: the second and third site are either present together or not present; they form the first group of atoms for this assembly.
        The second group is formed by the fourth site.
        Sites of the first group (the second and the third) are never present at the same time as the fourth site.
        30 % of times sites 1 and 2 are present (and site 3 is absent); 70 % of times site 3 is present (and sites 1 and 2 are absent).

- **Notes**:
    - Assemblies are essential to represent, for instance, the situation where an atom can statistically occupy two different positions (sites).

    - By defining groups, it is possible to represent, e.g., the case where a functional molecule (and not just one atom) is either present or absent (or the case where it it is present in two conformations)

    - Considerations on virtual alloys and on vacancies: In the special case of a virtual alloy, these specifications allow two different, equivalent ways of specifying them.
        For instance, for a site at the origin with 30 % probability of being occupied by Si, 50 % probability of being occupied by Ge, and 20 % of being a vacancy, the following two representations are possible:

        - Using a single species:
            ```json
            {
              "cartesian_site_positions": [[0,0,0]],
              "species_at_sites": ["SiGe-vac"],
              "species": [
              {
                "name": "SiGe-vac",
                "chemical_symbols": ["Si", "Ge", "vacancy"],
                "concentration": [0.3, 0.5, 0.2]
              }
              ]
              // ...
            }
            ```

        - Using multiple species and the assemblies:
            ```json
            {
              "cartesian_site_positions": [ [0,0,0], [0,0,0], [0,0,0] ],
              "species_at_sites": ["Si", "Ge", "vac"],
              "species": [
                { "name": "Si", "chemical_symbols": ["Si"], "concentration": [1.0] },
                { "name": "Ge", "chemical_symbols": ["Ge"], "concentration": [1.0] },
                { "name": "vac", "chemical_symbols": ["vacancy"], "concentration": [1.0] }
              ],
              "assemblies": [
                {
              "sites_in_groups": [ [0], [1], [2] ],
              "group_probabilities": [0.3, 0.5, 0.2]
                }
              ]
              // ...
            }
            ```

    - It is up to the database provider to decide which representation to use, typically depending on the internal format in which the structure is stored.
        However, given a structure identified by a unique ID, the API implementation MUST always provide the same representation for it.

    - The probabilities of occurrence of different assemblies are uncorrelated.
        So, for instance in the following case with two assemblies:
        ```json
        {
          "assemblies": [
            {
              "sites_in_groups": [ [0], [1] ],
              "group_probabilities": [0.2, 0.8],
            },
            {
              "sites_in_groups": [ [2], [3] ],
              "group_probabilities": [0.3, 0.7]
            }
          ]
        }
        ```

        Site 0 is present with a probability of 20 % and site 1 with a probability of 80 %. These two sites are correlated (either site 0 or 1 is present). Similarly, site 2 is present with a probability of 30 % and site 3 with a probability of 70 %.
        These two sites are correlated (either site 2 or 3 is present).
        However, the presence or absence of sites 0 and 1 is not correlated with the presence or absence of sites 2 and 3 (in the specific example, the pair of sites (0, 2) can occur with 0.2*0.3 = 6 % probability; the pair (0, 3) with 0.2*0.7 = 14 % probability; the pair (1, 2) with 0.8*0.3 = 24 % probability; and the pair (1, 3) with 0.8*0.7 = 56 % probability).""",
            support=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
            queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL,
        ),
    ] = None

    structure_features: Annotated[
        list[StructureFeatures],
        OptimadeField(
            title="Structure Features",
            description="""A list of strings that flag which special features are used by the structure.

- **Type**: list of strings

- **Requirements/Conventions**:
    - **Support**: MUST be supported by all implementations, MUST NOT be `null`.
    - **Query**: MUST be a queryable property.
    Filters on the list MUST support all mandatory HAS-type queries.
    Filter operators for comparisons on the string components MUST support equality, support for other comparison operators are OPTIONAL.
    - MUST be an empty list if no special features are used.
    - MUST be sorted alphabetically.
    - If a special feature listed below is used, the list MUST contain the corresponding string.
    - If a special feature listed below is not used, the list MUST NOT contain the corresponding string.
    - **List of strings used to indicate special structure features**:
        - `disorder`: this flag MUST be present if any one entry in the `species` list has a `chemical_symbols` list that is longer than 1 element.
        - `implicit_atoms`: this flag MUST be present if the structure contains atoms that are not assigned to sites via the property `species_at_sites` (e.g., because their positions are unknown).
           When this flag is present, the properties related to the chemical formula will likely not match the type and count of atoms represented by the `species_at_sites`, `species` and `assemblies` properties.
        - `site_attachments`: this flag MUST be present if any one entry in the `species` list includes `attached` and `nattached`.
        - `assemblies`: this flag MUST be present if the property `assemblies` is present.

- **Examples**: A structure having implicit atoms and using assemblies: `["assemblies", "implicit_atoms"]`""",
            support=SupportLevel.MUST,
            queryable=SupportLevel.MUST,
        ),
    ]

    @model_validator(mode="after")
    def warn_on_missing_correlated_fields(self) -> "StructureResourceAttributes":
        """Emit warnings if a field takes a null value when a value
        was expected based on the value/nullity of another field.
        """
        accumulated_warnings = []
        for field_set in CORRELATED_STRUCTURE_FIELDS:
            missing_fields = {
                field for field in field_set if getattr(self, field, None) is None
            }
            if missing_fields and len(missing_fields) != len(field_set):
                accumulated_warnings += [
                    f"Structure with attributes {self} is missing fields "
                    f"{missing_fields} which are required if "
                    f"{field_set - missing_fields} are present."
                ]

        for warn in accumulated_warnings:
            warnings.warn(warn, MissingExpectedField)

        return self

    @field_validator("chemical_formula_reduced", "chemical_formula_hill", mode="after")
    @classmethod
    def check_ordered_formula(
        cls, value: str | None, info: "ValidationInfo"
    ) -> str | None:
        if value is None:
            return value

        elements = re.findall(r"[A-Z][a-z]?", value)
        expected_elements = sorted(elements)

        if info.field_name == "chemical_formula_hill":
            # Make sure C is first (and H is second, if present along with C).
            if "C" in expected_elements:
                expected_elements = sorted(
                    expected_elements,
                    key=lambda elem: {"C": "0", "H": "1"}.get(elem, elem),
                )

        if any(elem not in CHEMICAL_SYMBOLS for elem in elements):
            raise ValueError(
                f"Cannot use unknown chemical symbols {[elem for elem in elements if elem not in CHEMICAL_SYMBOLS]} in {info.field_name!r}"
            )

        if expected_elements != elements:
            order = (
                "Hill" if info.field_name == "chemical_formula_hill" else "alphabetical"
            )
            raise ValueError(
                f"Elements in {info.field_name!r} must appear in {order} order: {expected_elements} not {elements}."
            )

        return value

    @field_validator("chemical_formula_anonymous", mode="after")
    @classmethod
    def check_anonymous_formula(cls, value: str | None) -> str | None:
        if value is None:
            return value

        elements = tuple(re.findall(r"[A-Z][a-z]*", value))
        numbers = re.split(r"[A-Z][a-z]*", value)[1:]
        numbers = [int(i) if i else 1 for i in numbers]

        expected_labels = ANONYMOUS_ELEMENTS[: len(elements)]
        expected_numbers = sorted(numbers, reverse=True)

        if expected_numbers != numbers:
            raise ValueError(
                f"'chemical_formula_anonymous' {value} has wrong order: elements with "
                f"highest proportion should appear first: {numbers} vs expected "
                f"{expected_numbers}"
            )
        if elements != expected_labels:
            raise ValueError(
                f"'chemical_formula_anonymous' {value} has wrong labels: {elements} vs"
                f" expected {expected_labels}."
            )

        return value

    @field_validator(
        "chemical_formula_anonymous", "chemical_formula_reduced", mode="after"
    )
    @classmethod
    def check_reduced_formulae(
        cls, value: str | None, info: "ValidationInfo"
    ) -> str | None:
        if value is None:
            return value

        reduced_formula = reduce_formula(value)
        if reduced_formula != value:
            raise ValueError(
                f"{info.field_name} {value!r} is not properly reduced: expected "
                f"{reduced_formula!r}."
            )

        return value

    @field_validator("elements", mode="after")
    @classmethod
    def elements_must_be_alphabetical(cls, value: list[str] | None) -> list[str] | None:
        if value is None:
            return value

        if sorted(value) != value:
            raise ValueError(f"elements must be sorted alphabetically, but is: {value}")
        return value

    @field_validator("elements_ratios", mode="after")
    @classmethod
    def ratios_must_sum_to_one(cls, value: list[float] | None) -> list[float] | None:
        if value is None:
            return value

        if abs(sum(value) - 1) > EPS:
            raise ValueError(
                "elements_ratios MUST sum to 1 within (at least single precision) "
                f"floating point accuracy. It sums to: {sum(value)}"
            )
        return value

    @model_validator(mode="after")
    def check_dimensions_types_dependencies(self) -> "StructureResourceAttributes":
        if self.nperiodic_dimensions is not None:
            if self.dimension_types and self.nperiodic_dimensions != sum(
                self.dimension_types
            ):
                raise ValueError(
                    f"nperiodic_dimensions ({self.nperiodic_dimensions}) does not match "
                    f"expected value of {sum(self.dimension_types)} from dimension_types "
                    f"({self.dimension_types})"
                )

        if self.lattice_vectors is not None:
            if self.dimension_types:
                for dim_type, vector in zip(self.dimension_types, self.lattice_vectors):
                    if None in vector and dim_type == Periodicity.PERIODIC.value:
                        raise ValueError(
                            f"Null entries in lattice vectors are only permitted when the "
                            "corresponding dimension type is "
                            f"{Periodicity.APERIODIC.value}. Here: dimension_types = "
                            f"{tuple(getattr(_, 'value', None) for _ in self.dimension_types)},"
                            f" lattice_vectors = {self.lattice_vectors}"
                        )

        return self

    @field_validator("lattice_vectors", mode="after")
    @classmethod
    def null_values_for_whole_vector(
        cls,
        value: None
        | (Annotated[list[Vector3D_unknown], Field(min_length=3, max_length=3)]),
    ) -> Annotated[list[Vector3D_unknown], Field(min_length=3, max_length=3)] | None:
        if value is None:
            return value

        for vector in value:
            if None in vector and any(isinstance(_, float) for _ in vector):
                raise ValueError(
                    "A lattice vector MUST be either all `null` or all numbers "
                    f"(vector: {vector}, all vectors: {value})"
                )
        return value

    @model_validator(mode="after")
    def validate_nsites(self) -> "StructureResourceAttributes":
        if self.nsites is None:
            return self

        if self.cartesian_site_positions and self.nsites != len(
            self.cartesian_site_positions
        ):
            raise ValueError(
                f"nsites (value: {self.nsites}) MUST equal length of "
                "cartesian_site_positions (value: "
                f"{len(self.cartesian_site_positions)})"
            )
        return self

    @model_validator(mode="after")
    def validate_species_at_sites(self) -> "StructureResourceAttributes":
        if self.species_at_sites is None:
            return self

        if self.nsites and len(self.species_at_sites) != self.nsites:
            raise ValueError(
                f"Number of species_at_sites (value: {len(self.species_at_sites)}) "
                f"MUST equal number of sites (value: {self.nsites})"
            )

        if self.species:
            all_species_names = {_.name for _ in self.species}

            for species_at_site in self.species_at_sites:
                if species_at_site not in all_species_names:
                    raise ValueError(
                        "species_at_sites MUST be represented by a species' name, "
                        f"but {species_at_site} was not found in the list of species "
                        f"names: {all_species_names}"
                    )

        return self

    @field_validator("species", mode="after")
    @classmethod
    def validate_species(cls, value: list[Species] | None) -> list[Species] | None:
        if value is None:
            return value

        all_species = [_.name for _ in value]
        unique_species = set(all_species)
        if len(all_species) != len(unique_species):
            raise ValueError(
                f"Species MUST be unique based on their 'name'. Found species names: {all_species}"
            )

        return value

    @model_validator(mode="after")
    def validate_structure_features(self) -> "StructureResourceAttributes":
        if [
            StructureFeatures(value)
            for value in sorted(_.value for _ in self.structure_features)
        ] != self.structure_features:
            raise ValueError(
                "structure_features MUST be sorted alphabetically, structure_features: "
                f"{self.structure_features}"
            )

        # assemblies
        if self.assemblies is not None:
            if StructureFeatures.ASSEMBLIES not in self.structure_features:
                raise ValueError(
                    f"{StructureFeatures.ASSEMBLIES.value} MUST be present, since the "
                    "property of the same name is present"
                )
        elif StructureFeatures.ASSEMBLIES in self.structure_features:
            raise ValueError(
                f"{StructureFeatures.ASSEMBLIES.value} MUST NOT be present, "
                "since the property of the same name is not present"
            )

        if self.species:
            # disorder
            for species in self.species:
                if len(species.chemical_symbols) > 1:
                    if StructureFeatures.DISORDER not in self.structure_features:
                        raise ValueError(
                            f"{StructureFeatures.DISORDER.value} MUST be present when "
                            "any one entry in species has a chemical_symbols list "
                            "greater than one element"
                        )
                    break
            else:
                if StructureFeatures.DISORDER in self.structure_features:
                    raise ValueError(
                        f"{StructureFeatures.DISORDER.value} MUST NOT be present, "
                        "since all species' chemical_symbols lists are equal to or "
                        "less than one element"
                    )

            # site_attachments
            for species in self.species:
                # There is no need to also test "nattached",
                # since a Species validator makes sure either both are present or both are None.
                if species.attached is not None:
                    if (
                        StructureFeatures.SITE_ATTACHMENTS
                        not in self.structure_features
                    ):
                        raise ValueError(
                            f"{StructureFeatures.SITE_ATTACHMENTS.value} MUST be "
                            "present when any one entry in species includes attached "
                            "and nattached"
                        )
                    break
            else:
                if StructureFeatures.SITE_ATTACHMENTS in self.structure_features:
                    raise ValueError(
                        f"{StructureFeatures.SITE_ATTACHMENTS.value} MUST NOT be "
                        "present, since no species includes the attached and nattached"
                        " fields"
                    )

            # implicit_atoms
            for name in [_.name for _ in self.species]:
                if (
                    self.species_at_sites is not None
                    and name not in self.species_at_sites
                ):
                    if StructureFeatures.IMPLICIT_ATOMS not in self.structure_features:
                        raise ValueError(
                            f"{StructureFeatures.IMPLICIT_ATOMS.value} MUST be present"
                            " when any one entry in species is not represented in "
                            "species_at_sites"
                        )
                    break
            else:
                if StructureFeatures.IMPLICIT_ATOMS in self.structure_features:
                    raise ValueError(
                        f"{StructureFeatures.IMPLICIT_ATOMS.value} MUST NOT be "
                        "present, since all species are represented in species_at_sites"
                    )

        return self

assemblies: Annotated[list[Assembly] | None, OptimadeField(description='A description of groups of sites that are statistically correlated.\n\n- **Type**: list of dictionary with keys:\n - `sites_in_groups`: list of list of integers (REQUIRED)\n - `group_probabilities`: list of floats (REQUIRED)\n\n- **Requirements/Conventions**:\n - **Support**: OPTIONAL support in implementations, i.e., MAY be `null`.\n - **Query**: Support for queries on this property is OPTIONAL.\n If supported, filters MAY support only a subset of comparison operators.\n - The property SHOULD be `null` for entries that have no partial occupancies.\n - If present, the correct flag MUST be set in the list `structure_features`.\n - Client implementations MUST check its presence (as its presence changes the interpretation of the structure).\n - If present, it MUST be a list of dictionaries, each of which represents an assembly and MUST have the following two keys:\n - **sites_in_groups**: Index of the sites (0-based) that belong to each group for each assembly.\n\n Example: `[[1], [2]]`: two groups, one with the second site, one with the third.\n Example: `[[1,2], [3]]`: one group with the second and third site, one with the fourth.\n\n - **group_probabilities**: Statistical probability of each group. It MUST have the same length as `sites_in_groups`.\n It SHOULD sum to one.\n See below for examples of how to specify the probability of the occurrence of a vacancy.\n The possible reasons for the values not to sum to one are the same as already specified above for the `concentration` of each `species`.\n\n - If a site is not present in any group, it means that it is present with 100 % probability (as if no assembly was specified).\n - A site MUST NOT appear in more than one group.\n\n- **Examples** (for each entry of the assemblies list):\n - `{"sites_in_groups": [[0], [1]], "group_probabilities: [0.3, 0.7]}`: the first site and the second site never occur at the same time in the unit cell.\n Statistically, 30 % of the times the first site is present, while 70 % of the times the second site is present.\n - `{"sites_in_groups": [[1,2], [3]], "group_probabilities: [0.3, 0.7]}`: the second and third site are either present together or not present; they form the first group of atoms for this assembly.\n The second group is formed by the fourth site.\n Sites of the first group (the second and the third) are never present at the same time as the fourth site.\n 30 % of times sites 1 and 2 are present (and site 3 is absent); 70 % of times site 3 is present (and sites 1 and 2 are absent).\n\n- **Notes**:\n - Assemblies are essential to represent, for instance, the situation where an atom can statistically occupy two different positions (sites).\n\n - By defining groups, it is possible to represent, e.g., the case where a functional molecule (and not just one atom) is either present or absent (or the case where it it is present in two conformations)\n\n - Considerations on virtual alloys and on vacancies: In the special case of a virtual alloy, these specifications allow two different, equivalent ways of specifying them.\n For instance, for a site at the origin with 30 % probability of being occupied by Si, 50 % probability of being occupied by Ge, and 20 % of being a vacancy, the following two representations are possible:\n\n - Using a single species:\n ```json\n {\n "cartesian_site_positions": [[0,0,0]],\n "species_at_sites": ["SiGe-vac"],\n "species": [\n {\n "name": "SiGe-vac",\n "chemical_symbols": ["Si", "Ge", "vacancy"],\n "concentration": [0.3, 0.5, 0.2]\n }\n ]\n // ...\n }\n ```\n\n - Using multiple species and the assemblies:\n ```json\n {\n "cartesian_site_positions": [ [0,0,0], [0,0,0], [0,0,0] ],\n "species_at_sites": ["Si", "Ge", "vac"],\n "species": [\n { "name": "Si", "chemical_symbols": ["Si"], "concentration": [1.0] },\n { "name": "Ge", "chemical_symbols": ["Ge"], "concentration": [1.0] },\n { "name": "vac", "chemical_symbols": ["vacancy"], "concentration": [1.0] }\n ],\n "assemblies": [\n {\n "sites_in_groups": [ [0], [1], [2] ],\n "group_probabilities": [0.3, 0.5, 0.2]\n }\n ]\n // ...\n }\n ```\n\n - It is up to the database provider to decide which representation to use, typically depending on the internal format in which the structure is stored.\n However, given a structure identified by a unique ID, the API implementation MUST always provide the same representation for it.\n\n - The probabilities of occurrence of different assemblies are uncorrelated.\n So, for instance in the following case with two assemblies:\n ```json\n {\n "assemblies": [\n {\n "sites_in_groups": [ [0], [1] ],\n "group_probabilities": [0.2, 0.8],\n },\n {\n "sites_in_groups": [ [2], [3] ],\n "group_probabilities": [0.3, 0.7]\n }\n ]\n }\n ```\n\n Site 0 is present with a probability of 20 % and site 1 with a probability of 80 %. These two sites are correlated (either site 0 or 1 is present). Similarly, site 2 is present with a probability of 30 % and site 3 with a probability of 70 %.\n These two sites are correlated (either site 2 or 3 is present).\n However, the presence or absence of sites 0 and 1 is not correlated with the presence or absence of sites 2 and 3 (in the specific example, the pair of sites (0, 2) can occur with 0.2*0.3 = 6 % probability; the pair (0, 3) with 0.2*0.7 = 14 % probability; the pair (1, 2) with 0.8*0.3 = 24 % probability; and the pair (1, 3) with 0.8*0.7 = 56 % probability).', support=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL, queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

cartesian_site_positions: Annotated[list[Vector3D] | None, OptimadeField(description='Cartesian positions of each site in the structure.\nA site is usually used to describe positions of atoms; what atoms can be encountered at a given site is conveyed by the `species_at_sites` property, and the species themselves are described in the `species` property.\n\n- **Type**: list of list of floats\n\n- **Requirements/Conventions**:\n - **Support**: SHOULD be supported by all implementations, i.e., SHOULD NOT be `null`.\n - **Query**: Support for queries on this property is OPTIONAL.\n If supported, filters MAY support only a subset of comparison operators.\n - It MUST be a list of length equal to the number of sites in the structure, where every element is a list of the three Cartesian coordinates of a site expressed as float values in the unit angstrom (Å).\n - An entry MAY have multiple sites at the same Cartesian position (for a relevant use of this, see e.g., the property `assemblies`).\n\n- **Examples**:\n - `[[0,0,0],[0,0,2]]` indicates a structure with two sites, one sitting at the origin and one along the (positive) *z*-axis, 2 Å away from the origin.', unit=Å, support=SupportLevel.SHOULD, queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

chemical_formula_anonymous: Annotated[str | None, OptimadeField(description='The anonymous formula is the `chemical_formula_reduced`, but where the elements are instead first ordered by their chemical proportion number, and then, in order left to right, replaced by anonymous symbols A, B, C, ..., Z, Aa, Ba, ..., Za, Ab, Bb, ... and so on.\n\n- **Type**: string\n\n- **Requirements/Conventions**:\n - **Support**: SHOULD be supported by all implementations, i.e., SHOULD NOT be `null`.\n - **Query**: MUST be a queryable property.\n However, support for filters using partial string matching with this property is OPTIONAL (i.e., BEGINS WITH, ENDS WITH, and CONTAINS).\n\n- **Examples**:\n - `"A2B"`\n - `"A42B42C16D12E10F9G5"`\n\n- **Querying**:\n - A filter that matches an exactly given formula is `chemical_formula_anonymous="A2B"`.', support=SupportLevel.SHOULD, queryable=SupportLevel.MUST, pattern=CHEMICAL_FORMULA_REGEXP)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

chemical_formula_descriptive: Annotated[str | None, OptimadeField(description='The chemical formula for a structure as a string in a form chosen by the API implementation.\n\n- **Type**: string\n\n- **Requirements/Conventions**:\n - **Support**: SHOULD be supported by all implementations, i.e., SHOULD NOT be `null`.\n - **Query**: MUST be a queryable property with support for all mandatory filter features.\n - The chemical formula is given as a string consisting of properly capitalized element symbols followed by integers or decimal numbers, balanced parentheses, square, and curly brackets `(`,`)`, `[`,`]`, `{`, `}`, commas, the `+`, `-`, `:` and `=` symbols. The parentheses are allowed to be followed by a number. Spaces are allowed anywhere except within chemical symbols. The order of elements and any groupings indicated by parentheses or brackets are chosen freely by the API implementation.\n - The string SHOULD be arithmetically consistent with the element ratios in the `chemical_formula_reduced` property.\n - It is RECOMMENDED, but not mandatory, that symbols, parentheses and brackets, if used, are used with the meanings prescribed by [IUPAC\'s Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry](https://www.qmul.ac.uk/sbcs/iupac/bibliog/blue.html).\n\n- **Examples**:\n - `"(H2O)2 Na"`\n - `"NaCl"`\n - `"CaCO3"`\n - `"CCaO3"`\n - `"(CH3)3N+ - [CH2]2-OH = Me3N+ - CH2 - CH2OH"`\n\n- **Query examples**:\n - Note: the free-form nature of this property is likely to make queries on it across different databases inconsistent.\n - A filter that matches an exactly given formula: `chemical_formula_descriptive="(H2O)2 Na"`.\n - A filter that does a partial match: `chemical_formula_descriptive CONTAINS "H2O"`.', support=SupportLevel.SHOULD, queryable=SupportLevel.MUST)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

chemical_formula_hill: Annotated[str | None, OptimadeField(description='The chemical formula for a structure in [Hill form](https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja02046a005) with element symbols followed by integer chemical proportion numbers. The proportion number MUST be omitted if it is 1.\n\n- **Type**: string\n\n- **Requirements/Conventions**:\n - **Support**: OPTIONAL support in implementations, i.e., MAY be `null`.\n - **Query**: Support for queries on this property is OPTIONAL.\n If supported, only a subset of the filter features MAY be supported.\n - The overall scale factor of the chemical proportions is chosen such that the resulting values are integers that indicate the most chemically relevant unit of which the system is composed.\n For example, if the structure is a repeating unit cell with four hydrogens and four oxygens that represents two hydroperoxide molecules, `chemical_formula_hill` is `"H2O2"` (i.e., not `"HO"`, nor `"H4O4"`).\n - If the chemical insight needed to ascribe a Hill formula to the system is not present, the property MUST be handled as unset.\n - Element symbols MUST have proper capitalization (e.g., `"Si"`, not `"SI"` for "silicon").\n - Elements MUST be placed in [Hill order](https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja02046a005), followed by their integer chemical proportion number.\n Hill order means: if carbon is present, it is placed first, and if also present, hydrogen is placed second.\n After that, all other elements are ordered alphabetically.\n If carbon is not present, all elements are ordered alphabetically.\n - If the system has sites with partial occupation and the total occupations of each element do not all sum up to integers, then the Hill formula SHOULD be handled as unset.\n - No spaces or separators are allowed.\n\n- **Examples**:\n - `"H2O2"`\n\n- **Query examples**:\n - A filter that matches an exactly given formula is `chemical_formula_hill="H2O2"`.', support=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL, queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL, pattern=CHEMICAL_FORMULA_REGEXP)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

chemical_formula_reduced: Annotated[str | None, OptimadeField(description='The reduced chemical formula for a structure as a string with element symbols and integer chemical proportion numbers.\nThe proportion number MUST be omitted if it is 1.\n\n- **Type**: string\n\n- **Requirements/Conventions**:\n - **Support**: SHOULD be supported by all implementations, i.e., SHOULD NOT be `null`.\n - **Query**: MUST be a queryable property.\n However, support for filters using partial string matching with this property is OPTIONAL (i.e., BEGINS WITH, ENDS WITH, and CONTAINS).\n Intricate queries on formula components are instead suggested to be formulated using set-type filter operators on the multi valued `elements` and `elements_ratios` properties.\n - Element symbols MUST have proper capitalization (e.g., `"Si"`, not `"SI"` for "silicon").\n - Elements MUST be placed in alphabetical order, followed by their integer chemical proportion number.\n - For structures with no partial occupation, the chemical proportion numbers are the smallest integers for which the chemical proportion is exactly correct.\n - For structures with partial occupation, the chemical proportion numbers are integers that within reasonable approximation indicate the correct chemical proportions. The precise details of how to perform the rounding is chosen by the API implementation.\n - No spaces or separators are allowed.\n\n- **Examples**:\n - `"H2NaO"`\n - `"ClNa"`\n - `"CCaO3"`\n\n- **Query examples**:\n - A filter that matches an exactly given formula is `chemical_formula_reduced="H2NaO"`.', support=SupportLevel.SHOULD, queryable=SupportLevel.MUST, pattern=CHEMICAL_FORMULA_REGEXP)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

dimension_types: Annotated[list[Periodicity] | None, OptimadeField(min_length=3, max_length=3, title='Dimension Types', description='List of three integers.\nFor each of the three directions indicated by the three lattice vectors (see property `lattice_vectors`), this list indicates if the direction is periodic (value `1`) or non-periodic (value `0`).\nNote: the elements in this list each refer to the direction of the corresponding entry in `lattice_vectors` and *not* the Cartesian x, y, z directions.\n\n- **Type**: list of integers.\n\n- **Requirements/Conventions**:\n - **Support**: SHOULD be supported by all implementations, i.e., SHOULD NOT be `null`.\n - **Query**: Support for queries on this property is OPTIONAL.\n - MUST be a list of length 3.\n - Each integer element MUST assume only the value 0 or 1.\n\n- **Examples**:\n - For a molecule: `[0, 0, 0]`\n - For a wire along the direction specified by the third lattice vector: `[0, 0, 1]`\n - For a 2D surface/slab, periodic on the plane defined by the first and third lattice vectors: `[1, 0, 1]`\n - For a bulk 3D system: `[1, 1, 1]`', support=SupportLevel.SHOULD, queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

elements: Annotated[list[str] | None, OptimadeField(description='The chemical symbols of the different elements present in the structure.\n\n- **Type**: list of strings.\n\n- **Requirements/Conventions**:\n - **Support**: SHOULD be supported by all implementations, i.e., SHOULD NOT be `null`.\n - **Query**: MUST be a queryable property with support for all mandatory filter features.\n - The strings are the chemical symbols, i.e., either a single uppercase letter or an uppercase letter followed by a number of lowercase letters.\n - The order MUST be alphabetical.\n - MUST refer to the same elements in the same order, and therefore be of the same length, as `elements_ratios`, if the latter is provided.\n - Note: This property SHOULD NOT contain the string "X" to indicate non-chemical elements or "vacancy" to indicate vacancies (in contrast to the field `chemical_symbols` for the `species` property).\n\n- **Examples**:\n - `["Si"]`\n - `["Al","O","Si"]`\n\n- **Query examples**:\n - A filter that matches all records of structures that contain Si, Al **and** O, and possibly other elements: `elements HAS ALL "Si", "Al", "O"`.\n - To match structures with exactly these three elements, use `elements HAS ALL "Si", "Al", "O" AND elements LENGTH 3`.\n - Note: length queries on this property can be equivalently formulated by filtering on the `nelements`_ property directly.', support=SupportLevel.SHOULD, queryable=SupportLevel.MUST)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

elements_ratios: Annotated[list[float] | None, OptimadeField(description='Relative proportions of different elements in the structure.\n\n- **Type**: list of floats\n\n- **Requirements/Conventions**:\n - **Support**: SHOULD be supported by all implementations, i.e., SHOULD NOT be `null`.\n - **Query**: MUST be a queryable property with support for all mandatory filter features.\n - Composed by the proportions of elements in the structure as a list of floating point numbers.\n - The sum of the numbers MUST be 1.0 (within floating point accuracy)\n - MUST refer to the same elements in the same order, and therefore be of the same length, as `elements`, if the latter is provided.\n\n- **Examples**:\n - `[1.0]`\n - `[0.3333333333333333, 0.2222222222222222, 0.4444444444444444]`\n\n- **Query examples**:\n - Note: Useful filters can be formulated using the set operator syntax for correlated values.\n However, since the values are floating point values, the use of equality comparisons is generally inadvisable.\n - OPTIONAL: a filter that matches structures where approximately 1/3 of the atoms in the structure are the element Al is: `elements:elements_ratios HAS ALL "Al":>0.3333, "Al":<0.3334`.', support=SupportLevel.SHOULD, queryable=SupportLevel.MUST)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

immutable_id: Annotated[str | None, OptimadeField(description='The entry\'s immutable ID (e.g., an UUID). This is important for databases having preferred IDs that point to "the latest version" of a record, but still offer access to older variants. This ID maps to the version-specific record, in case it changes in the future.\n\n- **Type**: string.\n\n- **Requirements/Conventions**:\n - **Support**: OPTIONAL support in implementations, i.e., MAY be `null`.\n - **Query**: MUST be a queryable property with support for all mandatory filter features.\n\n- **Examples**:\n - `"8bd3e750-b477-41a0-9b11-3a799f21b44f"`\n - `"fjeiwoj,54;@=%<>#32"` (Strings that are not URL-safe are allowed.)', support=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL, queryable=SupportLevel.MUST)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

last_modified: Annotated[datetime | None, OptimadeField(description='Date and time representing when the entry was last modified.\n\n- **Type**: timestamp.\n\n- **Requirements/Conventions**:\n - **Support**: SHOULD be supported by all implementations, i.e., SHOULD NOT be `null`.\n - **Query**: MUST be a queryable property with support for all mandatory filter features.\n - **Response**: REQUIRED in the response unless the query parameter `response_fields` is present and does not include this property.\n\n- **Example**:\n - As part of JSON response format: `"2007-04-05T14:30:20Z"` (i.e., encoded as an [RFC 3339 Internet Date/Time Format](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3339#section-5.6) string.)', support=SupportLevel.SHOULD, queryable=SupportLevel.MUST)] instance-attribute

lattice_vectors: Annotated[list[Vector3D_unknown] | None, OptimadeField(min_length=3, max_length=3, description="The three lattice vectors in Cartesian coordinates, in ångström (Å).\n\n- **Type**: list of list of floats or unknown values.\n\n- **Requirements/Conventions**:\n - **Support**: SHOULD be supported by all implementations, i.e., SHOULD NOT be `null`.\n - **Query**: Support for queries on this property is OPTIONAL.\n If supported, filters MAY support only a subset of comparison operators.\n - MUST be a list of three vectors *a*, *b*, and *c*, where each of the vectors MUST BE a list of the vector's coordinates along the x, y, and z Cartesian coordinates.\n (Therefore, the first index runs over the three lattice vectors and the second index runs over the x, y, z Cartesian coordinates).\n - For databases that do not define an absolute Cartesian system (e.g., only defining the length and angles between vectors), the first lattice vector SHOULD be set along *x* and the second on the *xy*-plane.\n - MUST always contain three vectors of three coordinates each, independently of the elements of property `dimension_types`.\n The vectors SHOULD by convention be chosen so the determinant of the `lattice_vectors` matrix is different from zero.\n The vectors in the non-periodic directions have no significance beyond fulfilling these requirements.\n - The coordinates of the lattice vectors of non-periodic dimensions (i.e., those dimensions for which `dimension_types` is `0`) MAY be given as a list of all `null` values.\n If a lattice vector contains the value `null`, all coordinates of that lattice vector MUST be `null`.\n\n- **Examples**:\n - `[[4.0,0.0,0.0],[0.0,4.0,0.0],[0.0,1.0,4.0]]` represents a cell, where the first vector is `(4, 0, 0)`, i.e., a vector aligned along the `x` axis of length 4 Å; the second vector is `(0, 4, 0)`; and the third vector is `(0, 1, 4)`.", unit=Å, support=SupportLevel.SHOULD, queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

model_config = ConfigDict(extra='allow') class-attribute instance-attribute

nelements: Annotated[int | None, OptimadeField(description='Number of different elements in the structure as an integer.\n\n- **Type**: integer\n\n- **Requirements/Conventions**:\n - **Support**: SHOULD be supported by all implementations, i.e., SHOULD NOT be `null`.\n - **Query**: MUST be a queryable property with support for all mandatory filter features.\n - MUST be equal to the lengths of the list properties `elements` and `elements_ratios`, if they are provided.\n\n- **Examples**:\n - `3`\n\n- **Querying**:\n - Note: queries on this property can equivalently be formulated using `elements LENGTH`.\n - A filter that matches structures that have exactly 4 elements: `nelements=4`.\n - A filter that matches structures that have between 2 and 7 elements: `nelements>=2 AND nelements<=7`.', support=SupportLevel.SHOULD, queryable=SupportLevel.MUST)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

nperiodic_dimensions: Annotated[int | None, OptimadeField(description='An integer specifying the number of periodic dimensions in the structure, equivalent to the number of non-zero entries in `dimension_types`.\n\n- **Type**: integer\n\n- **Requirements/Conventions**:\n - **Support**: SHOULD be supported by all implementations, i.e., SHOULD NOT be `null`.\n - **Query**: MUST be a queryable property with support for all mandatory filter features.\n - The integer value MUST be between 0 and 3 inclusive and MUST be equal to the sum of the items in the `dimension_types` property.\n - This property only reflects the treatment of the lattice vectors provided for the structure, and not any physical interpretation of the dimensionality of its contents.\n\n- **Examples**:\n - `2` should be indicated in cases where `dimension_types` is any of `[1, 1, 0]`, `[1, 0, 1]`, `[0, 1, 1]`.\n\n- **Query examples**:\n - Match only structures with exactly 3 periodic dimensions: `nperiodic_dimensions=3`\n - Match all structures with 2 or fewer periodic dimensions: `nperiodic_dimensions<=2`', support=SupportLevel.SHOULD, queryable=SupportLevel.MUST)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

nsites: Annotated[int | None, OptimadeField(description='An integer specifying the length of the `cartesian_site_positions` property.\n\n- **Type**: integer\n\n- **Requirements/Conventions**:\n - **Support**: SHOULD be supported by all implementations, i.e., SHOULD NOT be `null`.\n - **Query**: MUST be a queryable property with support for all mandatory filter features.\n\n- **Examples**:\n - `42`\n\n- **Query examples**:\n - Match only structures with exactly 4 sites: `nsites=4`\n - Match structures that have between 2 and 7 sites: `nsites>=2 AND nsites<=7`', queryable=SupportLevel.MUST, support=SupportLevel.SHOULD)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

species: Annotated[list[Species] | None, OptimadeField(description='A list describing the species of the sites of this structure.\nSpecies can represent pure chemical elements, virtual-crystal atoms representing a statistical occupation of a given site by multiple chemical elements, and/or a location to which there are attached atoms, i.e., atoms whose precise location are unknown beyond that they are attached to that position (frequently used to indicate hydrogen atoms attached to another element, e.g., a carbon with three attached hydrogens might represent a methyl group, -CH3).\n\n- **Type**: list of dictionary with keys:\n - `name`: string (REQUIRED)\n - `chemical_symbols`: list of strings (REQUIRED)\n - `concentration`: list of float (REQUIRED)\n - `attached`: list of strings (REQUIRED)\n - `nattached`: list of integers (OPTIONAL)\n - `mass`: list of floats (OPTIONAL)\n - `original_name`: string (OPTIONAL).\n\n- **Requirements/Conventions**:\n - **Support**: SHOULD be supported by all implementations, i.e., SHOULD NOT be `null`.\n - **Query**: Support for queries on this property is OPTIONAL.\n If supported, filters MAY support only a subset of comparison operators.\n - Each list member MUST be a dictionary with the following keys:\n - **name**: REQUIRED; gives the name of the species; the **name** value MUST be unique in the `species` list;\n - **chemical_symbols**: REQUIRED; MUST be a list of strings of all chemical elements composing this species.\n Each item of the list MUST be one of the following:\n - a valid chemical-element symbol, or\n - the special value `"X"` to represent a non-chemical element, or\n - the special value `"vacancy"` to represent that this site has a non-zero probability of having a vacancy (the respective probability is indicated in the `concentration` list, see below).\n\n If any one entry in the `species` list has a `chemical_symbols` list that is longer than 1 element, the correct flag MUST be set in the list `structure_features`.\n\n - **concentration**: REQUIRED; MUST be a list of floats, with same length as `chemical_symbols`.\n The numbers represent the relative concentration of the corresponding chemical symbol in this species.\n The numbers SHOULD sum to one. Cases in which the numbers do not sum to one typically fall only in the following two categories:\n\n - Numerical errors when representing float numbers in fixed precision, e.g. for two chemical symbols with concentrations `1/3` and `2/3`, the concentration might look something like `[0.33333333333, 0.66666666666]`. If the client is aware that the sum is not one because of numerical precision, it can renormalize the values so that the sum is exactly one.\n - Experimental errors in the data present in the database. In this case, it is the responsibility of the client to decide how to process the data.\n\n Note that concentrations are uncorrelated between different sites (even of the same species).\n\n - **attached**: OPTIONAL; if provided MUST be a list of length 1 or more of strings of chemical symbols for the elements attached to this site, or "X" for a non-chemical element.\n\n - **nattached**: OPTIONAL; if provided MUST be a list of length 1 or more of integers indicating the number of attached atoms of the kind specified in the value of the `attached` key.\n\n The implementation MUST include either both or none of the `attached` and `nattached` keys, and if they are provided, they MUST be of the same length.\n Furthermore, if they are provided, the `structure_features` property MUST include the string `site_attachments`.\n\n - **mass**: OPTIONAL. If present MUST be a list of floats, with the same length as `chemical_symbols`, providing element masses expressed in a.m.u.\n Elements denoting vacancies MUST have masses equal to 0.\n\n - **original_name**: OPTIONAL. Can be any valid Unicode string, and SHOULD contain (if specified) the name of the species that is used internally in the source database.\n\n Note: With regards to "source database", we refer to the immediate source being queried via the OPTIMADE API implementation.\n\n The main use of this field is for source databases that use species names, containing characters that are not allowed (see description of the list property `species_at_sites`).\n\n - For systems that have only species formed by a single chemical symbol, and that have at most one species per chemical symbol, SHOULD use the chemical symbol as species name (e.g., `"Ti"` for titanium, `"O"` for oxygen, etc.)\n However, note that this is OPTIONAL, and client implementations MUST NOT assume that the key corresponds to a chemical symbol, nor assume that if the species name is a valid chemical symbol, that it represents a species with that chemical symbol.\n This means that a species `{"name": "C", "chemical_symbols": ["Ti"], "concentration": [1.0]}` is valid and represents a titanium species (and *not* a carbon species).\n - It is NOT RECOMMENDED that a structure includes species that do not have at least one corresponding site.\n\n- **Examples**:\n - `[ {"name": "Ti", "chemical_symbols": ["Ti"], "concentration": [1.0]} ]`: any site with this species is occupied by a Ti atom.\n - `[ {"name": "Ti", "chemical_symbols": ["Ti", "vacancy"], "concentration": [0.9, 0.1]} ]`: any site with this species is occupied by a Ti atom with 90 % probability, and has a vacancy with 10 % probability.\n - `[ {"name": "BaCa", "chemical_symbols": ["vacancy", "Ba", "Ca"], "concentration": [0.05, 0.45, 0.5], "mass": [0.0, 137.327, 40.078]} ]`: any site with this species is occupied by a Ba atom with 45 % probability, a Ca atom with 50 % probability, and by a vacancy with 5 % probability. The mass of this site is (on average) 88.5 a.m.u.\n - `[ {"name": "C12", "chemical_symbols": ["C"], "concentration": [1.0], "mass": [12.0]} ]`: any site with this species is occupied by a carbon isotope with mass 12.\n - `[ {"name": "C13", "chemical_symbols": ["C"], "concentration": [1.0], "mass": [13.0]} ]`: any site with this species is occupied by a carbon isotope with mass 13.\n - `[ {"name": "CH3", "chemical_symbols": ["C"], "concentration": [1.0], "attached": ["H"], "nattached": [3]} ]`: any site with this species is occupied by a methyl group, -CH3, which is represented without specifying precise positions of the hydrogen atoms.', support=SupportLevel.SHOULD, queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

species_at_sites: Annotated[list[str] | None, OptimadeField(description='Name of the species at each site (where values for sites are specified with the same order of the property `cartesian_site_positions`).\nThe properties of the species are found in the property `species`.\n\n- **Type**: list of strings.\n\n- **Requirements/Conventions**:\n - **Support**: SHOULD be supported by all implementations, i.e., SHOULD NOT be `null`.\n - **Query**: Support for queries on this property is OPTIONAL.\n If supported, filters MAY support only a subset of comparison operators.\n - MUST have length equal to the number of sites in the structure (first dimension of the list property `cartesian_site_positions`).\n - Each species name mentioned in the `species_at_sites` list MUST be described in the list property `species` (i.e. for each value in the `species_at_sites` list there MUST exist exactly one dictionary in the `species` list with the `name` attribute equal to the corresponding `species_at_sites` value).\n - Each site MUST be associated only to a single species.\n **Note**: However, species can represent mixtures of atoms, and multiple species MAY be defined for the same chemical element.\n This latter case is useful when different atoms of the same type need to be grouped or distinguished, for instance in simulation codes to assign different initial spin states.\n\n- **Examples**:\n - `["Ti","O2"]` indicates that the first site is hosting a species labeled `"Ti"` and the second a species labeled `"O2"`.\n - `["Ac", "Ac", "Ag", "Ir"]` indicating the first two sites contains the `"Ac"` species, while the third and fourth sites contain the `"Ag"` and `"Ir"` species, respectively.', support=SupportLevel.SHOULD, queryable=SupportLevel.OPTIONAL)] = None class-attribute instance-attribute

structure_features: Annotated[list[StructureFeatures], OptimadeField(title='Structure Features', description='A list of strings that flag which special features are used by the structure.\n\n- **Type**: list of strings\n\n- **Requirements/Conventions**:\n - **Support**: MUST be supported by all implementations, MUST NOT be `null`.\n - **Query**: MUST be a queryable property.\n Filters on the list MUST support all mandatory HAS-type queries.\n Filter operators for comparisons on the string components MUST support equality, support for other comparison operators are OPTIONAL.\n - MUST be an empty list if no special features are used.\n - MUST be sorted alphabetically.\n - If a special feature listed below is used, the list MUST contain the corresponding string.\n - If a special feature listed below is not used, the list MUST NOT contain the corresponding string.\n - **List of strings used to indicate special structure features**:\n - `disorder`: this flag MUST be present if any one entry in the `species` list has a `chemical_symbols` list that is longer than 1 element.\n - `implicit_atoms`: this flag MUST be present if the structure contains atoms that are not assigned to sites via the property `species_at_sites` (e.g., because their positions are unknown).\n When this flag is present, the properties related to the chemical formula will likely not match the type and count of atoms represented by the `species_at_sites`, `species` and `assemblies` properties.\n - `site_attachments`: this flag MUST be present if any one entry in the `species` list includes `attached` and `nattached`.\n - `assemblies`: this flag MUST be present if the property `assemblies` is present.\n\n- **Examples**: A structure having implicit atoms and using assemblies: `["assemblies", "implicit_atoms"]`', support=SupportLevel.MUST, queryable=SupportLevel.MUST)] instance-attribute

cast_immutable_id_to_str(value) classmethod

Convenience validator for casting immutable_id to a string.

Source code in optimade/models/entries.py 
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@field_validator("immutable_id", mode="before")
@classmethod
def cast_immutable_id_to_str(cls, value: Any) -> str:
    """Convenience validator for casting `immutable_id` to a string."""
    if value is not None and not isinstance(value, str):
        value = str(value)

    return value

check_anonymous_formula(value) classmethod

Source code in optimade/models/structures.py 
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@field_validator("chemical_formula_anonymous", mode="after")
@classmethod
def check_anonymous_formula(cls, value: str | None) -> str | None:
    if value is None:
        return value

    elements = tuple(re.findall(r"[A-Z][a-z]*", value))
    numbers = re.split(r"[A-Z][a-z]*", value)[1:]
    numbers = [int(i) if i else 1 for i in numbers]

    expected_labels = ANONYMOUS_ELEMENTS[: len(elements)]
    expected_numbers = sorted(numbers, reverse=True)

    if expected_numbers != numbers:
        raise ValueError(
            f"'chemical_formula_anonymous' {value} has wrong order: elements with "
            f"highest proportion should appear first: {numbers} vs expected "
            f"{expected_numbers}"
        )
    if elements != expected_labels:
        raise ValueError(
            f"'chemical_formula_anonymous' {value} has wrong labels: {elements} vs"
            f" expected {expected_labels}."
        )

    return value

check_dimensions_types_dependencies()

Source code in optimade/models/structures.py 
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@model_validator(mode="after")
def check_dimensions_types_dependencies(self) -> "StructureResourceAttributes":
    if self.nperiodic_dimensions is not None:
        if self.dimension_types and self.nperiodic_dimensions != sum(
            self.dimension_types
        ):
            raise ValueError(
                f"nperiodic_dimensions ({self.nperiodic_dimensions}) does not match "
                f"expected value of {sum(self.dimension_types)} from dimension_types "
                f"({self.dimension_types})"
            )

    if self.lattice_vectors is not None:
        if self.dimension_types:
            for dim_type, vector in zip(self.dimension_types, self.lattice_vectors):
                if None in vector and dim_type == Periodicity.PERIODIC.value:
                    raise ValueError(
                        f"Null entries in lattice vectors are only permitted when the "
                        "corresponding dimension type is "
                        f"{Periodicity.APERIODIC.value}. Here: dimension_types = "
                        f"{tuple(getattr(_, 'value', None) for _ in self.dimension_types)},"
                        f" lattice_vectors = {self.lattice_vectors}"
                    )

    return self

check_illegal_attributes_fields()

Source code in optimade/models/jsonapi.py 
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@model_validator(mode="after")
def check_illegal_attributes_fields(self) -> "Attributes":
    illegal_fields = ("relationships", "links", "id", "type")
    for field in illegal_fields:
        if hasattr(self, field):
            raise ValueError(
                f"{illegal_fields} MUST NOT be fields under Attributes"
            )
    return self

check_ordered_formula(value, info) classmethod

Source code in optimade/models/structures.py 
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@field_validator("chemical_formula_reduced", "chemical_formula_hill", mode="after")
@classmethod
def check_ordered_formula(
    cls, value: str | None, info: "ValidationInfo"
) -> str | None:
    if value is None:
        return value

    elements = re.findall(r"[A-Z][a-z]?", value)
    expected_elements = sorted(elements)

    if info.field_name == "chemical_formula_hill":
        # Make sure C is first (and H is second, if present along with C).
        if "C" in expected_elements:
            expected_elements = sorted(
                expected_elements,
                key=lambda elem: {"C": "0", "H": "1"}.get(elem, elem),
            )

    if any(elem not in CHEMICAL_SYMBOLS for elem in elements):
        raise ValueError(
            f"Cannot use unknown chemical symbols {[elem for elem in elements if elem not in CHEMICAL_SYMBOLS]} in {info.field_name!r}"
        )

    if expected_elements != elements:
        order = (
            "Hill" if info.field_name == "chemical_formula_hill" else "alphabetical"
        )
        raise ValueError(
            f"Elements in {info.field_name!r} must appear in {order} order: {expected_elements} not {elements}."
        )

    return value

check_reduced_formulae(value, info) classmethod

Source code in optimade/models/structures.py 
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@field_validator(
    "chemical_formula_anonymous", "chemical_formula_reduced", mode="after"
)
@classmethod
def check_reduced_formulae(
    cls, value: str | None, info: "ValidationInfo"
) -> str | None:
    if value is None:
        return value

    reduced_formula = reduce_formula(value)
    if reduced_formula != value:
        raise ValueError(
            f"{info.field_name} {value!r} is not properly reduced: expected "
            f"{reduced_formula!r}."
        )

    return value

elements_must_be_alphabetical(value) classmethod

Source code in optimade/models/structures.py 
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@field_validator("elements", mode="after")
@classmethod
def elements_must_be_alphabetical(cls, value: list[str] | None) -> list[str] | None:
    if value is None:
        return value

    if sorted(value) != value:
        raise ValueError(f"elements must be sorted alphabetically, but is: {value}")
    return value

null_values_for_whole_vector(value) classmethod

Source code in optimade/models/structures.py 
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@field_validator("lattice_vectors", mode="after")
@classmethod
def null_values_for_whole_vector(
    cls,
    value: None
    | (Annotated[list[Vector3D_unknown], Field(min_length=3, max_length=3)]),
) -> Annotated[list[Vector3D_unknown], Field(min_length=3, max_length=3)] | None:
    if value is None:
        return value

    for vector in value:
        if None in vector and any(isinstance(_, float) for _ in vector):
            raise ValueError(
                "A lattice vector MUST be either all `null` or all numbers "
                f"(vector: {vector}, all vectors: {value})"
            )
    return value

ratios_must_sum_to_one(value) classmethod

Source code in optimade/models/structures.py 
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@field_validator("elements_ratios", mode="after")
@classmethod
def ratios_must_sum_to_one(cls, value: list[float] | None) -> list[float] | None:
    if value is None:
        return value

    if abs(sum(value) - 1) > EPS:
        raise ValueError(
            "elements_ratios MUST sum to 1 within (at least single precision) "
            f"floating point accuracy. It sums to: {sum(value)}"
        )
    return value

validate_nsites()

Source code in optimade/models/structures.py 
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@model_validator(mode="after")
def validate_nsites(self) -> "StructureResourceAttributes":
    if self.nsites is None:
        return self

    if self.cartesian_site_positions and self.nsites != len(
        self.cartesian_site_positions
    ):
        raise ValueError(
            f"nsites (value: {self.nsites}) MUST equal length of "
            "cartesian_site_positions (value: "
            f"{len(self.cartesian_site_positions)})"
        )
    return self

validate_species(value) classmethod

Source code in optimade/models/structures.py 
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@field_validator("species", mode="after")
@classmethod
def validate_species(cls, value: list[Species] | None) -> list[Species] | None:
    if value is None:
        return value

    all_species = [_.name for _ in value]
    unique_species = set(all_species)
    if len(all_species) != len(unique_species):
        raise ValueError(
            f"Species MUST be unique based on their 'name'. Found species names: {all_species}"
        )

    return value

validate_species_at_sites()

Source code in optimade/models/structures.py 
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@model_validator(mode="after")
def validate_species_at_sites(self) -> "StructureResourceAttributes":
    if self.species_at_sites is None:
        return self

    if self.nsites and len(self.species_at_sites) != self.nsites:
        raise ValueError(
            f"Number of species_at_sites (value: {len(self.species_at_sites)}) "
            f"MUST equal number of sites (value: {self.nsites})"
        )

    if self.species:
        all_species_names = {_.name for _ in self.species}

        for species_at_site in self.species_at_sites:
            if species_at_site not in all_species_names:
                raise ValueError(
                    "species_at_sites MUST be represented by a species' name, "
                    f"but {species_at_site} was not found in the list of species "
                    f"names: {all_species_names}"
                )

    return self

validate_structure_features()

Source code in optimade/models/structures.py 
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@model_validator(mode="after")
def validate_structure_features(self) -> "StructureResourceAttributes":
    if [
        StructureFeatures(value)
        for value in sorted(_.value for _ in self.structure_features)
    ] != self.structure_features:
        raise ValueError(
            "structure_features MUST be sorted alphabetically, structure_features: "
            f"{self.structure_features}"
        )

    # assemblies
    if self.assemblies is not None:
        if StructureFeatures.ASSEMBLIES not in self.structure_features:
            raise ValueError(
                f"{StructureFeatures.ASSEMBLIES.value} MUST be present, since the "
                "property of the same name is present"
            )
    elif StructureFeatures.ASSEMBLIES in self.structure_features:
        raise ValueError(
            f"{StructureFeatures.ASSEMBLIES.value} MUST NOT be present, "
            "since the property of the same name is not present"
        )

    if self.species:
        # disorder
        for species in self.species:
            if len(species.chemical_symbols) > 1:
                if StructureFeatures.DISORDER not in self.structure_features:
                    raise ValueError(
                        f"{StructureFeatures.DISORDER.value} MUST be present when "
                        "any one entry in species has a chemical_symbols list "
                        "greater than one element"
                    )
                break
        else:
            if StructureFeatures.DISORDER in self.structure_features:
                raise ValueError(
                    f"{StructureFeatures.DISORDER.value} MUST NOT be present, "
                    "since all species' chemical_symbols lists are equal to or "
                    "less than one element"
                )

        # site_attachments
        for species in self.species:
            # There is no need to also test "nattached",
            # since a Species validator makes sure either both are present or both are None.
            if species.attached is not None:
                if (
                    StructureFeatures.SITE_ATTACHMENTS
                    not in self.structure_features
                ):
                    raise ValueError(
                        f"{StructureFeatures.SITE_ATTACHMENTS.value} MUST be "
                        "present when any one entry in species includes attached "
                        "and nattached"
                    )
                break
        else:
            if StructureFeatures.SITE_ATTACHMENTS in self.structure_features:
                raise ValueError(
                    f"{StructureFeatures.SITE_ATTACHMENTS.value} MUST NOT be "
                    "present, since no species includes the attached and nattached"
                    " fields"
                )

        # implicit_atoms
        for name in [_.name for _ in self.species]:
            if (
                self.species_at_sites is not None
                and name not in self.species_at_sites
            ):
                if StructureFeatures.IMPLICIT_ATOMS not in self.structure_features:
                    raise ValueError(
                        f"{StructureFeatures.IMPLICIT_ATOMS.value} MUST be present"
                        " when any one entry in species is not represented in "
                        "species_at_sites"
                    )
                break
        else:
            if StructureFeatures.IMPLICIT_ATOMS in self.structure_features:
                raise ValueError(
                    f"{StructureFeatures.IMPLICIT_ATOMS.value} MUST NOT be "
                    "present, since all species are represented in species_at_sites"
                )

    return self

warn_on_missing_correlated_fields()

Emit warnings if a field takes a null value when a value was expected based on the value/nullity of another field.

Source code in optimade/models/structures.py 
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@model_validator(mode="after")
def warn_on_missing_correlated_fields(self) -> "StructureResourceAttributes":
    """Emit warnings if a field takes a null value when a value
    was expected based on the value/nullity of another field.
    """
    accumulated_warnings = []
    for field_set in CORRELATED_STRUCTURE_FIELDS:
        missing_fields = {
            field for field in field_set if getattr(self, field, None) is None
        }
        if missing_fields and len(missing_fields) != len(field_set):
            accumulated_warnings += [
                f"Structure with attributes {self} is missing fields "
                f"{missing_fields} which are required if "
                f"{field_set - missing_fields} are present."
            ]

    for warn in accumulated_warnings:
        warnings.warn(warn, MissingExpectedField)

    return self

types

AnnotatedType = type(ChemicalSymbol) module-attribute

ChemicalSymbol = Annotated[str, Field(pattern=EXTENDED_CHEMICAL_SYMBOLS_PATTERN)] module-attribute

ElementSymbol = Annotated[str, Field(pattern=ELEMENT_SYMBOLS_PATTERN)] module-attribute

NoneType = type(None) module-attribute

OptionalType = type(Optional[str]) module-attribute

SemanticVersion = Annotated[str, Field(pattern=SEMVER_PATTERN, examples=['0.10.1', '1.0.0-rc.2', '1.2.3-rc.5+develop'])] module-attribute

utils

ANONYMOUS_ELEMENTS = tuple(itertools.islice(anonymous_element_generator(), 150)) module-attribute

Returns the first 150 values of the anonymous element generator.

ATOMIC_NUMBERS = {} module-attribute

CHEMICAL_FORMULA_REGEXP = '(^$)|^([A-Z][a-z]?([2-9]|[1-9]\\d+)?)+$' module-attribute

CHEMICAL_SYMBOLS = ['H', 'He', 'Li', 'Be', 'B', 'C', 'N', 'O', 'F', 'Ne', 'Na', 'Mg', 'Al', 'Si', 'P', 'S', 'Cl', 'Ar', 'K', 'Ca', 'Sc', 'Ti', 'V', 'Cr', 'Mn', 'Fe', 'Co', 'Ni', 'Cu', 'Zn', 'Ga', 'Ge', 'As', 'Se', 'Br', 'Kr', 'Rb', 'Sr', 'Y', 'Zr', 'Nb', 'Mo', 'Tc', 'Ru', 'Rh', 'Pd', 'Ag', 'Cd', 'In', 'Sn', 'Sb', 'Te', 'I', 'Xe', 'Cs', 'Ba', 'La', 'Ce', 'Pr', 'Nd', 'Pm', 'Sm', 'Eu', 'Gd', 'Tb', 'Dy', 'Ho', 'Er', 'Tm', 'Yb', 'Lu', 'Hf', 'Ta', 'W', 'Re', 'Os', 'Ir', 'Pt', 'Au', 'Hg', 'Tl', 'Pb', 'Bi', 'Po', 'At', 'Rn', 'Fr', 'Ra', 'Ac', 'Th', 'Pa', 'U', 'Np', 'Pu', 'Am', 'Cm', 'Bk', 'Cf', 'Es', 'Fm', 'Md', 'No', 'Lr', 'Rf', 'Db', 'Sg', 'Bh', 'Hs', 'Mt', 'Ds', 'Rg', 'Cn', 'Nh', 'Fl', 'Mc', 'Lv', 'Ts', 'Og'] module-attribute

ELEMENT_SYMBOLS_PATTERN = '(' + '|'.join(CHEMICAL_SYMBOLS) + ')' module-attribute

EXTENDED_CHEMICAL_SYMBOLS_PATTERN = '(' + '|'.join(CHEMICAL_SYMBOLS + EXTRA_SYMBOLS) + ')' module-attribute

EXTRA_SYMBOLS = ['X', 'vacancy'] module-attribute

IDENTIFIER_REGEX = '^[a-z_][a-z_0-9]+$' module-attribute

OPTIMADE_SCHEMA_EXTENSION_KEYS = ['support', 'queryable', 'unit', 'sortable'] module-attribute

OPTIMADE_SCHEMA_EXTENSION_PREFIX = 'x-optimade-' module-attribute

SEMVER_PATTERN = '^(0|[1-9]\\d*)\\.(0|[1-9]\\d*)\\.(0|[1-9]\\d*)(?:-((?:0|[1-9]\\d*|\\d*[a-zA-Z-][0-9a-zA-Z-]*)(?:\\.(?:0|[1-9]\\d*|\\d*[a-zA-Z-][0-9a-zA-Z-]*))*))?(?:\\+([0-9a-zA-Z-]+(?:\\.[0-9a-zA-Z-]+)*))?$' module-attribute

SupportLevel

Bases: Enum

OPTIMADE property/field support levels

Source code in optimade/models/utils.py 
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class SupportLevel(Enum):
    """OPTIMADE property/field support levels"""

    MUST = "must"
    SHOULD = "should"
    OPTIONAL = "optional"

MUST = 'must' class-attribute instance-attribute

OPTIONAL = 'optional' class-attribute instance-attribute

SHOULD = 'should' class-attribute instance-attribute

OptimadeField(default=PydanticUndefined, *, support=None, queryable=None, unit=None, **kwargs)

A wrapper around pydantic.Field that adds OPTIMADE-specific field paramters queryable, support and unit, indicating the corresponding support level in the specification and the physical unit of the field.

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
support str | SupportLevel | None

The support level of the field itself, i.e. whether the field can be null or omitted by an implementation.

 None
queryable str | SupportLevel | None

The support level corresponding to the queryablility of this field.

 None
unit str | None

A string describing the unit of the field.

 None

Returns:

Type Description
Any

The pydantic field with extra validation provided by StrictField.
Source code in optimade/models/utils.py 
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def OptimadeField(
    default: "Any" = PydanticUndefined,
    *,
    support: str | SupportLevel | None = None,
    queryable: str | SupportLevel | None = None,
    unit: str | None = None,
    **kwargs,
) -> Any:
    """A wrapper around `pydantic.Field` that adds OPTIMADE-specific
    field paramters `queryable`, `support` and `unit`, indicating
    the corresponding support level in the specification and the
    physical unit of the field.

    Arguments:
        support: The support level of the field itself, i.e. whether the field
            can be null or omitted by an implementation.
        queryable: The support level corresponding to the queryablility
            of this field.
        unit: A string describing the unit of the field.

    Returns:
        The pydantic field with extra validation provided by [`StrictField`][optimade.models.utils.StrictField].

    """

    # Collect non-null keyword arguments to add to the Field schema
    if unit is not None:
        kwargs["unit"] = unit

    if queryable is not None:
        if isinstance(queryable, str):
            queryable = SupportLevel(queryable.lower())
        kwargs["queryable"] = queryable

    if support is not None:
        if isinstance(support, str):
            support = SupportLevel(support.lower())
        kwargs["support"] = support

    return StrictField(default, **kwargs)

StrictField(default=PydanticUndefined, *, description=None, **kwargs)

A wrapper around pydantic.Field that does the following:

  • Forbids any "extra" keys that would be passed to pydantic.Field, except those used elsewhere to modify the schema in-place, e.g. "uniqueItems", "pattern" and those added by OptimadeField, e.g. "unit", "queryable" and "sortable".
  • Emits a warning when no description is provided.

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
default Any

The only non-keyword argument allowed for Field.

 PydanticUndefined
description str | None

The description of the Field; if this is not specified then a UserWarning will be emitted.

 None
**kwargs Any

Extra keyword arguments to be passed to Field.

 {}

Raises:

Type Description
RuntimeError

If **kwargs contains a key not found in the function signature of Field, or in the extensions used by models in this package (see above).

Returns:

Type Description
Any

The pydantic Field.
Source code in optimade/models/utils.py 
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def StrictField(
    default: "Any" = PydanticUndefined,
    *,
    description: str | None = None,
    **kwargs: "Any",
) -> Any:
    """A wrapper around `pydantic.Field` that does the following:

    - Forbids any "extra" keys that would be passed to `pydantic.Field`,
      except those used elsewhere to modify the schema in-place,
      e.g. "uniqueItems", "pattern" and those added by OptimadeField, e.g.
      "unit", "queryable" and "sortable".
    - Emits a warning when no description is provided.

    Arguments:
        default: The only non-keyword argument allowed for Field.
        description: The description of the `Field`; if this is not
            specified then a `UserWarning` will be emitted.
        **kwargs: Extra keyword arguments to be passed to `Field`.

    Raises:
        RuntimeError: If `**kwargs` contains a key not found in the
            function signature of `Field`, or in the extensions used
            by models in this package (see above).

    Returns:
        The pydantic `Field`.

    """
    allowed_schema_and_field_keys = ["pattern"]

    allowed_keys = [
        "pattern",
        "uniqueItems",
    ] + OPTIMADE_SCHEMA_EXTENSION_KEYS
    _banned = [k for k in kwargs if k not in set(_PYDANTIC_FIELD_KWARGS + allowed_keys)]

    if _banned:
        raise RuntimeError(
            f"Not creating StrictField({default!r}, **{kwargs!r}) with "
            f"forbidden keywords {_banned}."
        )

    # Handle description
    if description is None:
        warnings.warn(
            f"No description provided for StrictField specified by {default!r}, "
            f"**{kwargs!r}."
        )
    else:
        kwargs["description"] = description

    # OPTIMADE schema extensions
    json_schema_extra: dict[str, Any] = kwargs.pop("json_schema_extra", {})

    # Go through all JSON Schema keys and add them to the json_schema_extra.
    for key in allowed_keys:
        if key not in kwargs:
            continue

        # If they are OPTIMADE schema extensions, add them with the OPTIMADE prefix.
        schema_key = (
            f"{OPTIMADE_SCHEMA_EXTENSION_PREFIX}{key}"
            if key in OPTIMADE_SCHEMA_EXTENSION_KEYS
            else key
        )

        for key_variant in (key, schema_key):
            if key_variant in json_schema_extra:
                if json_schema_extra.pop(key_variant) != kwargs[key]:
                    raise RuntimeError(
                        f"Conflicting values for {key} in json_schema_extra and kwargs."
                    )

        json_schema_extra[schema_key] = (
            kwargs[key] if key in allowed_schema_and_field_keys else kwargs.pop(key)
        )

    kwargs["json_schema_extra"] = json_schema_extra

    return Field(default, **kwargs)

anonymize_formula(formula)

Takes a string representation of a chemical formula of the form [A-Z][a-z]*[0-9]* (potentially with whitespace) and returns the OPTIMADE chemical_formula_anonymous representation, i.e., a reduced chemical formula comprising of element symbols drawn from A, B, C... ordered from largest proportion to smallest.

Returns:

Type Description
str

The anonymous chemical formula in the OPTIMADE representation.
Source code in optimade/models/utils.py 
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def anonymize_formula(formula: str) -> str:
    """Takes a string representation of a chemical formula of the form `[A-Z][a-z]*[0-9]*` (potentially with whitespace) and
    returns the OPTIMADE `chemical_formula_anonymous` representation, i.e., a reduced chemical formula comprising of element symbols
    drawn from A, B, C... ordered from largest proportion to smallest.

    Returns:
        The anonymous chemical formula in the OPTIMADE representation.

    """
    return _reduce_or_anonymize_formula(formula, alphabetize=False, anonymize=True)

anonymous_element_generator()

Generator that yields the next symbol in the A, B, Aa, ... Az naming scheme.

Source code in optimade/models/utils.py 
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def anonymous_element_generator() -> "Generator[str, None, None]":
    """Generator that yields the next symbol in the A, B, Aa, ... Az naming scheme."""
    from string import ascii_lowercase

    for size in itertools.count(1):
        for tuple_strings in itertools.product(ascii_lowercase, repeat=size):
            list_strings = list(tuple_strings)
            list_strings[0] = list_strings[0].upper()
            yield "".join(list_strings)

reduce_formula(formula)

Takes a string representation of a chemical formula of the form [A-Z][a-z]*[0-9]* (potentially with whitespace) and reduces it by the GCD of the proportion integers present in the formula, stripping any leftover "1" values.

Returns:

Type Description
str

The reduced chemical formula in the OPTIMADE representation.
Source code in optimade/models/utils.py 
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def reduce_formula(formula: str) -> str:
    """Takes a string representation of a chemical formula of the form `[A-Z][a-z]*[0-9]*` (potentially with whitespace) and
    reduces it by the GCD of the proportion integers present in the formula, stripping any leftover "1" values.

    Returns:
        The reduced chemical formula in the OPTIMADE representation.

    """
    return _reduce_or_anonymize_formula(formula, alphabetize=True, anonymize=False)